Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a first feed line and a second feed line spaced apart from each other, a ground plane surrounding a portion of each of the first and second feed lines, a first end-fire antenna pattern and a second end-fire antenna pattern having different sizes spaced apart from each other, spaced apart from the ground plane, and respectively electrically connected to the first and second feed lines, and a first feed via and a second feed via respectively electrically connecting the first and second feed lines to the first and second end-fire antenna patterns. The first feed via extends away from the first feed line in one direction, and the second feed via extends away from the second feed line in another direction different from the one direction.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node comprises: receiving a first frame from a second communication node; obtaining a destination address of the first frame; and transmitting a second frame including an indicator for indicating an occurrence of an error in the first frame to a communication node corresponding to a source address of the first frame, when a port corresponding to the destination address does not exist in a routing table.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a substrate treatment apparatus includes a chamber member including a treatment space in which a substrate is to be treated, a substrate support unit installed in the treatment space and supporting a substrate, a chemical ejection unit connected to the chamber member and ejecting a chemical fluid to the substrate support unit, and a steam supply unit connected to the chamber member and supplying steam to the chamber member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for precisely monitoring warpage deformation of a substrate. The apparatus includes a sensing unit and a processor. The sensing unit is removably mounted on the substrate and detects information on the warpage deformation of the substrate during a treatment process performed on the substrate. The processor generates warpage state information on the basis of the warpage information detected by the sensing unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density ethylene-based polymer comprising an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of an ?-olefin, a cyclic olefin, and a straight, branched and cyclic diene. According to the present invention, the high-density polyethylene resin has a wide molecular weight distribution and excellent comonomer distribution characteristics, has excellent melt flowability due to a long chain branched structure, and has excellent mechanical characteristics since the comonomer distribution is concentrated in a high-molecular-weight body. The high-density ethylene polymer of the present invention has excellent molding processability during processing such as extrusion, compression, injection and rotational molding by having excellent mechanical characteristics and melt flowability.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in a vehicle network may comprise performing a transition of an operation mode of the communication node from a sleep mode to a normal mode when a predetermined event is detected; transmitting a wake-up signal when the operation mode transitions from the sleep mode to the normal mode; generating a network management (NM) message including information indicating a wake-up reason corresponding to the wake-up signal; and transmitting the NM message.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in a vehicle network may include detecting a local event; transitioning an operation mode of the communication node from a sleep mode to a normal mode when the local event is detected; generating a wake-up signal including a wake-up pattern corresponding to the local event; and transmitting the wake-up signal.

Abstract: A high-density ethylene-based polymer is provided. The high-density ethylene-based polymer contains an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of an ?-olefin, a cyclic olefin, and a straight, branched and cyclic diene. The high-density polyethylene resin has a wide molecular weight distribution and excellent comonomer distribution characteristics, has excellent melt flowability due to a long chain branched structure, and has excellent mechanical characteristics since the comonomer distribution is concentrated in a high-molecular-weight body. The high-density ethylene polymer has excellent molding processability during processing such as extrusion, compression, injection and rotational molding by having excellent mechanical characteristics and melt flowability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density ethylene-based polymer comprising: an ethylene homopolymer; or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of ?-olefins, cyclic olefins and linear, branched and cyclic dienes. According to the present invention, the high-density ethylene-based polymer has a wide molecular weight distribution and excellent comonomer distribution characteristics, has excellent melt flowability due to a long chain branched structure, and has excellent mechanical characteristics since the comonomer distribution is concentrated in a high-molecular-weight body. The high-density ethylene polymer of the present invention has excellent molding processability during processing such as extrusion, compression, injection and rotational molding by having excellent mechanical characteristics and melt flowability.

Abstract: A method of configuring an in-vehicle network includes: receiving a first wake-up signal from a first controller among a plurality of controllers in a sleep mode by an Ethernet switch; activating the Ethernet switch according to the wake-up signal; determining a routing port according to a destination address of the Ethernet data received from the first controller; and transmitting a second wake-up signal of a second controller among the plurality of controllers through a physical-layer processing device included in the Ethernet switch corresponding to the determined routing port.

