Abstract: A method of Inter-User Equipment (UE) Transfer (IUT) for use in an Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) capable wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving, at the IMS capable WTRU, an IUT session transfer command from a non-IMS capable WTRU via non-IMS signaling; translating, at the IMS capable WTRU, the IUT session transfer command to an IMS based message; and transmitting, from the IMS capable WTRU, the translated IMS based message to a Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server (SCC AS).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating supplementary cells in licensed exempt (LE) spectrum. An aggregating cell operating in a frequency division duplex (FDD) licensed spectrum is aggregated with a LE supplementary cell operating in a time sharing mode for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) operations. The LE supplementary cell may be an FDD supplementary cell dynamically configurable between an UL only mode, a DL only mode, and a shared mode, to match requested UL and DL traffic ratios. The LE supplementary cell may be a time division duplex (TDD) supplementary cell. The TDD supplementary cell may be dynamically configurable between multiple TDD configurations. A coexistence capability for coordinating operations between the LE supplementary cell with other systems operating in the same channel is provided. Coexistence gaps are provided to measure primary/secondary user usage and permit other systems operating in the LE supplementary cell channel to access the channel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus delivering voice/data services within a piconet operating over a limited range or over a WLAN communicating with 3GPP devices by reformatting data into IP format before delivering to the WLAN. The service is short message service (SMS). Upon receipt of an SMS message, relevant routing information is retrieved. A PDGW address for the SMS message is identified and is sent to the PDGW address which identifies the WLAN user equipment (UE) for receiving the SMS and reformats the SMS message into IP format (text or encapsulation) for delivery to the UE. A protocol architecture is provided for SMS delivery over WLANs, in particular, for UMTS/CDMA based SMS over WLAN through two alternative mechanisms, i.e., SMS tunneling and SMS proxy, for protocols for the delivery of SMS across the WLAN. The invention enhances standard 802.11 in the context of UMTS and CDMA 2000; as well as other scenarios.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus may be used to provide assistance for connection procedures in a hierarchical network where macro cells may be operating in licensed spectrum while small cells may be operating in dynamic and shared spectrums, such as TVWS. This may be done, for example, to allow an LTE system performing carrier aggregation (CA) to reconfigure itself to change from a supplementary cell (SuppCell) in one dynamic and shared spectrum channel to a SuppCell in another dynamic and shared spectrum channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: A method of Inter-User Equipment (UE) Transfer (IUT) for use in a Home enhanced-Node B (H(e)NB), the method comprising receiving a transfer command from a first IMS capable WTRU via IMS signaling, translating the transfer command to a non-IMS based message, and transmitting the translated non-IMS based message to a Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server (SCC AS).

Abstract: Method and apparatus delivering voice/data services within a piconet operating over a limited range or over a WLAN communicating with 3GPP devices by reformatting data into IP format before delivering to the WLAN. The service is short message service (SMS). Upon receipt of an SMS message, relevant routing information is retrieved. A PDGW address for the SMS message is identified and is sent to the PDGW address which identifies the WLAN user equipment (UE) for receiving the SMS and reformats the SMS message into IP format (text or encapsulation) for delivery to the UE. A protocol architecture is provided for SMS delivery over WLANs, in particular, for UMTS/CDMA based SMS over WLAN through two alternative mechanisms, i.e., SMS tunneling and SMS proxy, for protocols for the delivery of SMS across the WLAN. The invention enhances standard 802.11 in the context of UMTS and CDMA 2000; as well as other scenarios.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus may be used to provide assistance for connection procedures in a hierarchical network where macro cells may be operating in licensed spectrum while small cells may be operating in dynamic and shared spectrums, such as TVWS. This may be done, for example, to allow an LTE system performing carrier aggregation (CA) to reconfigure itself to change from a supplementary cell (SuppCell) in one dynamic and shared spectrum channel to a SuppCell in another dynamic and shared spectrum channel.

Abstract: Techniques for inter-user equipment (UE) transfer (IUT) are disclosed. An application server may receive an IUT request for transfer of a media session toward at least one initial UE such that the media session is to be played by at least two target UEs. The server may determine eligibility for IUT with group synchronization based on the request. The server may send a message to the initial UE that IUT with group synchronization is not allowed on a condition that IUT with group synchronization is not allowed. Further, the server may trigger inter-destination media synchronization (IDMS) for group synchronization of media sessions among the UEs on a condition that IUT with group synchronization is allowed. The media sessions may include a first media session and second media session. The media stream may be played by at least two UEs that are geographically separated after the transfer.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to implement content caching. An entity running an external application (EA) may establish a connection between the EA and a centralized cloud controller (CCC) to access a service on the CCC. The EA may receive credentials for access to the service. The connection between the EA and the CCC may be established over a first interface. The EA may send to the service on the CES a query for an available small cell network (SCN) storage. The EA may receive from the service on the CES reply comprising a link to an allocated SCN storage. The EA may ingest one or more contents using the link in the allocated SCN storage. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive the cached content from an edge server in a small cell network.

