Abstract: According to various embodiments, a circuit arrangement is provided which includes a bridge circuit having at least two field effect transistors and a measurement circuit configured to measure a forward voltage of a body diode of any one of the at least two field effect transistors resulting from a current flowing through the field effect transistor.

Abstract: A lithographic device includes a cooling device for removing heat from a motor. The cooling device has a cooling element provided in thermal contact with at least part of the motor. The cooling device further has a cooling duct assembly with a supply duct to supply a cooling fluid to the cooling element, and a discharge duct to discharge the cooling fluid from the cooling element. A pump causes the cooling fluid to flow through at least part of the cooling duct assembly. A flow control device controls a flow rate of the cooling fluid through at least part of the cooling duct assembly, to maintain a predetermined average temperature of the cooling fluid in the cooling element.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a circuit arrangement is provided which includes a bridge circuit having at least two field effect transistors and a measurement circuit configured to measure a forward voltage of a body diode of any one of the at least two field effect transistors resulting from a predefined current flowing through the field effect transistor.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first half bridge including a first controllable semiconductor switch and a first diode. The first controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between a first constant supply potential and a center tap of the first half bridge. The first diode is coupled between the center tap and a constant reference potential. A second half bridge includes a second diode and a second controllable semiconductor switch. The second diode is coupled between a second constant potential higher than the first potential and a center tap of the second half bridge. The second controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between the center tap and the constant reference potential. Driver circuitry controls the conducting state of the first and the second semiconductor switch thus controlling the current flow through a field connectable between the center taps.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first half bridge including a first controllable semiconductor switch and a first diode. The first controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between a first constant supply potential and a center tap of the first half bridge. The first diode is coupled between the center tap and a constant reference potential. A second half bridge includes a second diode and a second controllable semiconductor switch. The second diode is coupled between a second constant potential higher than the first potential and a center tap of the second half bridge. The second controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between the center tap and the constant reference potential. Driver circuitry controls the conducting state of the first and the second semiconductor switch thus controlling the current flow through a field connectable between the center taps.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first half bridge including a first controllable semiconductor switch and a first diode. The first controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between a first constant supply potential and a center tap of the first half bridge. The first diode is coupled between the center tap and a constant reference potential. A second half bridge includes a second diode and a second controllable semiconductor switch. The second diode is coupled between a second constant potential higher than the first potential and a center tap of the second half bridge. The second controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between the center tap and the constant reference potential. Driver circuitry controls the conducting state of the first and the second semiconductor switch thus controlling the current flow through a field connectable between the center taps.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a circuit arrangement is provided which includes a bridge circuit having at least two field effect transistors and a measurement circuit configured to measure a forward voltage of a body diode of any one of the at least two field effect transistors resulting from a predefined current flowing through the field effect transistor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to an electronic control unit for an airbag, said control unit having a data recorder unit that has a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory and a copy circuit. The copy circuit is designed to copy data from the volatile memory to the nonvolatile memory during a second operating phase of the control unit. A protocol unit designed to record vehicle and/or accident data in the volatile memory is arranged in the data recorder unit during a first operating phase of the control unit. A first power supply unit is connected to the control unit and supplies the protocol unit and further components of the control unit with power and a second power supply unit is connected to the data recorder unit and supplies the latter with power.

Abstract: Disclosed are a welding aid for a spiral-wound filament of a lamp and a lamp comprising such a welding aid. The spiral-wound filament has a spiral-wound filament body and at least one spiral-wound filament tail. The welding aid is arranged at a distance d from the spiral-wound filament body and is designed to connect the at least one spiral-wound filament tail to a current-conducting support, the distance d being defined in accordance with a power P at which the lamp is operated.

