Abstract: A telecommunications system comprises a source base station (BSS), a destination base station (BSD) having a synchronization searcher (s), and a synchronization start position determination unit (101) which establishes a start position (SP) of a synchronization search window for the synchronization searcher of the destination station. The synchronization search window detects, for synchronization purposes, a transmission of the specified mobile station received at the destination base Station during a handover of a connection involving the specified mobile station from the source station to the destination base station. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the synchronization start position determination unit establishes the start position of the synchronization search window with reference to a calculated distance of the mobile station from the destination base station.

Abstract: In packet communications that employ header compression/decompression, the computational complexity of checksum generation can be reduced by re-using static checksum information associated with header bits that do not change from header to header. The static checksum information can be used together with information about header bits that do change from header to header, in order to generate a desired checksum. The checksum can then be used to verify a reconstructed header produced from a compressed header by a header decompressor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating a pipeline stage in a multi-bit/stage pipeline A/D converter involves switching (S3, S4) a set of D/A converter unit-segments in the stage to predetermined states (+/−) for producing (S5) a first digital signal (d+), and switching (S6) a predetermined unit-segment in the set to its complementary state, keeping the states of the other unit-segments in said set unchanged, for producing (S7) a second digital signal (d−). The unit-segment is then associated (S8) with a calibration coefficient representing the deviation of the difference between the first and second digital signals from an expected difference between the first and second digital signals. This process is repeated for each unit-segment that is to be calibrated.

Abstract: An A/D converter system includes a regular A/D converter (10) with calibration means. Included is also a lower performance, as compared to the regular A/D converter, auxiliary A/D converter (20). Means (22, 24) are provided for temporarily switching, at a switching rate that is lower than the sampling rate of regular A/D converter (10), A/D conversion from the regular A/D converter (10) to the auxiliary A/D converter (20) during short time intervals used for calibration of the regular A/D converter (10).

Abstract: A background calibrated A/D converter includes a random time interval generator that initiates background calibration at randomly selected time instants to increase the spurious-free dynamic range of the A/D converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-borne hybrid binder composition. It is obtained by mixing about 20-80% by weight of A), an aqueous dispersion of a polymer, said dispersion having a dry-solids content of at least 45% by weight, and containing at least 0.1% by weight of B) a single surfactant or a mixture of two or more different surfactants and protective colloids, and about 80-20% of C) one or more resins being emulsifiable in water and having a dry solids content above 90% by weight, by adding the resin C to the dispersion A under agitation, the resulting hybrid binder composition obtaining a dry-solids content of 60-95% by weight. The invention also relates to the use of the binder composition as a component in a paint or lacquer mixture.

Abstract: Pipeline A/D-conversion of an analog input signal is performed according to a new and inventive algorithm which generates a Gray coded digital output signal. A pipeline A/D-converter comprises a number of cascaded stages through which the analog input signal is propagated. Each stage generally generates an output bit of the digital output signal, and furthermore processes the pipeline signal. According to the inventive Gray coding algorithm, the output bit generated in a stage determines whether or not the pipeline signal of that stage is inverted. In a pipeline A/D-converter based on the Gray coding algorithm according to the invention, the accumulation of offset errors will generally be very low. Furthermore, the fact that the signal inversion is digitally controlled enables high precision implementations which further improve the performance of the inventive pipeline A/D-converter.

Abstract: Cyclic A/D-conversion of an analog input signal is performed according to a new and inventive recursive algorithm which generates a Gray coded digital output signal. In cyclic A/D-conversion, the output bits are generated cyclically, one by one. According to the inventive Gray coding algorithm, the analog input signal is cyclically subjected to a sample and hold operation, selectively, depending on the previously generated output bit, to a signal inversion, to an amplification by two, and to an addition of a predetermined reference signal. In a cyclic A/D-converter architecture based on the recursive Gray coding algorithm according to the invention, the accumulation of offset errors will generally be very low. Furthermore, the fact that the signal inversion is digitally controlled enables high precision implementations which further improve the performance of the cyclic A/D-converter according to the invention.

