Abstract: A biosensor includes an array of electrically conductive nanorods formed on a substrate. The nanorods each includes a nanoscale porous coating formed on a surface of the nanorods from silicon dioxide layers. An enzyme coating is bound to the porous coating.

Abstract: Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

Abstract: Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

Abstract: Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

Abstract: Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

Abstract: A biosensor calibration structure is provided that includes at least two electrode structures in which at least one of the electrode structures has a non-random nanopattern on the sensing surface which provides a different sensing surface area than at least one other electrode structure. The at least one other electrode structure may be non-patterned (i.e., flat) or have another non-random nanopattern on the sensing surface. A biological functionalization material such as, for example, glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase, can be located on at least the sensing surface of each electrode structure. The biosensor calibration structure can be used within a biosensor calibration method.

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain chemical data with respect to cells while electrophysiological data relating to cell membranes is obtained using the patch clamp technique. A SERS-facilitating assembly is coupled to a micropipette and is used in conjunction with a monochromatic light source for generating scattered light. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain the chemical data. Electrophysiological data is obtained using the same micropipette to perform the patch clamp technique.

Abstract: Methods for forming an electrode structure, which can be used as a biosensor, are provided in which the electrode structure has non-random topography located on one surface of an electrode base. In some embodiments, an electrode structure is obtained that contains no interface between the non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base of the electrode structure. In other embodiments, electrode structures are obtained that have an interface between the non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base of the electrode structure.

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain chemical data with respect to cells while electrophysiological data relating to cell membranes is obtained using the patch clamp technique. A SERS-facilitating assembly is coupled to a micropipette and is used in conjunction with a monochromatic light source for generating scattered light. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain the chemical data. Electrophysiological data is obtained using the same micropipette to perform the patch clamp technique.

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain chemical data with respect to cells while electrophysiological data relating to cell membranes is obtained using the patch clamp technique. A SERS-facilitating assembly is coupled to a micropipette and is used in conjunction with a monochromatic light source for generating scattered light. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain the chemical data. Electrophysiological data is obtained using the same micropipette to perform the patch clamp technique.

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain chemical data with respect to body tissue and cells. The chemical environments of stimulation implants and drug-delivery catheters are spectroscopically monitored in real time using an implantable probe. The probe includes a surface enhancer that facilitates surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in opposing relation to an array of optical fibers. Light emitted by the optical fibers can be employed for chemical detection and/or tissue stimulation. Wavelength and optical power are selected based on whether the probe is employed for such detection or stimulation. Fabrication of a probe assembly that enables surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is further disclosed.

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain chemical data with respect to body tissue and cells. The chemical environments of stimulation implants and drug-delivery catheters are spectroscopically monitored in real time using an implantable probe. The probe includes a surface enhancer that facilitates surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in opposing relation to an array of optical fibers. Light emitted by the optical fibers can be employed for chemical detection and/or tissue stimulation. Wavelength and optical power are selected based on whether the probe is employed for such detection or stimulation.

Abstract: An electrode structure is provided that includes an electrode base having topography located on a surface of the electrode base structure. A biological functionalization layer is located on one or more exposed surfaces of at least the topography of the electrode. A sacrificial layer is located on the biological functionalization layer and is present at least in the physical space located between the individual features of the topography of the electrode.

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain chemical data with respect to cells while electrophysiological data relating to cell membranes is obtained using the patch clamp technique. A SERS-facilitating assembly is coupled to a micropipette and is used in conjunction with a monochromatic light source for generating scattered light. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed to obtain the chemical data. Electrophysiological data is obtained using the same micropipette to perform the patch clamp technique.

Abstract: A mold structure having high-precision multi-dimensional components which includes a first oxide layer superimposed on a top of a first semiconductor substrate; a second oxide layer superimposed on a top of a second semiconductor substrate; integrated designs patterned in at least one of the oxide layers; and the first and second semiconductor substrates bonded to one another into a three dimensional (3D) mold such that the first oxide layer only makes partial contact with the second oxide layer such that a portion of the first oxide layer avoids contact with the second oxide layer, the portion of the first oxide layer directly opposite a surface portion of the second semiconductor substrate that is free of the second oxide, the 3D mold selectively filled with a filling material to form a molded high-precision multi-dimensional component.

Abstract: An electrode structure, which can be used as a biosensor, is provided that has non-random topography located on one surface of an electrode base substrate. The non-random topography of the electrode structure and the electrode base substrate of the electrode structure are of unitary construction and unitary composition and thus there is no interface is located between these elements of the electrode structure.

Abstract: Lenses and methods for adjusting the focus of a lens include dividing multiple light sensors in a lens into four quadrants. A position of the lens relative to occlusion along a top and bottom edge of the lens is determined based on lengths of bit sequences from light sensors in each of the four quadrants. An optimal focal length for the lens is determined based on the position of the lens. The focal length of the lens is adjusted to match the optimal focal length.

Abstract: Methods of forming a lens include forming components on a lower substrate. The components are sealed on the lower substrate with a sealing layer. An upper substrate is formed over the sealing layer. The lower substrate is polished to a lower lens curvature.

Abstract: A method of implementing three-dimensional (3D) integration of multiple integrated circuit (IC) devices includes forming a first insulating layer over a first IC device; forming a second insulating layer over a second IC device; forming a 3D, bonded IC device by aligning and bonding the first insulating layer to the second insulating layer so as to define a bonding interface therebetween, defining a first set of vias within the 3D bonded IC device, the first set of vias landing on conductive pads located within the first IC device, and defining a second set of vias within the 3D bonded IC device, the second set of vias landing on conductive pads located within the second device, such that the second set of vias passes through the bonding interface; and filling the first and second sets of vias with a conductive material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a back-end-of-line (BEOL) line fuse structure. The BEOL line fuse structure includes: a line including a plurality of grains of conductive crystalline material; wherein the plurality of grains in a region between the first end and a second end include an average grain size that is smaller than a nominal grain size of the plurality of grains in a remaining portion of the line.