Abstract: Techniques for inter-user equipment (UE) transfer (IUT) are disclosed. An application server receives an IUT request for transfer of a media session toward at least one UE such that a media stream is played by at least two UEs that are geographically separated after the transfer. The application server triggers inter-destination media synchronization (IDMS) for group synchronization of the media session among the UEs. The media stream may be anchored at a media server, and a media synchronization application server for the IDMS may be running at the media server. Alternatively, the media stream may be anchored at a media resource function (MRF), and a media synchronization application server for the IDMS may be running at the MRF.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for synchronizing mobile station (i.e., wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) media flows during a collaboration session. Inter-WTRU transfer request messages, flow addition request messages and session update request messages may be exchanged between a plurality of WTRUs and a session continuity control application server (SCC-AS). Each of the messages may include a session description protocol (SDP) attribute line containing time synchronization information (e.g., a presentation time offset (PTO) information element (IE), a media flow group identity (ID) and a synchronization tolerance IE). The SCC-AS may update the time synchronization information and include the updated information in messages it sends to the WTRUs, which may re-synchronize their respective media flows based on the updated time synchronization information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for synchronizing mobile station (i.e., wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) media flows during a collaboration session. Inter-WTRU transfer request messages, flow addition request messages and session update request messages may be exchanged between a plurality of WTRUs and a session continuity control application server (SCC-AS). Each of the messages may include a session description protocol (SDP) attribute line containing time synchronization information (e.g., a presentation time offset (PTO) information element (IE), a media flow group identity (ID) and a synchronization tolerance IE). The SCC-AS may update the time synchronization information and include the updated information in messages it sends to the WTRUs, which may re-synchronize their respective media flows based on the updated time synchronization information.

Abstract: Methods and network nodes are described. A network node receives an attach request message from a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) via a cellular radio access network (RAN). The attach request message includes a mobile station (MS) radio access capability information element (IE), and the MS radio access capability IE includes a field that indicates whether the WTRU is capable of receiving services from a core network via a non-cellular wireless access network. The network node provides services from the core network to the WTRU.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Methods and network nodes are described. A network node receives an attach request message from a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) via a cellular radio access network (RAN). The attach request message includes a mobile station (MS) radio access capability information element (IE), and the MS radio access capability IE includes a field that indicates whether the WTRU is capable of receiving services from a core network via a non-cellular wireless access network. The network node provides services from the core network to the WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for performing group-based machine-to-machine communication. Machine-type communication (MTC) wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) may operate in MTC groups. MTC WTRUs belonging to the same MTC group may use a group-based International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and a group-based IP address for data transmission. Group-based network registration may be performed. A group-based IP address and radio resources may be proactively allocated for an MTC group. A master MTC may perform network registration/attachment process on behalf of the MTC group. A group of MTC WTRUs may transmit data according to staggered time windows.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus may be used to provide assistance for connection procedures in a hierarchical network where macro cells may be operating in licensed spectrum while small cells may be operating in dynamic and shared spectrums, such as TVWS. This may be done, for example, to allow an LTE system performing carrier aggregation (CA) to reconfigure itself to change from a supplementary cell (SuppCell) in one dynamic and shared spectrum channel to a SuppCell in another dynamic and shared spectrum channel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for performing group-based machine-to-machine communication. Machine-type communication (MTC) wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) may operate in MTC groups. MTC WTRUs belonging to the same MTC group may use a group-based International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and a group-based IP address for data transmission. Group-based network registration may be performed. A group-based IP address and radio resources may be proactively allocated for an MTC group. A master MTC may perform network registration/attachment process on behalf of the MTC group. A group of MTC WTRUs may transmit data according to staggered time windows.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating supplementary cells in licensed exempt (LE) spectrum. An aggregating cell operating in a frequency division duplex (FDD) licensed spectrum is aggregated with a LE supplementary cell operating in a time sharing mode for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) operations. The LE supplementary cell may be an FDD supplementary cell dynamically configurable between an UL only mode, a DL only mode, and a shared mode, to match requested UL and DL traffic ratios. The LE supplementary cell may be a time division duplex (TDD) supplementary cell. The TDD supplementary cell may be dynamically configurable between multiple TDD configurations. A coexistence capability for coordinating operations between the LE supplementary cell with other systems operating in the same channel is provided. Coexistence gaps are provided to measure primary/secondary user usage and permit other systems operating in the LE supplementary cell channel to access the channel.