Abstract: A combined drop and spray nozzle device for use with a pressurized container for dispensing a product contained therein as an aerosol. The device includes an axially movable delivery outlet protruding from a top portion of the pressurized container, and a removable nozzle mounted on the delivery outlet for moving the delivery outlet between a closed position wherein the product is contained in the pressurized container and an open position wherein the product is discharged through the nozzle as an aerosol. A valve mechanism is axially movable in the nozzle with respect to the delivery outlet to open and close a predetermined portion of the delivery outlet, and a push-button is provided on the nozzle and is coupled to the valve mechanism for moving the valve mechanism to close the predetermined portion of the delivery outlet when the push-button is depressed and open the predetermined portion of the delivery outlet when the push-button is not depressed.

Abstract: A chopper has a straight knife clamped between a clamping member and a counter knife. The knife, clamping member, and counter knife are collectively positioned in a machined area formed in a holder that is in turn fitted within a larger recess formed in a chopping disk. A first fastener secures the knife holder to the chopping disk, a second fastener secures the clamping member to the knife holder, and a third fastener secures the counter knife to the knife holder. A projection formed in the counter knife engages a groove formed in the knife to properly align the knife and to inhibit entry of fibers into the space between the counter knife and the knife. The holder further includes a series of steps that position the counter knife and the clamping member, respectively, with respect to the holder.

Abstract: A sealing device for sealing a leak occurring inside a reactor pressure vessel at the vicinity of a weld between a control rod drive (CRD) tube and a surrounding CRD stub tube which communicates with an opening in the wall of the pressure vessel. An inner sealing sleeve of a soft metallic material and with an outer frusto-conical surface is fitted over the tube and the CRD stub tube, and an outer sealing sleeve of a hard metallic material and with an inner frusto-conical surface is fitted over the inner sealing sleeve. On each side of the crack special contact surfaces are formed between the inner sealing sleeve and the tube or the CRD stub tube. As the outer sealing sleeve is pressed in over the inner sealing sleeve, the inner sealing sleeve is pressed by the frusto-conical surfaces, moving against each other, against the tube and the CRD stub tube, thus providing sealing at the contact surfaces.

Abstract: A control rod for a nuclear reactor comprises a number of elongated absorber plates (13-16) which are each provided with a plurality of channels (18b), said channels extending substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the absorber plate, containing powdered boron carbide or other powdered absorber material which gives off gas and swells upon irradiation, and being hermetically separated from the surroundings of the control rod by an edge portion (30), which is arranged at an edge (31) running in the longitudinal direction of the absorber plate and comprises a gas-tight edge (31) and a longitudinal space (32) arranged inside said edge and being in open communication with and permitting a gas flow between the different channels in the absorber plate.

Abstract: A flexible control rod for a nuclear reactor is built up of first, second, third and fourth absorber wings which are arranged in a cruciform configuration. Each wing is divided into a number of wing elements by slots extending substantially perpendicularly to the crossing line of the wings. The first and the third wings are arranged in a first plane with the slots in these wings located pairwise in line with each other, and the second and fourth wings are arranged in a second plane and also with their associated slots located pairwise in line. Further, the slots in the first plane are diplaced in parallel in the direction of the crossing line relative to the slots in the second plane, and the portions of the wing elements adjoining the crossing line of the wings are provided with recesses. This arrangement gives good flexibility without undue loss of strength.

Abstract: A self-igniting thyristor has a zener diode integral with the thyristor, which zener diode bridges the central junction of the thyristor and the breakdown voltage of which determines the breakover voltage of the thyristor. The breakdown voltage of the zener diode is determined by the field geometry in that part of the PN junction of the zener diode which is located near the surface of the semiconductor body, where the breakdown is arranged to take place. A conducting screen is arranged over said portion of the PN junction of the zener diode and is separated from the underlying portion of the surface of the semiconductor body by an insulating layer. The thyristor is provided with means for influencing the potential of the screen, which in turn influences the field geometry and thus the breakdown voltage of the zener diode and the breakover voltage of the thyristor.

Abstract: A valve and switch device for measuring pressure of liquids in living objects comprises a pressure converter which is hydraulically connected with the liquid to be measured, and which transforms the pressure to be measured into electrical signals. It transmits the signals to a measuring device for indication and/or registration. This measuring device has an electro-mechanical switch and valve mechanism for switching off to automatic zero balance and automatic calibration. The main device has a switchable valve unit connected to the pressure converter for supplying alternately to the pressure converter, by the shifting of an operating member, the pressure to be measured, a zero pressure for zero balancing, and possibly a reference pressure for calibration.