Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods by which lead from spent lead-acid batteries may be extracted, purified, and used in the construction of new lead-acid batteries. A method includes forming a first mixture in a first vessel, wherein the first mixture includes a lead-bearing material and a carboxylate source, which react to precipitate lead salt particles. The method includes separating a portion of the first mixture from a remainder of the first mixture, wherein the portion includes lead salt particles having specific densities below a specific density threshold value and/or having particle sizes below a particle size threshold value. The method includes forming a second mixture in a second vessel, wherein the second mixture includes the lead salt particles from the separated portion of the first mixture. The method further includes separating the lead salt particles of the second mixture from a liquid component of the second mixture.

Abstract: An electrical storage device includes high surface area fibers (e.g., shaped fibers and/or microfibers) coated with carbon (graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanofibers, CNT, or graphite coated CNT), electrolyte, and/or electrode active material (e.g., lead oxide) in electrodes. The electrodes are used to form electrical storage devices such as electrochemical batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors, and asymmetrical capacitors.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to systems and methods for selectively separating and separately processing portions of lead-acid batteries to improve efficiency and reduce costs. A lead-acid battery processing system includes an imaging system configured to perform imaging of a lead-acid battery and perform image analysis to determine a break point that divides top lead from a remainder of the lead content of the lead-acid battery. The system also includes a battery breaking device configured to break the lead-acid battery at the determined break point and separate the lead-acid battery into a first portion, which includes the top lead, from a second portion, which includes the remainder of the lead content, for separate processing of the first and second portions of the lead-acid battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods by which lead from spent lead-acid batteries may be extracted, purified, and used in the construction of new lead-acid batteries. A method includes forming a first mixture in a first vessel, wherein the first mixture includes a lead-bearing material and a carboxylate source, which react to precipitate lead salt particles. The method includes separating a portion of the first mixture from a remainder of the first mixture, wherein the portion includes lead salt particles having specific densities below a specific density threshold value and/or having particle sizes below a particle size threshold value. The method includes forming a second mixture in a second vessel, wherein the second mixture includes the lead salt particles from the separated portion of the first mixture. The method further includes separating the lead salt particles of the second mixture from a liquid component of the second mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to purifying and recycling the lead content from lead-acid batteries. A system includes a reactor that receives and mixes a lead-bearing material waste, a carboxylate source, and a recycled liquid component to form a leaching mixture yielding a lead salt precipitate. The system also includes a phase separation device coupled to the reactor, wherein the phase separation device isolates the lead salt precipitate from a liquid component of the leaching mixture. The system further includes a closed-loop liquid recycling system coupled to the phase separation device and to the reactor, wherein the closed-loop liquid recycling system receives the liquid component isolated by the phase separation device and recycles a substantial portion of the received liquid component back to the reactor as the recycled liquid component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a battery (10) filled with a liquid electrolyte (2, 11), wherein the battery (10) comprises a housing (1) having a top side (3) lying at the top in the normal operation of the battery (10) and a bottom side (4) opposite the top side (3), wherein battery electrodes (6) are arranged in the housing (1) and the housing (1) has at least one filling opening (5) for the liquid electrolyte (2, 11), which filling opening is arranged on the top side (3) of the housing (1) or at least above the center of the housing (1), characterized in that liquid electrolyte (2, 11) is fed through the at least one filling opening (5) in such a way that the topmost point (16) of the battery electrodes (6) with respect to the direction of action of gravity is not completely covered with the liquid electrolyte (2, 11) at any time during the process of filling the battery with liquid electrolyte (2, 11).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a recyclable product (1, 8, 9) made from a first material, wherein before or during the production of the product (1, 8, 9) a first marking material is added to the first material and the product (1, 8, 9) is produced from the first material with the admixed marking material, wherein the first marking material can be automatically detected in a recycling plant in the first material of the product (1, 8, 9) after the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing plug arrangement (1, 2) for a battery, wherein the sealing plug arrangement comprises at least one plug part (1) and a plug retainer (2), and the plug retainer (2) has a hollow area (4) for accommodating at least one retaining section of the plug part (1), wherein the plug part (1) is designed to seal off at least one interior (73, 74) of the battery from the environment when the plug part is installed in the hollow area (4) of the plug retainer (2). Proceeding from this, an improved sealing plug arrangement is specified that can be realized at low cost and that is reliable. For this purpose, the plug retainer (2) comprises at least one flow channel (6) on the inside of the plug retainer in the hollow area (4), which flow channel extends at least along the area in which the plug part (1) is retained in the plug retainer (2) when the plug part is installed in the hollow area (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing plug arrangement (1, 2) for a battery, wherein the sealing plug arrangement comprises at least one plug part (1) and a plug retainer (2), and the plug retainer (2) has a hollow area (4) for accommodating at least one retaining section of the plug part (1), wherein the plug part (1) is designed to seal off at least one interior (73, 74) of the battery from the environment when the plug part is installed in the hollow area (4) of the plug retainer (2). Proceeding from this, an improved sealing plug arrangement is specified that can be realized at low cost and that is reliable. For this purpose, the plug retainer (2) comprises at least one flow channel (6) on the inside of the plug retainer in the hollow area (4), which flow channel extends at least along the area in which the plug part (1) is retained in the plug retainer (2) when the plug part is installed in the hollow area (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a linear drive having a stationary active unit (1), a stationary return flow element (11), a movably mounted passive unit in the form of a thin tooth rack (10) and a bearing unit (15), which allows the relative movement between the active unit and the passive unit. A lateral guidance plate (30) is attached to the tooth rack (10), extends at an angle with respect to the plane of the tooth rack (10) into a guide gap (31) and is guided there, the guide map (31) running in the return flow element (11) or in the active unit (1).

