Abstract: The present invention relates to a spoken dialog system and method based on dual dialog management using a hierarchical dialog task library that may increase reutilization of dialog knowledge by constructing and packaging the dialog knowledge based on a task unit having a hierarchical structure, and may construct and process the dialog knowledge using a dialog plan scheme about relationship therebetween by classifying the dialog knowledge based on a task unit to make design of a dialog service convenient, which is different from an existing spoken dialog system in which it is difficult to reuse dialog knowledge since a large amount of construction costs and time is required.

Abstract: An optical line terminal is provided which includes an upward band allocating unit configured to send an upward bandwidth allocation map to an optical network unit and to determine a sleep mode of the optical network unit according to whether a response message corresponding to the upward bandwidth allocation map is received; and an alarm unit configured to determine an upward bandwidth allocation map transfer operation as a normal operation according to an operation of the sleep mode.

Abstract: A sunlight coupler is provided, the sunlight coupler may include a beam integrator configured to concentrate beams of sunlight, which may be incident from a plurality of optical fibers, in the form of a single beam, a triplet lens focusing the concentrated beam on a specific position, and an optical fiber provided for transmission of the focused sunlight. The optical fiber may be a thermally-diffusion expand core fiber.

Abstract: Provided is a light emitting diode, including a sub-mount structure including a first substrate and electrode portions provided on the first substrate, and a light emitting structure mounted on the sub-mount structure to include a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. The electrode portions may include a first electrode portion and a second electrode portion connected to the first and second semiconductor layers, respectively, and each of the first and second electrode portions may include a first metal layer, a graphene layer, and a second metal layer sequentially provided on the first substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for analyzing a distribution of electromagnetic waves using a 4-port transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell in a radio wave system. The apparatus for analyzing a distribution of electromagnetic waves in a radio wave system includes: an input unit configured to apply a reference electrostatic potential to an inside of a 4-port transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell in which electronic devices are located; a calculation unit configured to calculate electrostatic potentials inside the 4-port TEM cell using a mode matching scheme; an analysis unit configured to analyze the distribution of electromagnetic waves inside the 4-port TEM cell through the electrostatic potentials inside the 4-port TEM cell; and an output unit configured to output the distribution of electromagnetic waves inside the 4-port TEM cell.

Abstract: The micro-miniature base station antenna with a dipole antenna includes a hexahedral cube with a cavity structure, a dielectric substrate that is disposed on an inner lower surface of the cube, four pairs of supporters that are connected to the dielectric substrate to be formed in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric substrate, a first power feeding unit that includes one side connected to the dielectric substrate and the other side having a curved shape, a second power feeding unit that includes one side connected to the dielectric substrate and the other side having a curved shape, and is formed in a direction crossing the first power feeding unit, and four emitters in which one of the four emitters is coupled to an upper surface of a single pair of supporters among the four pairs of supporters.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. The diagnosis apparatus may include a rod type image probe obtaining signals on a state of an olfactory epithelium tissue region, the rod type image probe including an end portion configured to be inserted into a nose and be in contact with the olfactory epithelium tissue region, a delivering element, by which the signals may be transmitted from the olfactory epithelium tissue region, the delivering element being connected to other end portion of the rod type image probe, and a signal processing unit converting the signals transmitted from the delivering element into digital signals.

