Abstract: An ultrasonic device includes a substrate that is provided with an opening and a partition wall surrounding the opening, a vibration portion that closes one end side of the opening, and a piezoelectric element that is provided in the vibration portion, in which, in a case where an opening width dimension of the opening is indicated by W, and a thickness dimension of the substrate is indicated by H, a ratio W/H is 0.66 to 0.92.

Abstract: A vibrating plate is provided between a substrate and a piezoelectric element formed of electrodes and a piezoelectric layer and includes a first layer which is formed of a silicon oxide and a second layer which is formed of a ceramic having a Young's modulus larger than that of the silicon oxide. Under the condition in which the following expression (1) has a constant value, where in the expression (1), Ev1, dv1, Ev2, and dv2 represent Young's modulus of the first layer, the thickness thereof, Young's modulus of the second layer, and the thickness thereof, Ev1×dv12+Ev2×dv22??(1) when the combination of dv1 and dv2 which sets the value of the following expression (2) in a range of from the minimum value to +2% thereof is represented by (Dv1, Dv2), Ev1×dv13+Ev2×dv23??(2) the thickness of the first layer and the thickness of the second layer are represented by Dv1 and Dv2.

Abstract: An ultrasonic sensor includes a first base facing a conveying surface, a transmission section on a first axis tilted relative to the conveying surface and at a far side of the first base for transmitting an ultrasonic wave toward the first axis, and a reception section on the first axis and at a far side of the conveying surface for receiving the ultrasonic wave. The transmission section has a plurality of transmission elements for transmitting the ultrasonic wave arranged to cross the first axis. The first base has a first aperture through which the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission section along the first axis passes. An area of the first aperture is smaller than an area of an ultrasonic wave transmission surface of the transmission section. The transmission section delays driving the transmission elements to converge the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission section toward the first aperture.

Abstract: A multi-feed detection device includes a transmission circuit substrate to which an ultrasonic transmitter transmitting an ultrasonic wave is installed, and an ultrasonic receiver receiving the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic transmitter has arrayed ultrasonic transmission elements and transmits ultrasonic waves with different phases from the ultrasonic transmission elements to transmit the ultrasonic waves in a direction diagonally intersecting a thickness direction of the transmission circuit substrate.

Abstract: A multi-feed detection device includes a transmission circuit substrate on which an ultrasonic transmitter transmitting an ultrasonic wave is installed, and an ultrasonic receiver receiving the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic transmitter transmits the ultrasonic wave in a direction intersecting a thickness direction of the transmission circuit substrate and at least one of the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver has a plurality of ultrasonic elements.

Abstract: A multi-feed detection device includes a transmission circuit substrate on which an ultrasonic transmitter transmitting an ultrasonic wave is installed, and an ultrasonic receiver having a receiving surface which receives the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic transmitter transmits the ultrasonic wave in a direction intersecting a thickness direction of the transmission circuit substrate, and a cross-section of the ultrasonic wave orthogonal to an advancing direction of the ultrasonic wave is wider than the receiving surface seen from the advancing direction of the ultrasonic wave.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric element including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a driving system that drives the piezoelectric element by applying voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the driving system drives the piezoelectric element at a maximum voltage that is lower than a voltage at which a tunnel current or a Poole-Frenkel current starts to be generated in the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film includes a substrate having flexibility, and at least two piezoelectric elements provided to the substrate so as to be arranged at intervals of a first dimension along a first direction, the piezoelectric elements are each configured by stacking a first electrode film, a piezoelectric film made of an inorganic material, and a second electrode film along a thickness direction of the substrate, and an area between the piezoelectric elements adjacent to each other along the first direction forms a vibrational region which can be displaced in the thickness direction.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device includes: a vibration film provided with a vibration region that is vibratable by a vibration element; and a damper layer that is provided to cover the vibration region of the vibration film. The damper layer has a thickness dimension of 13 ?m or larger and 25 ?m or smaller.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device includes: a substrate provided with a first opening and a second opening; a support film that is provided on the substrate and blocks the first opening and the second opening; a transmitting piezoelectric film that is provided at a position of the support film which overlaps the first opening when viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate, and that is interposed between a pair of electrodes in the thickness direction of the substrate; and a receiving piezoelectric film that is provided at a position of the support film which overlaps the second opening when viewed in the thickness direction of the substrate, and that is interposed between a pair of electrodes in the thickness direction of the substrate. In the thickness direction of the substrate, a thickness dimension of the transmitting piezoelectric film is larger than a thickness dimension of the receiving piezoelectric film.

