Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods of forming the same are provided. Semiconductor devices may include a plurality of gate electrodes that are stacked on a substrate and are spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction and a channel region extending through the plurality of gate electrodes in the vertical direction. Each of the plurality of gate electrodes may include a first conductive layer defining a recess recessed toward the channel region, and a second conductive layer in the recess defined by the first conductive layer. A first concentration of impurities in the second conductive layer may be higher than a second concentration of the impurities in the first conductive layer, and the impurities may include nitrogen (N).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for screening for an autophagy activator or inhibitor comprising the steps of: (a) making a test material to be analyzed come into contact with cells containing Beclin 1 protein; and (b) analyzing the degree of phosphorylation at the 30th serine amino acid residue of the Beclin 1 protein. The test material is determined to be an autophagy activator when the phosphorylation of the Beclin 1 protein is up-regulated, and the test material is determined to be an autophagy inhibitor when the phosphorylation of the Beclin 1 protein is down-regulated. The present invention first establishes, by ULK1, the mechanism of phosphorylation at the 30th serine amino acid residue of Beclin 1.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for controlling a register of a reconfigurable processor. The power of a register may be efficiently used by obtaining a command for each of a plurality of read ports of the register from a memory, obtaining activation information for each of the plurality of read ports from the obtained command, and determining an address value of each of the plurality of read ports on the basis of the obtained activation information.

Abstract: A direct memory access (DMA) controller is provided. The DMA controller includes a processor interface configured to directly receive information representing a first operation sent by a processor to a buffer, and transmit data corresponding to the first operation stored in the buffer to the processor core or record data corresponding to the first operation in the buffer, and a buffer group connected to the processor interface, and including a plurality of buffers.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device may include a substrate, gate electrode structures stacked on the substrate, insulation patterns between the gate electrode structures, vertical channels penetrating through the gate electrode structures and the insulation patterns, and a data storage pattern. The vertical channels may be electrically connected to the substrate. The data storage pattern may be arranged between the gate electrode structures and the vertical channels. Each of the gate electrode structures may include a barrier film, a metal gate, and a crystal grain boundary plugging layer. The crystal grain boundary plugging layer may be between the barrier film and the metal gate.

Abstract: A seat device operatively connected to an HVAC apparatus is provided. The seat device includes the HVAC apparatus to adjust the indoor air within a vehicle. A seat blower is mounted on a seat to blow indoor air, introduced through an inlet thereof, to a seat cushion and a seat back. A connecting duct allows airflow between the seat blower and the HVAC apparatus and a mesh frame connects a circumferential edge of the inlet of the seat blower with the connecting duct to allow ventilation therethrough.

Abstract: Provided is a cell capturing cartridge. According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, the cell capturing cartridge may include a substrate and structures provided on an upper surface of the substrate and constituting a plurality of rows that are parallel to a row direction. The structures in one row may be offset from the structures in the neighboring rows in the row direction. Each of the substrates may have a first side surface facing one side of the substrate and a second side surface disposed opposite to the first side surface and having a width greater than that of the first side surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. As a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device that comprises ordering and performing processing steps in a manner that prevents warpage deformation from occurring to a wafer and/or die due to mismatching thermal coefficients.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a food storage apparatus with improved security performance due to performing of a lock/unlock function from far away and a method of controlling the same. Also, provided are a food storage apparatus which allows a user far away to take appropriate measures by reporting approach of an unauthorized person, opening of a door, etc. or to check a thief or stolen food and a method of controlling the same. The food storage apparatus includes a body in which a storage space for storing food is formed, a door installed on the body to be openable, a locking unit which locks the door, a communication unit which communicates with an external terminal to receive a locking command, and a control unit which controls the locking unit to lock the door when the locking command is received from the terminal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device and a semiconductor device produced thereby. For example and without limitation, various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and a semiconductor device produced thereby, that comprises an interposer without through silicon vias.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a lamination apparatus which adheres substrates to a cover window having a curved surface and a lamination method using the same. The lamination apparatus includes a first jig on which a cover window is mounted, wherein a curved surface portion is formed in the cover window and a curvature center thereof is positioned behind the curved surface portion, a second jig on which a guide member is seated, wherein a substrate is mounted on the guide member and the guide member has a width greater than that of the substrate, and an interference member provided to interfere with both facing front surfaces of the guide member, wherein the interference member interferes with the guide member and the guide member is bent when the second jig approaches the first jig.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are provided. The method includes initiating communication at an electronic device, providing first information associated with the communication, and providing second information associated with the communication, the second information being provided in a mode that is different from a mode in which the first information is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing audio data are provided. When an encoded audio bitstream sampled at a sampling frequency is received, a resampling ratio for processing the encoded audio bitstream is computed. If the the resampling ratio is within the resampling threshold range, then the encoded audio bitstream is processed in frequency domain and a desired number of audio samples per frame are outputted according to the resampling ratio. The encoded audio bitstream is processed in frequency domain using sample rate converter integrated into a filter bank of an audio decoder. If the resampling ratio is outside the resampling threshold range, then the encoded audio bitstream is processed in time domain and a desired number of audio samples per frame are outputted according to the resampling ratio.

Abstract: An electronic device and a control method therefor are provided. The electronic device comprises: a microphone for receiving an external audio signal; an analog/digital converter (ADC) for processing the audio signal into a digital signal; a memory for storing the audio signal; and a processor for identifying whether the audio signal inputted from the microphone is a user's voice, and compressing the audio signal on the basis of the determination result so as to store the compressed audio signal in the memory, wherein the ADC and the processor can be implemented as one chip.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. As a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device that comprises ordering and performing processing steps in a manner that prevents warpage deformation from occurring to a wafer and/or die due to mismatching thermal coefficients.

Abstract: An information encryption system and an information encryption method for encrypting character information and decrypting the encrypted information by using optical character recognition includes a user terminal comprising: a viewer region display unit for displaying a viewer region at the very top of a screen; a viewer character recognition unit for recognizing in real-time characters displayed on a screen region covered by the viewer region, a viewer character encryption unit for generating an encrypted character by encrypting a first character to be encrypted by using a cipher when the first character is recognized; an encrypted character substitution unit for deleting the first character and substitutively inputting the encrypted character; and a viewer character display unit for displaying a non-encrypted second character as it is, and decrypting an encrypted second character by using a cipher and displaying the same in an original character when the second character to be displayed is recognized.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light-emitting display device that is capable of preventing the reflection of light incident from outside and improving transparency when a transparent display is realized. The organic light-emitting display device includes a first substrate defined by a transmission area and a light emission area, a first electrode located on a region of a planarization film, which covers a thin film transistor, corresponding to the light emission area, the first electrode being electrically connected to the thin film transistor, and a shielding layer located to cover a region of the planarization film corresponding to the transmission area and the side surface of the planarization film, the shielding layer being electrically isolated from the first electrode.

Abstract: A sound discriminating method comprises sensing a sound signal; changing the sensed sound signal into an electrical signal; and determining whether the electrical signal is a predetermined sound by analyzing the electrical signal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device and a semiconductor device produced thereby. For example and without limitation, various aspects of this disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and a semiconductor device produced thereby, that comprises an interposer without through silicon vias.

Abstract: An arbitrary viewpoint image generation method includes obtaining an original image set photographed by a plurality of cameras included in a camera array at each of at least one focal distance at a same time point; obtaining a multi-focus image set by generating a multi-focus image from the original image set for each of the at least one focal distance; and generating an arbitrary viewpoint image at a position where a viewpoint is to be moved from the multi-focus image set.