Abstract: A method for controlling an output voltage of generator arrangement includes generating a controlled field current for a field winding dependent on the output voltage and dependent on at least one control parameter that depends on a rotational speed of the generator. The method also includes decreasing a rate of change of the controlled field current with respect to an output voltage change if the rotational speed decrease.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes two stages that are each configured to hold a substrate, wherein each stage is provided with a short stroke module to move a table with a substrate and a long stroke module to move the short stroke module of that stage. The lithographic apparatus includes a swap bridge to couple the stages, and wherein, in use, in a first configuration, the stages are moveable with respect to each other, and wherein, in use, in a second configuration, the stages are coupled via the swap bridge to make a joint movement.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lamp, particularly for a vehicle headlight, comprising two spiral-wound filaments which are retained by three feeders within a bulb that is inserted into a base. The feeders are arranged on top of one another when the lamp is adequately oriented. A tail of the first spiral-wound filament is connected to a dimming cap, said tail being located at a distance from the base, while a tail of the second spiral-wound filament is connected to the central feeder, said tail being close to the base. The second filament tail that faces away and is located at a distance from the base is connected to the upper feeder. According to the invention, the lower feeder is connected to the dimming cap by means of an end, some sections of which are angled away from a longitudinal axis of the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dipping cap comprising a filament for a dual-filament lamp. The dimension between an outlet of an outgoing section of the filament, on the side of the base, and the point on the outgoing section of the filament, arranged opposite the outgoing section of the filament on the side of the base and welded to the dipping cap, measures more than approximately 5.2 mm and less than 9.7 mm, and the dimension between the outlet of the outgoing section of the filament, on the side of the base, and the front surface of the dipping cap, which is adjacent to the outgoing section of the filament, welded to the dipping cap, measures more than approximately 5.9 mm and less than 11.9 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lamp, particularly a halogen incandescent lamp, comprising a bulb that is provided with a pinch seal which is inserted into a base by means of an attachment ring. The attachment ring has a receiving section within which the pinch seal is clampingly fastened by means of attachment ring brackets that are supported on support surfaces. According to the invention, the support surfaces are placed at an angle from the longitudinal axis of the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen bulb comprising two filaments that are located (21, 22) in a lamp body (10), a first filament (21) being designed for operation at a higher electrical output than the second filament (22). To fulfil a daylight driving function, the second filament (22) is designed to produce an electrical output that is lower by a factor of 2.5 to 4 than the electrical output of the first filament (21) when operating with a standard operating voltage and is designed in such a way that it can be operated with an operating voltage that is lower than the standard operating voltage in order to produce a dimmed position light function.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control circuit and a corresponding method for controlling MOSFETs coupled to the control circuit. The MOSFETs are coupled to a load to couple the load to a power supply, or the MOSFETs are coupled to a generator. In case of inverted polarity, the control circuit switches the MOSFETs to their conducting state to prevent damaging the MOSFETs.

Abstract: A circuit includes a first half bridge including a first controllable semiconductor switch and a first diode. The first controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between a first constant supply potential and a center tap of the first half bridge. The first diode is coupled between the center tap and a constant reference potential. A second half bridge includes a second diode and a second controllable semiconductor switch. The second diode is coupled between a second constant potential higher than the first potential and a center tap of the second half bridge. The second controllable semiconductor switch is coupled between the center tap and the constant reference potential. Driver circuitry controls the conducting state of the first and the second semiconductor switch thus controlling the current flow through a field connectable between the center taps.

Abstract: A lithographic device includes a cooling device for removing heat from a motor. The cooling device has a cooling element provided in thermal contact with at least part of the motor. The cooling device further has a cooling duct assembly with a supply duct to supply a cooling fluid to the cooling element, and a discharge duct to discharge the cooling fluid from the cooling element. A pump causes the cooling fluid to flow through at least part of the cooling duct assembly. A flow control device controls a flow rate of the cooling fluid through at least part of the cooling duct assembly, to maintain a predetermined average temperature of the cooling fluid in the cooling element.

Abstract: Data from the piezo-electric sensors in the mounts for the projection system can be used in the control loops for other parts of the lithographic apparatus, for example the mask table, the substrate table or the air mounts for the frame bearing the projection system. Information from, for example, a geophone, which is used to measure the absolute velocity of the frame bearing the projection system, can be used in the control loop for the piezo-electric actuator in the mount for the projection system.

Abstract: Data from the piezo-electric sensors in the mounts for the projection system can be used in the control loops for other parts of the lithographic apparatus, for example the mask table, the substrate table or the air mounts for the frame bearing the projection system. Information from, for example, a geophone, which is used to measure the absolute velocity of the frame bearing the projection system, can be used in the control loop for the piezo-electric actuator in the mount for the projection system.