Abstract: The piezoelectric body is configured to have a layered structure such that a plurality of unit layers are stacked in a film thickness direction, and each of the unit layers is formed of a first layer on which the displacement is relatively easy to occur, and a second layer which has a high concentration of Zr as compared with the first layer. In addition, when composition ratio Ti/(Zr+Ti) of Zr to Ti in each of the first layer and the second layer is set as Cr1 and Cr2, the composition ratio of each layer is adjusted so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3): 0.41?Cr1?0.81??(1) 0.1?Cr1?Cr2?0.3??(2) Cr1>Cr2??(3).

Abstract: Among all the materials available on earth, diamond has demonstrated outstanding properties for general-purpose applications. Nevertheless, due to the total lack of processability, artificial diamonds have never captured large industrial markets for the recognized performance. However, theoretical chemists recently paid attention to an old but highly efficient way of producing new facets on gem diamonds by manual self-abrasion. They found by using molecular dynamics calculations that the rate-determining step in the self-abrasion sp3-sp2 order-disorder transition on the crystal surface. The product of such a transition is an amorphous layer, which chemically decomposes to produce a new facet. Taking advantage of the self-abrasion mechanism thus found, we designed a novel spheroidization method and experimental apparatuses, wherein the self-abrasion works preferentially on mechanically weak portions like vertices and edges but hardly on stronger surfaces.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device includes a substrate that is provided with an opening and a partition wall surrounding the opening, a vibration portion that closes one end side of the opening, and a piezoelectric element that is provided in the vibration portion, in which, in a case where an opening width dimension of the opening is indicated by W, and a thickness dimension of the substrate is indicated by H, a ratio W/H is 0.66 to 0.92.

Abstract: The piezoelectric body is configured to have a layered structure such that a plurality of unit layers are stacked in a film thickness direction, and each of the unit layers is formed of a first layer on which the displacement is relatively easy to occur, and a second layer which has a high concentration of Zr as compared with the first layer. In addition, when composition ratio Ti/(Zr+Ti) of Zr to Ti in each of the first layer and the second layer is set as Cr1 and Cr2, the composition ratio of each layer is adjusted so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3): 0.41?Cr1?0.81??(1) 0.1?Cr1?Cr2?0.3??(2) Cr1>Cr2??(3).

Abstract: A vibrating plate is provided between a substrate and a piezoelectric element formed of electrodes and a piezoelectric layer and includes a first layer which is formed of a silicon oxide and a second layer which is formed of a ceramic having a Young's modulus larger than that of the silicon oxide. Under the condition in which the following expression (1) has a constant value, where in the expression (1), Ev1, dv1, Ev2, and dv2 represent Young's modulus of the first layer, the thickness thereof, Young's modulus of the second layer, and the thickness thereof, Ev1×dv12+Ev2×dv22??(1) when the combination of dv1 and dv2 which sets the value of the following expression (2) in a range of from the minimum value to +2% thereof is represented by (Dv1, Dv2), Ev1×dv13+Ev2×dv23??(2) the thickness of the first layer and the thickness of the second layer are represented by Dv1 and Dv2.

Abstract: The piezoelectric body is configured to have a layered structure such that a plurality of unit layers are stacked in a film thickness direction, and each of the unit layers is formed of a first layer on which the displacement is relatively easy to occur, and a second layer which has a high concentration of Zr as compared with the first layer. In addition, when composition ratio Ti/(Zr+Ti) of Zr to Ti in each of the first layer and the second layer is set as Cr1 and Cr2, the composition ratio of each layer is adjusted so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3). 0.41?Cr1?0.81??(1) 0.1?Cr1?Cr2?0.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric element including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a driving system that drives the piezoelectric element by applying voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the driving system drives the piezoelectric element at a maximum voltage that is lower than a voltage at which a tunnel current or a Poole-Frenkel current starts to be generated in the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element provided with first electrodes, a piezoelectric body layer, and a second electrode including a first platinum layer and second platinum layer, in which the first platinum layer having compression stress is formed on the piezoelectric body layer, which is provided on the first electrodes, using a sputtering technique, and the second platinum layer having tensile stress, is formed on the first platinum layer using a sputtering technique with a lower sputtering power than that when the first platinum layer is formed.

Abstract: The piezoelectric body is configured to have a layered structure such that a plurality of unit layers are stacked in a film thickness direction, and each of the unit layers is formed of a first layer on which the displacement is relatively easy to occur, and a second layer which has a high concentration of Zr as compared with the first layer. In addition, when composition ratio Ti/(Zr+Ti) of Zr to Ti in each of the first layer and the second layer is set as Cr1 and Cr2, the composition ratio of each layer is adjusted so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3). 0.41?Cr1?0.81 ??(1) 0.1?Cr1?Cr2?0.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejecting head including a piezoelectric element which includes a piezoelectric layer and electrodes provided on the piezoelectric layer on an upper portion of a zirconium oxide layer, in which the zirconium oxide layer is formed of granular crystal grains.