Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate; first and second active patterns on the substrate, extending in a first direction and spaced apart in a second direction; gate electrodes on the first and second active patterns and extending in the second direction; a first gate separation structure between the first and second active patterns, extending in the first direction, and separating the gate electrodes; and a first element separation structure between the gate electrodes, extending in the second direction, and separating the second active pattern, wherein a distance to a first side of a first portion of the first gate separation structure is smaller than a distance to the first side of a second portion of the first gate separation structure, and a distance to the second side of the first portion is smaller than a distance from the second active pattern to the second side of the second portion.

Abstract: A selector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an ion supply layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to be on the side of the first electrode and doped with a metal, wherein the doped metal diffuses toward the second electrode; a switching layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to be on the side of the second electrode, wherein the doped metal diffuses from the ion supply layer into the switching layer so that metal concentration distribution inside the switching layer is changed to generate metal filaments; and a diffusion control layer inserted between the ion supply layer and the switching layer, wherein the diffusion control layer serves to adjust electrical characteristics related to the generated metal filaments as the amount of the diffusing metal is adjusted in proportion to a thickness of the diffusion control layer.

Abstract: A suspension apparatus for a vehicle may include: a lower arm having a fastening hole formed therein; and a lower pad mounted on the lower arm, wherein the lower pad comprises: a pad body disposed on the lower arm, and configured to buffer shock; and an insertion protrusion protruding from the pad body, and inserted into the fastening hole, wherein the fastening hole and the insertion protrusion each have an angular shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

Abstract: A lower cross member for a vehicle is disposed on a floor of a vehicle. The lower cross member includes a core member and a reinforcing layer. The core member is made of a composite material containing 70 wt. % or more of unidirectional carbon fibers, and the reinforcing layer is made of a composite material containing 70 wt. % or more of fiberglass.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes: a fin-type active area protruding from a substrate and extending in a first horizontal direction; a first nanosheet disposed above an upper surface of the fin-type active area with a first separation space therebetween; a second nanosheet disposed above the first nanosheet with a second separation space therebetween; a gate line extending on the substrate in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, at least a portion of the gate line being disposed in the second separation space; and a bottom insulation structure disposed in the first separation space.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate comprising an active area and a non-active area a first data conductive layer disposed on the substrate and including signal wires connected to pixels, a first insulating layer disposed on the first data conductive layer, a second data conductive layer disposed on the first insulating layer and including a connection wire connected to some of the signal wires and dummy wiring patterns disconnected the signal wires, a second insulating layer disposed on the second data conductive layer and a pixel electrode disposed on the second insulating layer. The dummy wiring patterns are separated from one another at a disconnection, the second insulating layer includes a second portion disposed on the disconnection and a third portion disposed on at least a portion of the connection wire, and thicknesses thereof are different from each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an atomic layer deposition apparatus, and more particularly, to an atomic layer deposition apparatus for depositing an atomic layer on a flexible substrate.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices include a first active pattern including a first lower pattern extending in a first direction and a first sheet pattern spaced apart from the first lower pattern; and a first gate electrode on the first lower pattern, the first gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction and surrounding the first sheet pattern, wherein the first lower pattern includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to each other, each of the first sidewall of the first lower pattern and the second sidewall of the first lower pattern extends in the first direction, the first gate electrode overlaps the first sidewall of the first lower pattern in the second direction by a first depth, the first gate electrode overlaps the second sidewall of the first lower pattern in the second direction by a second depth, and the first depth is different from the second depth.

Abstract: A method of determining a highlight section of a sound source includes obtaining a sound source and classification information of the sound source, and learning a neural network by using the sound source and the classification information. The neural network includes an input layer including a node corresponding to a feature value of each of a plurality of sections obtained by splitting the sound source according to a time axis, an output layer including a node corresponding to the classification information, a hidden layer defined between the input layer and the output layer, a first function between the input layer and the hidden layer, and a second function between the hidden layer and the output layer, wherein the first function includes an attention model for calculating a weighted sum of the feature value of each section. The highlight section of the sound source is determined based on weight information of a feature value node of each section included in the first function.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an inhibitor integrated actuator shift control device capable of controlling a position of a gear shift by improving control performance and durability through position control of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor by an inductive sensor, forming a metallic uneven portion on an output shaft flange part of a reducer, and detecting a variation amount in induced current due to the metallic uneven portion.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes: a fin-type active area protruding from a substrate and extending in a first horizontal direction; a first nanosheet disposed above an upper surface of the fin-type active area with a first separation space therebetween; a second nanosheet disposed above the first nanosheet with a second separation space therebetween; a gate line extending on the substrate in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, at least a portion of the gate line being disposed in the second separation space; and a bottom insulation structure disposed in the first separation space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

Abstract: Disclosed are an end plate that maintains the flatness of a fuel cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells so that a uniform surface pressure is maintained, a fastening bar, and the fuel cell stack including the same. The fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells, an end plate for the fuel cell stack is disposed on both side surfaces of the fuel cell stack to maintain the flatness of the fuel cell stack so that the uniform surface pressure is maintained, and a fastening bar is disposed outside the fuel cell stack has both ends coupled to the end plate for the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first PMOS transistor, a first NMOS transistor, and a second NMOS transistor connected to an output node of the first PMOS and NMOS transistors. The first PMOS transistor includes first nanowires, first source and drain regions on opposite sides of each first nanowire, and a first gate completely surrounding each first nanowire. The first NMOS transistor includes second nanowires, second source and drain regions on opposite sides of each second nanowire, and a second gate extending from the first gate and completely surrounding each second nanowire. The second NMOS transistor includes third nanowires, third source and drain regions on opposite sides of each third nanowire, and a third gate, separated from the first and second gates, and completely surrounding each third nanowire. A number of third nanowires is greater than that of first nanowires. The first and second gates share respective first and second nanowires.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gel polymer electrolyte for a lithium-air battery containing a zwitterion salt in a specific amount and to a lithium-air battery including the same and thus having a prolonged battery lifetime, thereby suppressing volatilization of the electrolyte and imparting the lithium-air battery with interfacial stability by inhibiting the formation of dendrites at a lithium anode and suppressing side reactions between the lithium anode and the liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the use of the zwitterion salt can improve the lithium-ion transference number, thereby increasing the lifetime of the battery.

Abstract: A separator for a lithium-ion battery contains an organic substrate coated with a coating layer, containing a binder and alumina particles. The alumina particles are surface treated with a silane of general formula (I) or (Ia). A method can be used for synthesis of the separator, which can be used in lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a device region defined by a trench in the substrate. The semiconductor device includes a plurality of fin-shaped active regions spaced apart from each other in the device region and extending in a first direction. The semiconductor device includes a protruding pattern extending along a bottom surface of the trench. Moreover, an interval between the protruding pattern and the plurality of fin-shaped active regions is greater than an interval between two adjacent ones of the plurality of fin-shaped active regions.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes a substrate and a thin film transistor disposed on a surface of the substrate. The thin film transistor includes a semiconductor, a source electrode, and a drain electrode that are disposed on a same layer as one another. The semiconductor is between the source electrode and the drain electrode. The thin film transistor array panel further includes a buffer layer disposed between the semiconductor and the substrate and including an inorganic insulating material. The first edge of the buffer layer is substantially parallel to an adjacent edge of the semiconductor, a second edge of the buffer layer is substantially parallel to an adjacent edge of the source electrode, and a third edge of the buffer layer is substantially parallel to an adjacent edge of the drain electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a main portion, a first bent portion and a second bent portion each extending from the main portion, and a corner portion which connects the first bent portion and the second bent portion to each other and is bendable relative to the main portion.