Abstract: The present disclosure provides a data assimilation system of numerical models using atmospheric research aircraft observation data for constructing a data assimilation system for generating improved initial conditions and performing efficient aerial observation work using atmospheric research aircraft observation data, and a method of constructing a weather prediction model with data assimilation applied of the data assimilation system. A data assimilation system of numerical models using atmospheric research aircraft observation data includes an observation error data generation module, a background error covariance generation module, a data assimilation module and a lateral boundary field generation module.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a drain, a source, a gate electrode, and a nanowire between the source and drain. The nanowire has a first section with a first thickness and a second section with a second thickness greater than the first thickness. The second section is between the first section and at least one of the source or drain. The first nanowire includes a channel when a voltage is applied to the gate electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a vehicle includes a communication device to receive first driving information of a front vehicle, at least one sensor to obtain second driving information of a host vehicle, and a processor. The processor is configured to generate real behavior information of the host vehicle based on the second driving information, generate predicted behavior information of the host vehicle based on at least one of the first driving information, the second driving information, or any combination thereof, and determine a manner of outputting a sound based on the real behavior information or the predicted behavior information.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus are provided. A polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation Re of about 70 nm to about 120 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and a ratio of out-of-plane retardation of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of 550 nm to thickness thereof is about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a battery monitoring data management system. According to an embodiment, the system may comprise charge-discharge apparatuses to be connected to batteries and to collect state information of the batteries; charge-discharge apparatus controllers to control the charge-discharge apparatuses and to generate monitoring data from the collected state information; and a monitoring data management device to receive monitoring data generated by the charge-discharge apparatus controllers, to create message groups based on the received monitoring data, to extract alarm data from the message groups, to generate alarm messages based the extracted alarm data, and to transmit the generated alarm messages to at least one of a monitoring server and an administrator terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separator for an electrochemical device capable of securing peel strength between a porous polymer substrate and an organic and inorganic composite porous layer and having excellent heat resistance. A manufacturing method thereof and an electrochemical device equipped with the separator are also disclosed. The separator according to one embodiment includes a porous polymer substrate and an organic and inorganic composite porous layer on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate. The organic and inorganic composite porous layer includes inorganic particles and a particulate acrylic binder polymer, in which the particulate acrylic binder polymer has a crosslinked structure mediated by a benzophenone functional group.

Abstract: A pixel may include: a first transistor including a second electrode, a first electrode electrically connected to a first power line, and a gate electrode connected to a first node; a second transistor including a second electrode, a first electrode electrically connected to a data line, and a gate electrode electrically connected to a first scan line; a third transistor connected between the first node and the data line, and including a gate electrode electrically connected to a second scan line; a first capacitor including a first electrode connected to the second electrode of the second transistor, and a second electrode connected to the first node; a second capacitor connected between the first power line and the first node; and a light emitting element between a second power line and the first transistor, and including a second electrode electrically connected to the second power line.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm; and the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 100 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor package, for example a package-on-package type semiconductor device package. As non-limiting examples, various aspects of this disclosure provide high-yield methods for manufacturing a package-on-package type semiconductor package, or a portion thereof.

Abstract: A battery module which uses a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) to provide a transmission path of information on the voltage or temperature thereof sensed by a bus bar. The battery module may have a smaller size in a height direction compared to a case of using a rigid printed circuit board (RPCB) or a wire instead of the FPCB to provide the transmission path of the information on the voltage or temperature, and may thus have improved energy efficiency per volume.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a glass layer, a through-hole penetrating through the glass layer, a seed layer provided along an inner wall of the through-hole, and a through-via disposed on the seed layer and filling the through-hole. The seed layer includes a carbon-based conductive material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for estimating a camera pose. The method includes dividing an input image received from a camera into a plurality of regions, dividing the plurality of regions into a first detection zone for detecting a vanishing point or a roll and a second detection zone for detecting the roll, extracting a representative feature from features of the input image by using a filter generated in advance for each of the plurality of regions based on a design value of the camera, calculating a feature error of each of the first detection zone and the second detection zone based on the representative feature, and estimating a pose of the camera based on the feature error.