Abstract: Provided are an ethylene-based polymer having excellent long-term pressure resistance characteristics and a pipe using the ethylene-based polymer. The ethylene-based polymer satisfies the balance of mechanical characteristics and excellent molding processability, as compared with a conventional ethylene-based polymer. Also provided are an ethylene-based polymer having a wide molecular weight distribution and a small lamellar thickness, thereby increasing tie molecules and obtaining excellent long-term pressure resistance characteristics, and a pipe using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are power supply methods in a power over data lines (PoDL) system for a vehicle network. An operation method of a power sourcing equipment (PSE) for power supply to a powered device (PD) comprises measuring an input voltage applied to the PSE; detecting a low voltage state in which the input voltage is lower than a low voltage detection reference voltage; determining whether the low voltage state is a transient voltage drop state; and entering a settle-sleep step when the low voltage state is not the transient voltage drop state, and stopping the power supply between the PSE and the PD while maintaining a link between the PSE and the PD when the low voltage state is the transient voltage drop state.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a first feed line and a second feed line spaced apart from each other, a ground plane surrounding a portion of each of the first and second feed lines, a first end-fire antenna pattern and a second end-fire antenna pattern having different sizes spaced apart from each other, spaced apart from the ground plane, and respectively electrically connected to the first and second feed lines, and a first feed via and a second feed via respectively electrically connecting the first and second feed lines to the first and second end-fire antenna patterns. The first feed via extends away from the first feed line in one direction, and the second feed via extends away from the second feed line in another direction different from the one direction.

Abstract: A diagnostic method performed by a first communication node among a plurality of communication nodes in a vehicle network may include generating a diagnostic initiation message indicating that a first diagnostic procedure by an external diagnostic apparatus is to be performed upon detecting that the external diagnostic apparatus is connected to the first communication node; transmitting the diagnostic initiation message in a broadcast manner in the vehicle network; receiving a negative response message as a response to the diagnostic initiation message from a second communication node among the plurality of communication nodes, the negative response message indicating the second communication node operating as an internal diagnostic apparatus; and performing the first diagnostic procedure after a time indicated by the negative response message.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node operating as a current reference grand master (GM) node in a vehicle network may comprise: transmitting a first synchronization message including a first reference time of the first communication node; receiving a first response message from a second communication node, the first response message including a first synchronization offset indicating a difference between a first local time of the second communication node and the first reference time; receiving a second response message from the second communication node, the second response message including a second synchronization offset indicating a difference between the first local time and a second reference time of a third communication node operating as a GM node; and determining the first communication node or the third communication node as a first reference GM node based on a result of comparison between the first synchronization offset and the second synchronization offset.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in a vehicle network may include detecting a local event; transitioning an operation mode of the communication node from a sleep mode to a normal mode when the local event is detected; generating a wake-up signal including a wake-up pattern corresponding to the local event; and transmitting the wake-up signal.

Abstract: An operation method of a first end node of an Ethernet-based vehicle network is provided. The operation method includes detecting a local event and transitioning an operation state of a physical layer (PHY) of the first end node from a sleep state to a wake-up state. A pseudo PHY identifier (ID) is configured as a PHY ID of the first end node in response to the first end node operating in the wake-up state. A first beacon including the pseudo PHY ID is then transmitted and the first beacon indicates that the first end node operates in the wake-up state.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node among a plurality of communication nodes included in an Ethernet-based vehicle network includes: receiving a first message indicating an operation of a first function of a vehicle from a second communication node among the plurality of communication nodes; determining a third communication node performing a second function corresponding to the first function among the plurality of communication nodes; determining at least one communication node providing data related to the second function among the plurality of communication nodes; and configuring port mirroring for the first function such that a second message received from the at least one communication node is mirrored to the third communication node.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in a vehicle network may include detecting a local event; transitioning an operation mode of the communication node from a sleep mode to a normal mode when the local event is detected; generating a wake-up signal including a wake-up pattern corresponding to the local event; and transmitting the wake-up signal.

Abstract: A method for operating a first communication node connected to an in-vehicle network is provided. The method comprises generating a header including a count field indicating a wraparound count for a presentation time of contents and a timestamp field indicating the presentation time, generating a payload field including the contents, and transmitting a frame including the header and the payload field to a second communication node connected to the in-vehicle network.