Abstract: A monobloc battery including a plurality of interconnected electrochemical cells formed from electrodes and electrolyte and having end poles, wherein distances between selected cells and the end poles and, optionally, distances between the selected cells, are set such that no voltages of more than about 30V occur between the distances under normal operating conditions of the monobloc battery, and at least one gas collecting line connected to selected cells and located to collect explosive gas mixtures, if any, generated by the cells, the gas collecting line being substantially electrically insulating and, in at least one area, having a lining composed of an electron-conductive material electrically conductively contacting the electrodes or the electrolyte in an individual cell.

Abstract: A method for predicting the loading capability of an accumulator by measuring the current I, voltage U and temperature T of the accumulator, and comparing the measured values with the corresponding values of the response of an equivalent circuit diagram of the accumulator, the parameters of the components of the equivalent circuit diagram and the state variables are varied so that a match with the measured values is obtain. The loading capability is deduced from the matched parameters and state variables determined in this way. The equivalent circuit diagram has the form -Uo-R-CS- and the input voltage U? of the equivalent circuit diagram is a voltage that is corrected with respect to the measured battery voltage U, the correction function containing as variables only the current I, the voltage U and the temperature T and as a nonlinear term a logarithmic dependency on I. By using the equivalent circuit diagram, the instantaneous loading capability, i.e.

Abstract: A method for determining a characteristic variable which relates to the state of charge (SOC) of a storage battery includes determining a first state of charge value which relates to a first parameter for a first operating time and for a second operating time and determining a second state of charge value which relates to a second parameter for the first operating time and for the second operating time. The method also includes determining a first state of charge change of the first state of charge value from the first operating time to the second operating time and determining a second state of charge change of the second state of charge value from the first operating time to the second operating time. The method also includes determining a characteristic variable which relates to the state of charge as a function of the first state of charge change and of the second state of charge change.

Abstract: A method for prediction of electrical characteristics of an electrochemical storage battery and includes determining a functional relationship between a state of charge value which is related to a first parameter for a storage battery and a second state of charge value which is related to a second parameter for the storage battery for a second phase of use of the storage battery. The method also includes determining at least one characteristic variable from the reference of the functional relationship for the second phase to a state characteristic variable profile for a previous first phase of use of the storage battery. The method further includes predicting electrical characteristics of the storage battery utilizing a functional relationship between the characteristic variable and the electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of charge which can still be drawn from an energy storage battery includes measuring current values and voltage values at at least two times in a voltage response of the energy storage battery to at least one current pulse, with one voltage/current value pair being obtained for each of the at least two times. The method also includes calculating a resistance difference characteristic variable utilizing the measured voltage/current value pairs. The method also includes determining of the amount of charge which can still be drawn from the energy storage battery utilizing the resistance difference characteristic variable. An energy storage battery having measurement means and processor-controlled evaluation means may be provided for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method for determining the wear to a storage battery by monitoring the state of charge of the storage battery includes identifying a plurality of deep discharge events when a state of charge value for the storage battery is less than a minimum state of charge value specified for the storage battery. The method also includes determining the duration of the plurality of deep discharge events and determining a wear variable which characterizes the wear as a function of the total number and the total duration of the plurality of deep discharge events. The wear variable increases as the total number and the total duration of the deep discharge events increases. A monitoring device comprising a measurement unit and an evaluation unit that is configured to use the method may be provided. A computer program having computer program means designed to carry out the method may also be provided.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of charge which can still be drawn from an energy storage battery includes measuring current values and voltage values at at least two times in a voltage response of the energy storage battery to at least one current pulse, with one voltage/current value pair being obtained for each of the at least two times. The method also includes calculating a resistance difference characteristic variable utilizing the measured voltage/current value pairs. The method also includes determining of the amount of charge which can still be drawn from the energy storage battery utilizing the resistance difference characteristic variable. An energy storage battery having measurement means and processor-controlled evaluation means may be provided for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method for determining the wear to an electrochemical energy store includes determining the temperature of a battery and determining a wear variable over time as a function of the battery temperature. The wear variable is determined as a sum of temperature-dependent wear contributions over time, with the values of the wear contributions rising more than proportionally as the battery temperature rises. An energy store such as a battery or a system provided with an energy store includes a temperature measurement device or means and a computation device or means configured to calculate a wear variable in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of charge which can be drawn from a storage battery includes determining a response signal profile within a time interval to an electrical stimulus to the storage battery. The method also includes linearizing the response signal profile and determining the amount of charge which can be drawn as a function of a degree of change of the linearized response signal profile in the time interval. A monitoring device for a storage battery is provided that includes measurement means for measuring at least one of voltage and current of the storage battery over time intervals. The monitoring device also includes evaluations means that are designed for carrying out the method.