Abstract: A separator for secondary batteries including a separator substrate having a porous structure, wherein the separator substrate comprises a polymer material. A coating layer is present on at least one surface of the separator substrate, wherein the coating layer includes a crystalline binder and an amorphous binder miscible with each other. The crystalline binder includes a first crystalline binder and a second crystalline binder, and an amount of the amorphous binder is 2 weight % to 5 weight % based on the total weight of a solid content of the coating layer, whereby the resistance in the coating layer of the separator is reduced and thus ionic conductivity is improved.

Abstract: A central monitoring system using artificial ventilators, comprises: a plurality of artificial ventilators positioned inside a hospital room in a ward and connected to the respiratory tracts of a plurality of patients recovering inside the hospital room, so as to supply oxygen to the plurality of patients; an image-capturing unit positioned inside the hospital room so as to capture the plurality of patients in real time; a communication unit for receiving a plurality of pieces of patient condition information transmitted from the plurality of artificial ventilators and patient-capturing information transmitted from the image-capturing unit; and a communication connection unit for connecting the plurality of artificial ventilators and the communication unit, and transmitting, to the communication unit, the plurality of pieces of patient condition information transmitted from the plurality of artificial ventilators.

Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment includes an insulating layer including a first via hole; a first via disposed in the first via hole of the insulating layer; wherein the first via includes: a first via part disposed in a first region of the first via hole; and a second via part disposed in a second region other than the first region of the first via hole; wherein the second region is a central region of the first via hole, and the first region is an outer region surrounding the second region; wherein the first via part and the second via part includes: a first surface in contact with each other; and a second surface other than the first surface exposed on the insulating layer; wherein the first surface has a first surface roughness; wherein the second surface has a second surface roughness different from the first surface roughness.

Abstract: A method by which a server controls plural devices includes receiving a trigger signal generated by a sensor in a home in response to a mobile device being present at a specific location in the home, determining devices corresponding to the specific location by using the trigger signal, receiving context information indicating a situation of a user from the mobile device, selecting context information related to operations of the determined devices from among the received context information by using keywords respectively related to the devices, each of the operations corresponding to each of the devices, and providing the selected context information to the devices respectively so that each of the devices performs the operations.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus using plasma capable of efficiently controlling the selectivity ratio of a silicon layer and an oxide layer is provided. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a first space disposed between an electrode and an ion blocker; a second space disposed between the ion blocker and a shower head; a processing space under the shower head for processing a substrate; a first supply hole for providing a first gas for generating plasma to the first space; a second supply hole for providing a second gas to be mixed with an effluent of the plasma to the second space; and a first coating layer formed on a first surface of the shower head facing the second space, not formed on a second surface of the shower head facing the processing space, and containing nickel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cooking appliance. In the present disclosure, a cavity may be formed inside the casing, and a plurality of heat source modules may be arranged inside the casing. Additionally, a distance sensor is arranged on an upper surface of the casing to measure a distance to the food placed inside the cavity. In this way, information on the height or thickness of the food may be obtained through the distance sensor disposed in the casing, and the distance sensor may ensure an accurate measurement angle at the upper portion of the casing.

Abstract: In a driving video recording system and a manufacturing method of the same, the driving video recording system includes a camera module for monitoring the surroundings of a vehicle; then first memory for storing a video transmitted from the camera module; the second memory for storing a computer program for controlling the storage of the video; and a controller including a processor for executing the computer program, wherein the computer program includes a contamination classification deep training network model, and the processor is configured to determine whether video data obtained by the camera module through the deep-learning network model is contaminated through the execution of the computer program.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an insulating layer, a circuit pattern on the insulating layer, and a surface treatment layer on the circuit pattern. The surface treatment layer includes a bottom surface having a width wider than a width of a top surface of the circuit pattern.