Abstract: Technical solutions are described for implementing an optogenetics treatment using a probe and probe controller are described. A probe controller controls a probe to perform the method that includes emitting, by a light source of the probe, the probe is embeddable in a tissue, a light wave to interact with a corresponding chemical in one or more cells in the tissue. The method further includes capturing, by a sensor of the probe, a spectroscopy of the light wave interacting with the corresponding chemical. The method further includes sending, by the probe, the spectroscopy to an analysis system. The method further includes receiving, by the probe, from the analysis system, adjusted parameters for the light source, and adjusting, by a controller of the probe, settings of the light source according to the received adjusted parameters to emit a different light wave to interact with the corresponding chemical.

Abstract: A multi-level photovoltaic cell comprises a substrate layer and a plurality of photovoltaic cells positioned above the substrate layer. Each photovoltaic cell has a top contact layer and a bottom contact layer connected in series such that the top contact layer of the first photovoltaic cell is connected to the bottom contact layer of a next photovoltaic cell until the last photovoltaic cell is connected. A different voltage is output between the substrate layer and the top contact layer of each photovoltaic cell. Another multi-level photovoltaic cell comprises a substrate layer and a plurality of photovoltaic cells stacked vertically above the substrate layer. Each photovoltaic cell comprises an active layer separated from the next photovoltaic cell by an etch stop layer until a last photovoltaic cell is reached. A different voltage is output between the substrate layer and the active layer of each photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: Techniques for interface charge reduction to improve performance of SiGe channel devices are provided. In one aspect, a method for reducing interface charge density (Dit) for a SiGe channel material includes: contacting the SiGe channel material with an Si-containing chemical precursor under conditions sufficient to form a thin continuous Si layer, e.g., less than 5 monolayers thick on a surface of the SiGe channel material which is optionally contacted with an n-dopant precursor; and depositing a gate dielectric on the SiGe channel material over the thin continuous Si layer, wherein the thin continuous Si layer by itself or in conjunction with n-dopant precursor passivates an interface between the SiGe channel material and the gate dielectric thereby reducing the Dit. A FET device and method for formation thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Resistive processing unit including: a plurality of transistors each having a lithium-doped region, wherein the plurality of transistors are arranged in an array to provide resistance; at least one first transmission line electrically connected to a source region of each transistor in at least one column of the array; at least one second transmission line electrically connected to a drain region of each transistor in at least one row of the array; and at least one third transmission line electrically connected to a gate region of the plurality of transistors in at least one row of the array; wherein application of an electrical voltage to the at least one first transmission line, the at least one second transmission line or the at least one third transmission line mobilizes lithium ions in the lithium region, thereby affecting a channel resistance of at least one transistor in the plurality of transistors.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions as well as techniques for plasmonic enhancement of absorption in sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes selecting one or more metal particles to be used in conjunction with one or more zinc oxide particles in a sunscreen composition, wherein said selecting is based on the plasmon resonance frequency associated with each of the metal particles; and embedding the one or more selected metal particles into each of the one or more zinc oxide particles.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is formed using an n-type layer of Zinc Oxide, a p-type layer formed of a narrow bandgap material. The narrow bandgap material uses a group 3A element and a group 5A element. A junction is formed between the n-type layer and the p-type layer, the junction being operable as a heterojunction diode having a rectifying property at a temperature range, the temperature range having a high limit at room temperature.

Abstract: An approach to deposit, by a self-aligning process, a layer of graphene on a gate formed on a dielectric layer on a semiconductor substrate where the gate includes a metal catalyst material. The approach includes removing a portion of the dielectric layer and a portion of the semiconductor substrate not under the gate and depositing, by a self-aligning atomic layer deposition process, a layer of a material capable of creating a source and a drain in a semiconductor device on exposed surfaces of the semiconductor substrate and the dielectric layer. The approach includes removing the layer of graphene from the gate, and, then removing a portion of the layer of the material capable of creating the source and the drain in the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device including a photovoltaic cell and method of use is disclosed. The photovoltaic cell includes at least a first photovoltaic layer and a second photovoltaic layer arranged in a stack. The first photovoltaic layer has a first thickness and receives light at its top surface. A second photovoltaic layer has a second thickness and is disposed beneath the first photovoltaic layer and receives light passing through the first photovoltaic layer. The first thickness and the second thickness are selected so that a first light absorption at the first photovoltaic layer is equal to a second light absorption at the second photovoltaic layer. The photovoltaic cell is irradiated at its top surface with monochromatic light to generate a current.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device including a photovoltaic cell and method of use is disclosed. The photovoltaic cell includes at least a first photovoltaic layer and a second photovoltaic layer arranged in a stack. The first photovoltaic layer has a first thickness and receives light at its top surface. A second photovoltaic layer has a second thickness and is disposed beneath the first photovoltaic layer and receives light passing through the first photovoltaic layer. The first thickness and the second thickness are selected so that a first light absorption at the first photovoltaic layer is equal to a second light absorption at the second photovoltaic layer. The photovoltaic cell is irradiated at its top surface with monochromatic light to generate a current.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions as well as techniques for plasmonic enhancement of absorption in sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes selecting one or more metal particles to be used in conjunction with one or more zinc oxide particles in a sunscreen composition, wherein said selecting is based on the plasmon resonance frequency associated with each of the metal particles; and embedding the one or more selected metal particles into each of the one or more zinc oxide particles.