Abstract: In a method for predicting the equilibrated open-circuit voltage of an electrochemical energy store by measuring the voltage settling response Uo(t) in a load-free period, a formulaic relationship between the equilibrated open-circuit voltage Uoo and the decaying voltage Uo(t) of the form Uoo=Uo(t)−w*ln(t)−w*F(T) is used, the prefactor w being the experimentally determined slope of the dependency of Uo on ln(t) at the time t, w=−(uo(t2)−Uo(t1))/ln(t2/t1), and Uo(t1) being the unloaded voltage Uo at the time t1 and Uo(t2) being the unloaded voltage Uo at the later time t2>t1, and F(T) being a function which depends only on the absolute temperature T of the energy store. The function F(T) has the general form F(T)=(K|E/T)/(1+q*w)/f(T), K, E and q being experimentally determined constants, T being the absolute temperature in kelvin, and f(T) being a function which contains only the absolute temperature T as a free parameter.

Abstract: A method for determining the wear to an electrochemical energy store and an electrochemical energy store allows for continuously determining the amounts of charge (qL) converted during charging cycles of the energy store and calculating a wear variable (Qv) which characterizes the wear as a function of the determined converted amount of charge (qL).

Abstract: In a method for controlling a plurality of electrical loads operated at the same time by a current source using a clocked or pulsed operating current, the instant and/or duration of pulse driving for the operating current of at least one load are synchronized to the operation of the other loads in such a way, and are matched to one another such, that the sum of the currents flowing to supply the loads assumes as constant a value as possible, and both the fluctuations and the rates of change in the sum of the currents flowing to supply the loads are minimized. The clocking or pulsing of the operating current of the electrical loads sets a partial load state for the load, or the load is operated from a power supply having a higher voltage than the rated operating voltage of the load.

Abstract: A method for determining performance of a storage battery including evaluating a time profile of voltage drop in the storage battery by application of a heavy current load, determining a voltage A from voltage response U(t) of the storage battery after switching on the heavy current load, determining a state value A1 from the voltage value A, battery temperature TBAT and state of charge SOC, comparing state value A1 with a preset value A1x which depends at least on associated battery temperature (TBAT) and associated state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery, wherein the present value A1x is calculated from comparison values A1T which are determined from the state values A1 for previous heavy current loads applied to the storage battery, and determining performance of the storage battery from the difference between the present value A1x and the state value A1.

Abstract: A monobloc battery including a plurality of interconnected electrochemical cells formed from electrodes and electrolyte and having end poles, wherein distances between selected cells and the end poles and, optionally, distances between the selected cells, are set such that no voltages of more than about 30V occur between the distances under normal operating conditions of the monobloc battery, and at least one gas collecting line connected to selected cells and located to collect explosive gas mixtures, if any, generated by the cells, the gas collecting line being substantially electrically insulating and, in at least one area, having a lining composed of an electron-conductive material electrically conductively contacting the electrodes or the electrolyte in an individual cell.