Abstract: A method for determining the state of a battery includes receiving measurements representative of at least one of a battery terminal voltage and a battery terminal current from a first unit and using a second unit to determine at least one characteristic variable for a battery state from at least one of the measured battery terminal voltage and the measured battery current. The method also includes using a microprocessor to statistically assess the at least one characteristic variable for the battery state by performing a statistical process check. The method further includes defining an observation window for the at least one characteristic variable within which the at least one characteristic variable is assumed to be steady-state and identifying an implausible value, which is not caused by the battery, for the at least one characteristic variable if the scatter of the at least one characteristic variable exceeds a defined scatter limit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a linear drive having a stationary active unit (1), a stationary return flow element (11), a movably mounted passive unit in the form of a thin tooth rack (10) and a bearing unit (15), which allows the relative movement between the active unit and the passive unit. A laternal guidance plate (30) is attached to the tooth rack (10), extends at an angle with respect to the plane of the tooth rack (10) into a guide gap (31) and is guided there, the guide map (31) running in the return flow element (11) or in the active unit (1).

Abstract: A method for determining at least one characteristic variable for the state of a battery includes: (a) determining the charge throughput of the battery per time step; having, (b) determining a first characteristic figure in order to describe the stratification of the electrolyte concentration in the battery on the basis of a defined initial state for an as-new battery, and of a second characteristic figure in order to describe the stratification of the state of charge in the battery on the basis of a defined initial value for an as-new battery during operation of the battery, in which (c) in each time step, the first characteristic figure and the second characteristic figure are adapted as a function of the charge throughput from the instantaneous state of the battery, and at least one characteristic variable is determined from the first and the second characteristic figure.

Abstract: A method for battery state determination includes statistically assessing at least one determined characteristic variable for the battery state by means of a statistical process check.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of charge (SOC) characteristic variable for a storage battery including determining a first SOC value and a second SOC value. The method further including determining changes in the first and second SOC values. These changes in the first and second SOC values are measured between a first operating time and a second operating time. The method also including determining a characteristic variable relating to the state of charge as a function of the change in the first and second SOC values.

Abstract: A method for prediction of electrical characteristics of an electrochemical storage battery and includes determining a functional relationship between a state of charge value which is related to a first parameter for a storage battery and a second state of charge value which is related to a second parameter for the storage battery for a second phase of use of the storage battery. The method also includes determining at least one characteristic variable from the reference of the functional relationship for the second phase to a state characteristic variable profile for a previous first phase of use of the storage battery. The method further includes predicting electrical characteristics of the storage battery utilizing a functional relationship between the characteristic variable and the electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A method for determining the wear to an electrochemical energy store and an electrochemical energy store allows for continuously determining the amounts of charge (qL) converted during charging cycles of the energy store and calculating a wear variable (Qv) which characterizes the wear as a function of the determined converted amount of charge (qL).

Abstract: A method for determining the wear to a storage battery by monitoring the state of charge of the storage battery includes identifying a plurality of deep discharge events when a state of charge value for the storage battery is less than a minimum state of charge value specified for the storage battery. The method also includes determining the duration of the plurality of deep discharge events and determining a wear variable which characterizes the wear as a function of the total number and the total duration of the plurality of deep discharge events. The wear variable increases as the total number and the total duration of the deep discharge events increases. A monitoring device comprising a measurement unit and an evaluation unit that is configured to use the method may be provided. A computer program having computer program means designed to carry out the method may also be provided.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of charge which can be drawn from a storage battery includes determining a response signal profile within a time interval to an electrical stimulus to the storage battery. The method also includes linearizing the response signal profile and determining the amount of charge which can be drawn as a function of a degree of change of the linearized response signal profile in the time interval. A monitoring device for a storage battery is provided that includes measurement means for measuring at least one of voltage and current of the storage battery over time intervals. The monitoring device also includes evaluations means that are designed for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one characteristic variable for the state of a battery includes: (a) determining the charge throughput of the battery per time step; comprising, (b) determining a first characteristic figure in order to describe the stratification of the electrolyte concentration in the battery on the basis of a defined initial state for an as-new battery, and of a second characteristic figure in order to describe the stratification of the state of charge in the battery on the basis of a defined initial value for an as-new battery during operation of the battery, in which (c) in each time step, the first characteristic figure and the second characteristic figure are adapted as a function of the charge throughput from the instantaneous state of the battery, and at least one characteristic variable is determined from the first and the second characteristic figure.