Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing a light-absorbing layer with excellent flatness of a surface thereof and high density and a method for manufacturing a solar cell using the same. A single target formed of a metallic compound is provided, and a metallic precursor thin film, which is a single layer, is formed on a substrate using the single target. The light-absorbing layer is formed by performing a selenization process on the metallic precursor thin film.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for processing the data of heterogeneous sensors in an integrated manner to classify one or more objects on a road and detect the locations of the objects. The apparatus includes a camera image processing unit, a scanning information processing unit, and an integrated processing unit. The camera image processing unit generates the results of the processing of camera images based on the camera images collected from one or more cameras. The scanning information processing unit generates the results of the processing of scanning information based on the scanning information collected from one or more laser scanners. The integrated processing unit generates the types and final locations of the objects located on the road by processing the generated results of the processing of the camera images and the generated results of the processing of the scanning information in an integrated manner.

Abstract: In a sensor network system including at least one sensor node and at least one actuator node, a group is formed based on attribute of each node. Sensing data is shared among the nodes in the group, and each node performs autonomous processing to process an event by comparing the sensing data with a preset event threshold value.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a proton beam, which includes a laser system providing a laser pulse, a target generating a proton beam by using the laser pulse, and a phase conversion plate disposed between the laser system as a light source and the target to convert the laser pulse into a circularly polarized laser pulse having a spiral shape.

Abstract: A forensic marking apparatus includes a preprocessing unit configured to selectively perform preprocessing for forensic processing on content to be provided to a user terminal; and a forensic processing unit configured to perform forensic marking on the content by combining content files preprocessed by the preprocessing unit or perform the forensic marking on an uncompressed original content file in real time, in accordance with a forensic processing method set for the content. Further, the forensic marking apparatus includes a control unit configured to determine the forensic processing method for the content, to control the forensic processing unit so that forensic processing is performed on the content in accordance with the determined method, and to provide the forensic-processed content to the user terminal.

Abstract: An energy management system may include an electric power system to collect electricity information, an energy service interface to collect at least one piece of energy information of an electricity consumer, at least one virtual power plant (VPP) management group to provide the at least one piece of energy information, and a VPP operating system connected with the electric power system and the energy service interface to collect and manage the electricity information and the at least one piece of energy information.

Abstract: A method of providing an application and an apparatus for performing the same are provided. The method of providing an application includes receiving a begging request message for requesting a specific begging target to purchase a specific application or a specific in-app function from a terminal of a begging requester, transmitting a begging request notification message to a terminal of the specific begging target when the specific begging target approves the begging request, and when the specific begging target purchases the specific application or the specific in-app function, approving download of the purchased specific application or registering a use right of the purchased specific in-app function.

Abstract: An optical device may include first and second lasers generating first and second laser beams; and a photo detector detecting the first and second laser beams. The optical detector comprises a substrate, a first impurity layer on the substrate, an absorption layer on the first impurity layer and a second impurity layer on the absorption layer. The absorption layer generates a terahertz by a beating of the first and second laser beams and has a thickness of less than 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) face based on multiple cameras. The apparatus includes a multi-image analysis unit, a texture image separation unit, a reconstruction image automatic synchronization unit, a 3D appearance reconstruction unit, and a texture processing unit. The multi-image analysis unit determines the resolution information of images received from a plurality of cameras, and determines whether the images have been synchronized with each other. The texture image separation unit separates a texture processing image by comparing the resolutions of the received images. The reconstruction image automatic synchronization unit synchronizes images that are determined to be asynchronous images by the multi-image analysis unit. The 3D appearance reconstruction unit computes the 3D coordinate values of the synchronized images, and reconstructs a 3D appearance image.

Abstract: An apparatus for recognizing a position of a moving object includes a sensor information collector to collect sensor information associated with movement of the moving object, a camera to capture a front image based on the movement of the moving object, and a GPS receiver configured to receive a GPS position of the moving object. Further, the apparatus includes a location recognizer to display N number of particles, each of which indicates a candidate position of the moving object, in a certain region about a GPS location of the moving object on a map. The location recognizer then updates a location of the particles based on the movement of the moving object, and progressively reduces number of particles on the basis of accuracy of the position-updated particles, thereby recognizing the position of the moving object.