Abstract: In a method for predicting the equilibrated open-circuit voltage of an electrochemical energy store by measuring the voltage settling response Uo(t) in a load-free period, a formulaic relationship between the equilibrated open-circuit voltage Uoo and the decaying voltage Uo(t) of the form Uoo=Uo(t)−w*ln(t)−w*F(T) is used, the prefactor w being the experimentally determined slope of the dependency of Uo on ln(t) at the time t, w=−(uo(t2)−Uo(t1))/ln(t2/t1), and Uo(t1) being the unloaded voltage Uo at the time t1 and Uo(t2) being the unloaded voltage Uo at the later time t2>t1, and F(T) being a function which depends only on the absolute temperature T of the energy store. The function F(T) has the general form F(T)=(K|E/T)/(1+q*w)/f(T), K, E and q being experimentally determined constants, T being the absolute temperature in kelvin, and f(T) being a function which contains only the absolute temperature T as a free parameter.

Abstract: A method for predicting the loading capability of an accumulator by measuring the current I, voltage U and temperature T of the accumulator, and comparing the measured values with the corresponding values of the response of an equivalent circuit diagram of the accumulator, the parameters of the components of the equivalent circuit diagram and the state variables are varied so that a match with the measured values is obtain. The loading capability is deduced from the matched parameters and state variables determined in this way. The equivalent circuit diagram has the form -Uo-R-CS- and the input voltage U′ of the equivalent circuit diagram is a voltage that is corrected with respect to the measured battery voltage U, the correction function containing as variables only the current I, the voltage U and the temperature T and as a nonlinear term a logarithmic dependency on I. By using the equivalent circuit diagram, the instantaneous loading capability, i.e.

Abstract: A method for measuring fitness for use of a storage battery subject to electric loading including determining a load profile (current profile I(t) or power profile P(t)) as a function of time t, for the storage battery, recording an actual voltage response U(t) of the storage battery to the load profile or calculating a voltage response U(t) of the storage battery to the load profile, and determining a fitness for use value SOH for the storage battery based on the difference between a lowest (highest) voltage value Umin (Umax) during application of the load profile to the storage battery, and based on a voltage limiting value U1, wherein U1 is a voltage value which may not be undershot (overshot) by the voltage U(t) at any time t during which the load profile is applied to the storage battery.

Abstract: A method for determining performance of a storage battery including evaluating a time profile of voltage drop in the storage battery by application of a heavy current load, determining a voltage A from voltage response U(t) of the storage battery after switching on the heavy current load, determining a state value A1 from the voltage value A, battery temperature TBAT and state of charge SOC, comparing state value A1 with a preset value A1x which depends at least on associated battery temperature (TBAT) and associated state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery, wherein the present value A1x is calculated from comparison values A1T which are determined from the state values A1 for previous heavy current loads applied to the storage battery, and determining performance of the storage battery from the difference between the present value A1x and the state value A1.

Abstract: A method for determining the state of charge of lead-acid rechargeable batteries comprising a) substantially simultaneously measuring measured-value pairs (Ui, Ii) of the rechargeable battery voltage and current flowing at time ti over time interval dt, b) selecting a group of said measured-value pairs (Ui, Ii) for which only a discharge current flowed in the last time interval dt, c) varying parameters Uo, R and C such that a residual sum of squares between values Ui given by formula (1) Ui=Uo−R*Ii+1/C∫Idt  (1) and measured values U(ti) is minimized, wherein Uo represents no-load voltage, R represents resistance and C represents capacitance, and d) calculating the state of charge of the rechargeable battery from the no load voltage obtained from formula (1).

Abstract: A method for determining the state of charge of a storage battery, wherein at least two methods of different approach for determining state of charge are simultaneously applied. The individually obtained results of the different methods are weighted in accordance with their respective reliability in the respective current or former operating situation of the storage battery, and the weighted mean value of the individual methods thus obtained is used as final output variable of the method and displayed. The voltage of the storage battery, the current flowing through it and its temperatures are measured, and the different methods use these input variables and variables derived from these input variables as final input variables. At least one of the different methods uses the integration of the current flowing through the storage battery to determine the changes in the charge content of the storage battery.