Abstract: Shell-structured particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes selecting one or more particles to serve as a core material in a sunscreen composition, wherein each of the one or more particles comprises a band gap within a predetermined range, and wherein said selecting is based on a desired absorption spectrum of the sunscreen composition; coating the one or more particles with at least one layer of zinc oxide. A composition includes selecting one or more particles to serve as a coating layer in a sunscreen composition, wherein each of the one or more particles comprises a band gap within a predetermined range, and wherein said selecting is based on a desired absorption spectrum of the sunscreen composition; and coating one or more zinc oxide particles with the one or more selected particles.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions and methods for embedding oxide particles in a separate suspension particle for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes reducing the size of each of multiple zinc oxide particles in accordance with a predetermined range; selecting one or more suspension particles to be utilized in conjunction with the multiple zinc oxide particles in a sunscreen composition, wherein each of the one or more suspension particles is larger in size than each of the multiple zinc oxide particles, and wherein said selecting is based on the refractive index of each of the one or more suspension particles; and embedding the multiple zinc oxide particles into the one or more suspension particles to create the sunscreen composition.

Abstract: Sunscreen additives for enhancing vitamin D production are provided herein. A method includes selecting phosphor materials to incorporate into zinc oxide particles, wherein the phosphor materials are capable of carrying out an up-conversion process whereby two or more photons absorbed by the zinc oxide particles and/or the phosphor materials within a first wavelength range are emitted as at least one photon within a second wavelength range. The method also includes incorporating the selected phosphor materials into the zinc oxide particles. A composition includes zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium of a sunscreen composition, and phosphor materials incorporated into the zinc oxide particles, wherein the phosphor materials are capable of carrying out an up-conversion process whereby two or more photons absorbed by the zinc oxide particles and/or the phosphor materials within a first wavelength range are emitted as at least one photon within a second wavelength range.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions as well as techniques for doping ZnO particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes selecting one or more dopants to be incorporated into one or more zinc oxide particles in a sunscreen composition, wherein the one or more dopants comprise chromium, cobalt, gallium, and/or tin, and wherein said selecting is based on one or more optical properties associated with each of the dopants, and incorporating the selected dopants into the zinc oxide particles to create the sunscreen composition. A composition includes multiple zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium forming sunscreen composition, and one or more dopants incorporated into each of the multiple zinc oxide particles, wherein the one or more dopants comprise chromium, cobalt, gallium, and/or tin, and wherein each of the dopants imparts one or more optical properties to the zinc oxide particle within which the dopant is incorporated.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions and methods for applying anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes selecting one or more coating materials to be applied to zinc oxide particles in a sunscreen composition, wherein said selecting is based on optical properties of the coating materials, wherein the optical properties comprises at least the refractive index of each of the coating materials, and applying the selected coating materials to the zinc oxide particles to create the sunscreen composition.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions and methods for applying anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A composition includes multiple zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium forming sunscreen composition, and two or more coating materials applied to each of the multiple zinc oxide particles in distinct layers via a gradation based on refractive index, wherein each of the coating materials has a refractive index that is between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of zinc oxide, and wherein the two or more coating materials comprise zinc sulfide and titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions and methods for applying anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A composition includes multiple zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium forming sunscreen composition, and two or more coating materials applied to each of the multiple zinc oxide particles in distinct layers via a gradation based on refractive index, wherein each of the coating materials has a refractive index that is between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of zinc oxide, and wherein the two or more coating materials comprise one or more fluoropolymers and aluminum oxide.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions and methods for applying anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A composition includes multiple zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium forming sunscreen composition, and coating materials applied to each of the multiple zinc oxide particles in distinct layers via a gradation based on refractive index, wherein each of the coating materials has a refractive index that is between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of zinc oxide, and wherein the coating materials comprise a combination of (i) silicon dioxide, (ii) magnesium fluoride, (iii) one or more fluoropolymers, (iv) aluminum oxide, (v) zinc sulfide, and (vi) titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Zinc oxide compositions and methods for applying anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A method includes selecting two or more coating materials to be applied to zinc oxide particles in a sunscreen composition, wherein said selecting is based on optical properties of the coating materials, wherein the optical properties comprises at least the refractive index of each of the coating materials, and applying the selected coating materials to the zinc oxide particles to create the sunscreen composition.

Abstract: Shell-structured particles for sunscreen applications are provided herein. A composition includes one or more zinc oxide particles constituting a core material in a sunscreen composition, one or more particles coating the one or more zinc oxide particles, wherein each of the one or more particles comprises a band gap within a predetermined range, and wherein said one or more particles are selected based on a desired absorption spectrum of the sunscreen composition, and an anti-reflective coating applied to the surface of the one or more particles coating the one or more zinc oxide particles.