Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate in which a trench is formed, a first impurity region and a second impurity region formed in the substrate separated from each other by the trench, a gate electrode formed to fill a lower part of the trench, and a capping layer formed over the gate electrode to fill an upper part of the trench. The gate electrode includes a first work function liner formed over a bottom surface and sidewalls of the lower part of the trench without overlapping with the first impurity region and the second impurity region, and including an aluminum-containing metal nitride; and a second work function liner formed over the sidewalls of the lower part of the trench over the first work function liner, overlapping with the first impurity region and the second impurity region, and including a silicon-containing non-metal material.

Abstract: Disclosed here is a separator. The separator includes a cylindrical body in which a spatial portion is provided for separation, a supply pipe provided so that the mixture is introduced in a tangential direction of the cylindrical body to generate a revolving gas flow of the mixture in the spatial portion, a discharge pipe provided so that the first material is discharged to the outside through a rising gas flow of a central portion of the spatial portion, and a deflector provided to be parallel to the supply pipe in a circumferential direction of the spatial portion to prevent the mixture introduced into the spatial portion through the supply pipe from rising.

Abstract: Disclosed are an admixture composition for a tile cement mortar and a tile cement mortar composition comprising the admixture composition. The disclosed admixture composition for a tile cement mortar comprises a cellulose ether, a polyacrylamide-based polymer coagulant and an inorganic coagulant.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first plug; a bit line which is in contact with the first plug and over the first plug and extended in one direction; a second plug including a first part adjacent to the bit line and a second part adjacent to the first plug; a double air gap which is disposed between the first part of the second plug and the bit line and includes a first air gap surrounding the first part of the second plug and a second air gap parallel to sidewalls of the bit line; and a capping layer suitable for capping the first and second air gaps.

Abstract: Disclosed are a watermark processing device, a method thereof, and an image capturing apparatus capable of reducing a processing time and a calculation amount while inserting a watermark into an image. The watermark processing method includes creating a watermarked image by inserting a predetermined watermark into a virtual wavelet image; and creating a synthesized image by synthesizing an input image and the watermarked image.

Abstract: A white balance correcting apparatus and a white balance correcting method are provided. A white balance correcting apparatus includes a white balance corrector configured to divide an input image into a plurality of blocks, determine, using a reference color temperature line, adjusted color temperatures of blocks included in a white area among the plurality of blocks, and calculate red (R) and blue (B) gains to which different weights are applied according to the adjusted color temperatures of the blocks.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate. A pixel electrode is disposed on the substrate. A pixel defining layer covers an edge of the pixel electrode and exposes at least a first portion of the edge. A first intermediate layer is disposed on the pixel electrode and covers a central part and the first portion of the pixel electrode. An auxiliary insulating layer is disposed on the first intermediate layer and covers a portion of the first intermediate layer corresponding to the at least the first portion. An emission layer is disposed on the first intermediate layer corresponding to the central part of the pixel electrode. An opposite electrode faces the pixel electrode. The first intermediate layer is disposed between.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds useful as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (“GnRH”) receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a white balance method for performing a shading compensation, and more particularly, a white balance method for performing a shading compensation, in which a white balance control is initiated for an input image captured when a camera is driven, and then the shading compensation is performed together during a process of performing the initiated white balance control. The white balance method for performing a shading compensation includes executing a white balance for adjusting a color temperature of an input image, extracting a shading gain table corresponding to the color temperature among pre-stored shading gain tables for each color temperature during the execution of the white balance, executing a shading compensation for an image for each block of the input image by using the extracted shading gain table, and terminating the white balance.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate. A pixel electrode is disposed on the substrate. A pixel defining layer covers an edge of the pixel electrode and exposes at least a first portion of the edge. A first intermediate layer is disposed on the pixel electrode and covers a central part and the first portion of the pixel electrode. An auxiliary insulating layer is disposed on the first intermediate layer and covers a portion of the first intermediate layer corresponding to the at least the first portion. An emission layer is disposed on the first intermediate layer corresponding to the central part of the pixel electrode. An opposite electrode faces the pixel electrode. The first intermediate layer is disposed between.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing polysilicon. According to the present invention, meltdown can be prevented during the growth of silicon rod, and a polycrystalline silicon rod having a larger diameter can be shortly manufactured with a minimal consumption of energy.

Abstract: Disclosed are a watermark processing device, a method thereof, and an image capturing apparatus capable of reducing a processing time and a calculation amount while inserting a watermark into an image. The watermark processing method includes creating a watermarked image by inserting a predetermined watermark into a virtual wavelet image; and creating a synthesized image by synthesizing an input image and the watermarked image.

Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a main body which has a cooling chamber and a freezing chamber, a storage chamber which is provided in the cooling chamber to store foodstuffs, an irradiation device which irradiates light within a visible light region correspondingly to color of the foodstuffs stored in the storage chamber, an optical deodorization module which includes an ultraviolet light irradiation device which is mounted to the storage chamber to irradiate ultraviolet light and a photocatalyst filter which receives the ultraviolet light from the ultraviolet light irradiation device and is coated with a photocatalyst agent, and a control unit which controls the irradiation device and the ultraviolet light irradiation device.

Abstract: A Kimchi refrigerator is provided for storing and fermenting foods, such as Kimchi, soy, or bean paste at a low temperature. The Kimchi refrigerator displays a set special mode with a corresponding avatar, or displays various information of a special function of the set special mode, such as operation information and power information with corresponding avatars. As a result, a user can easily recognize each special mode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device that can prevent the loss of an isolation structure and that can also stably form epi-silicon layers is described. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes defining trenches in a semiconductor substrate having active regions and isolation regions. The trenches are partially filled with a first insulation layer. An etch protection layer is formed on the surfaces of the trenches that are filled with the first insulation layer. A second insulation layer is filled in the trenches formed with the etch protection layer to form an isolation structure in the isolation regions of the semiconductor substrate. Finally, portions of the active regions of the semiconductor substrate are recessed such that the isolation structure has a height higher than the active regions of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A reactive cyclodextrin derivative or a reactive glucose derivative is used as a template derivative for forming an ultra-low dielectric layer. A layer is formed of the reactive cyclodextrin derivative or the reactive glucose derivative capped with Si—H and then cured in an atmosphere of hydrogen peroxide to form the ultra-low dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds useful as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (“GnRH”) receptor antagonist.

Abstract: A reactive cyclodextrin derivative or a reactive glucose derivative is used as a template derivative for forming an ultra-low dielectric layer. A layer is formed of the reactive cyclodextrin derivative or the reactive glucose derivative capped with Si—H and then cured in an atmosphere of hydrogen peroxide to form the ultra-low dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming an isolation layer which defines an active region in a substrate, forming recess patterns in the active region and the isolation layer, baking a surface of the recess pattern by conducting an annealing process and forming a gate dielectric layer over a surface of the recess pattern by conducting an oxidation process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a refrigerator which can store foodstuffs like vegetables in a fresh state, restrain reduction of nutritive elements contained in foodstuffs, and prevent damage of irradiation device. The refrigerator includes a main body, a storage chamber which is provided in the main body to store foodstuffs, and an irradiation device which irradiates light within a visible light region into the storage chamber. The refrigerator farther includes a reflection member which is mounted to the storage chamber to reflect the light emitted from the irradiation device, and a transforming member which transforms the light emitted from the irradiation device into a side light type.