Abstract: A high energy efficiency sensor node and an operating method thereof are provided. The high energy efficiency sensor node may include a sensing unit to generate sensed information and to store the sensed information in a database when a set period commences, and a control unit to obtain n pieces of sensed information corresponding to n periods from the database, and to transmit the n pieces of sensed information obtained to a first neighbor node when the n periods elapse.

Abstract: A user status analyzing apparatus including an activity history acquiring module configured to acquire, in a form of activity history time series data, activity history information in which a user activity is written through a home network to which a plurality of sensor devices is connected; an activity history storage configured to store the plurality of activity history time series data obtained by the activity history acquiring module; and an activity history analyzing module configured to analyze a user status depending on a correlation and characteristics perceived on a basis of the plurality of activity history time series data stored in the activity history storage.

Abstract: A reception terminal receives information indicating whether a service flow requires in-order delivery and a maximum time during which data not yet received is to wait in a case in which in-order delivery is required, from a transmission terminal, restores service data units (SDUs) from protocol data units (PDUs) received from the transmission terminal with respect to the corresponding service flow, and transmits the restored SDUs to a higher layer according to sequence numbers of the received PDUs in order.

Abstract: A data transmission method for Machine Type Communication (MTC) and a MTC apparatus are disclosed. The data transmission method for MTC includes: dividing each of a plurality of subframes configured with time resources and frequency resources into a first region for transmitting control information and a second region for transmitting data; and allocating resources for MTC to the second region of each subframe according to a predetermined hopping period and a predetermined hopping frequency interval. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the data transfer rate of a MTC apparatus.

Abstract: A virtual switch for providing a network virtualization service and a high-speed switching method of an input packet are provided. A packet is efficiently transmitted at a high speed using information of the input packet between a physical interface and a logical interface or between logical interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing a two-way automatic interpretation and translation service. The apparatus includes a first interpretation and translation unit for interpreting and translating a first language into a second language. A second interpretation and translation unit interprets and translates the second language into the first language. A context information management unit receives conversational context and translation history information, and shares and manages the conversational context and translation history information.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus couples a first phase modulation signal for first input data and a second phase modulation signal for second input data according to a first coupling method and transmits the coupled signal, and a reception apparatus receives the coupled signal. The reception apparatus derives a signal in which a first phase modulation signal and a second phase modulation signal are coupled according to a second coupling method from a received signal and separates the first phase modulation signal and the second phase modulation signal from the received signal based on the received signal and the derived signal. Furthermore, the reception apparatus obtains the first input data by demodulating the first phase modulation signal and obtains the second input data by demodulating the second phase modulation signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the bandpass filter of an RF communication system. The bandpass filter embodies a dual band characteristic by combining an equilibrium zero-order resonator and a non-equilibrium zero-order resonator, provides transmission zero using a cross-coupling structure near a pass band, and also has a neighboring signal blocking characteristic.

Abstract: Provided is a text forwarding apparatus and method that may format a received email to a form of a text message, and may forward the text message to a terminal corresponding to a phone number selected or directly input, the text forwarding apparatus including a controller to receive an input of a phone number of a terminal to which an email is to be forwarded when the email is received, and a processor to format contents of the email to a form of a text message, and to forward the text message to the terminal.

Abstract: A method of controlling a base station is disclosed that provides service to a first terminal and a second terminal having higher priority than the first terminal. The base station determines whether there is an influx of call connection attempts when the lower-priority terminal and the higher-priority terminal perform ranging. If it is determined that there is an influx of call connection attempts, the base station sets the initial ranging backoff window size included in an information element of S-SFH SP3 (Secondary-Superframe Header SubPacket3) to a first size. If it is determined that there is an influx of call connection attempts, the base station sets the initial ranging backoff window size for the second terminal in an AAI-SCD (Advanced Air Interface-System Configuration Descriptor) message to a second size. Accordingly, it is possible to achieve a high probability of success of initial ranging of a higher-priority terminal.