Abstract: Provided is a compound semiconductor solar cell including a back electrode disposed on a substrate, a hole-injection layer disposed on the back electrode, a light-absorbing layer disposed on the hole-injection layer, and a front transparent electrode disposed on the light-absorbing layer. The hole-injection layer may be formed of a metal oxide layer containing one or more metallic element.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating the location of a terminal obtains definite location information of the terminal, estimates a dead reckoning location of the terminal using finally obtaining definite location information when definite location information of the terminal is not obtained for a set time, and combines positioning information of an adjacent terminal, definite location information of the terminal, and dead reckoning location information of the terminal with each other when reliability of dead reckoning location information of the adjacent terminal is higher than reliability of dead reckoning of the terminal to estimate combinatorial location information of the terminal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solar cell includes forming a buffer layer between an optical absorption layer and a window electrode layer. Forming the buffer layer includes depositing a metal material on the optical absorption layer, supplying a non-metal material on the optical absorption layer, supplying a gas material including oxygen atoms on the optical absorption layer, and reacting the metal material with the non-metal material. The gas material reacts with the metal material and the non-metal material to form a metal sulfur oxide on the optical absorption layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a network data service, comprising: a packet distributor for dividing data inputted through a transmission side network in the unit of a packet and distributing the divided packet data in parallel; an area detection unit for detecting an object in an interest area in the packet data distributed in parallel and performing encryption on the detected object in the interest area; and a data transmission unit for transmitting the packet data encrypted by the area detection unit to a reception side network.

Abstract: Provided is a thin film silicon solar cell including a first optical absorption layer, a first transparent electrode disposed in a surface of the first optical absorption layer, a first transparent substrate covering the first transparent electrode, a second transparent electrode disposed another surface of the first optical absorption layer, and a second transparent substrate covering the second transparent electrode, wherein the first optical absorption layer has a thickness of about 500 ? to about 2000 ?.

Abstract: Provided are a stretchable electronic device and a method of manufacturing the same. The manufacturing method includes forming coil interconnection on a first substrate, forming a first stretchable insulating layer that covers the coil interconnection, forming a second substrate on the first stretchable insulating layer, separating the first substrate from the coiling interconnection and the first stretchable insulating layer, and forming a transistor on the coil interconnection.

Abstract: Provided is a graphene optical device. The optical device includes a lower clad, an optical waveguide extended on the lower clad in a first direction, a first dielectric layer disposed on the optical waveguide, and a graphene layer extended on the first dielectric layer in a second direction.

Abstract: Provided is a circuit board, which may include a base layer, an adhesive film, a conductive circuit, and a through via. The adhesive film and the conductive circuit may be provided in plurality to be alternately stacked on the base layer. The through via may be formed through soldering. Since the base layer is not damaged during the soldering, the through via may include various conductive materials. The through via makes it possible to easily connect the conductive circuits having different functions to one another. Accordingly, the circuit board may have multi functions. Thicknesses of the conductive circuits may be adjusted to protect the conductive circuits from folding or bending of the base layer. The circuit board having a multi-layered structure can function not only as a fabric or clothes but also as an electronic circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technology for extracting issue information having high interests to users by recognizing contents of a sentence within media (including news, Tweet, and a blog), and automatically detecting and presenting an issue subject related to the issue information. A method of providing issue information according to the present invention includes: extracting an issue by extracting issue information according to a predetermined condition or a condition received from the outside by using data expressed with a text on media or meta data defining additional information on the data; and displaying an issue history or hotness of the extracted issue information which has been issued in the media to a user.

Abstract: A provisioning management apparatus for a cloud data center collects cloud resource information including at least resource form information and performance measurement information of a cloud, determines a present resource state of the cloud data center using the collected cloud resource information, calculates a theoretical optimal resource reservation based on the present resource state, configures a resource of the cloud data center when the theoretical optimal resource reservation accepts a user request, and verifies the resource configuration.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device may include an infrared light source; and a light guide pad which is disposed to be adjacent to the infrared light source and includes fluorescent patterns including fluorescent bodies of nano size excited by invisible light irradiated from the infrared light source to emit visible light.

Abstract: Provided is a task processing apparatus and method that may select a task corresponding to predetermined task selection information when a task execution is completed and thus, an idle server occurs in at least one server, may separate the selected task into a first task and a second task, and may control the first task and the second task to be allocated to an existing allocation server of the selected task and an idle server, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for analyzing propagation of an electromagnetic wave by effectively using a ray tracing scheme in a radio wave system, in which; an electromagnetic wave scattered in an electromagnetic wave incident to an interface in a service area is detected; average scattering power for the interface is calculated by the scattered electromagnetic wave; the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the service area is analyzed based on the average scattering power.