Abstract: A sensing device includes a propulsion system that is typically substantially or completely within the sensing device. The propulsion system may include, for example, a rotatable propeller. The sensing device may be an in-vivo autonomous capsule with an imager, but may be another type of sensing device. A separate propulsion system may be provided which may be attachable to, for example, a sensing device.

Abstract: A system and method senses an in-vivo lumen using ultrasonic elements typically arranged in a ring or other similar structure. Position information may be collected. A set of reflectance data may be collected and used to form an image or representation of the lumen. In one example, the data is collected by an in-vivo autonomous capsule. Additionally, ultrasonic elements may be arranged in order to receive a mechanical characteristic of the tissue (e.g., acoustic impedance) rather than an image or representation.

Abstract: A method for inserting an autonomous capsule into the G.I. tract includes use of an endoscope having a clamp and at least one retractable support for retaining the clamp. The capsule is engaged with the clamp and pushed to its desired position within the G.I. tract. The capsule is then disengaged by loosening the hold of the clamp on the capsule. The insertion of the capsule can be observed through an imaging unit placed within the endoscope.

Abstract: A device, method and system for sensing the temperature of an environment. An image sensor may be introduced into an environment having an image sensing module. The dark current noise of the image sensor may be sensed, and the temperature of the image sensor (and environment) calculated. Such a device, system and method may be used in, for example, a medical imaging device.

Abstract: A method for inserting an autonomous capsule into the G.I. tract includes use of an endoscope having a clamp and at least one retractable support for retaining the clamp. The capsule is engaged with the clamp and pushed to its desired position within the G.I. tract. The capsule is then disengaged by loosening the hold of the clamp on the capsule. The insertion of the capsule can be observed through an imaging unit placed within the endoscope.

Abstract: A method of producing an optoelectronic circuit comprising: forming a first optoelectronic element of the circuit on a first surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a second optoelectronic element of the circuit on a second surface of the semiconductor substrate; and wherein the first and second optoelectronic elements communicate via current transmitted through the substrate.

Abstract: A solid-state optoelectronic shutter having an input and an output, comprising a semiconductor material, having formed therein or thereon: a planar photodiode (24), having a planar surface, and optically communicating with the input; a planar LED layer (26), having a planar surface substantially parallel to the planar photodiode, and optionally communicating with the output; and a planar gate layer (28), intermediate the planar photodiode and the planar LED.

Abstract: An in vivo imaging device including at least one image sensor and an energy receiving unit that is configured to receive electromagnetic energy and to convert the received electromagnetic energy to energy for powering at least one electrical component of the image sensor.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for in vivo and in situ detection of body lumen conditions. The system comprises at least one interaction chamber for containing an endo-luminal sample, the interaction chamber comprising at least one indicator; at least one light source for illuminating the interaction chamber; and at least one optical detector for detecting in vivo optical changes occurring in the interaction chamber. The reaction between the indicator and sample may result in an optical change, which is detected and possibly imaged by the optical detector.

Abstract: An energy saving device for acquiring in vivo images of the gastro-intestinal tract is provided. The device, such as an autonomous capsule (10), includes at least one imaging unit (12), a control unit (14) connected to the imaging unit, and a power supply (24) connected to the control unit. The control unit includes a switching unit (18, 20), and an axial motion detector (22) connected to the switching unit, disconnects the power supply thereby preventing the acquisition of redundant images.

Abstract: An energy saving device for acquiring in vivo images of the gastro-intestinal tract is provided. The device, such as an autonomous capsule, includes at least one imaging unit; a control unit connected to the imaging unit and a power supply connected to the control unit. The control unit includes a switching unit and an axial motion detector connected to the switching unit. The axial motion detector detects the axial movement of the device and if the axial acceleration is below a pre-determined threshold, disconnects the power supply thereby preventing the acquisition of redundant images.

Abstract: An optical image shutter is provided having a multiplicity of thin layers of alternating narrow and wide gap semiconductor material stacked to form an MQW structure and electrodes located on at least two semiconductor surfaces of the image shutter, wherein the electrodes are configured so that a voltage difference applied between them produces an electric field that is temporally and spatially substantially uniform in the volume of the MQW structure and wherein the aperture of the image shutter is greater than 4 square mm.

Abstract: An optoelectronic shutter for radiation, comprising an input plate and an output plate, comprising material substantially transparent to the radiation, each plate having an outer and an inner surface, wherein a recess is formed in the inner surface of at least one of the plates, and wherein respective non-recessed portions of the inner surfaces of the plates are bonded together, and the recess defines a vacuum chamber enclosed by the two plates; a photocathode fixed to the inner surface of the input plate, adjacent the chamber, and a photo-emissive anode, fixed to the inner surface of the output plate, adjacent the chamber and opposite the photocathode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for obtaining in vivo images. The system contains an imaging system and an ultra low power radio frequency transmitter for transmitting signals from the CMOS imaging camera to a receiving system located outside a patient. The imaging system includes at least one CMOS imaging camera, at least one illumination source for illuminating an in vivo site and an optical system for imaging the in vivo site onto the CMOS imaging camera.

Abstract: An in vivo video camera system and an autonomous video endoscope are described. Each system includes a swallowable capsule, a transmitter and a reception system. The swallowable capsule includes a camera system and an optical system for imaging an area of interest onto the camera system. The transmitter transmits the video output of the camera system and the reception system receives the transmitted video output.

Abstract: A hand-held probe system for imaging is described which includes a hand-held probe and a detector assembly connected by a fiber optic cable. The probe includes a hand-portable housing, a detector assembly within the housing and an IR sensor placed on the cold finger of the detector assembly. The probe can include an optical system at a known distance from the sensor and a spacing tube defining the distance between the body and the optical system. The spacing tube ensures that the body whose thermal image is being read is always at, or is very close to, the object plane of the probe. The spacing tube is typically formed of a material having minimal thermal deformation which can minimize stray IR radiation.

Abstract: A staring infrared microscope which includes optics for focusing a magnified image of an object onto a 2D array detector of IR sensitive elements, a processor for processing the information received from the 2D array detector, including controlling the integration time of the 2D array detector as a function of the magnification of the object to generate a thermal descriptive image of object, and a display for displaying the thermal descriptive image. Also disclosed is a scanning infrared microscope which includes optics for focusing a magnified image of an object onto a linear array detector of IR sensitive elements including a scanning mirror for scanning the object and a processor for processing the information received from the linear array detector to generate a thermal descriptive image of object. The scanning infrared microscope further includes an output display for displaying the thermal descriptive image.

Abstract: An integrated galvanometer scanning device controllably deflects a beam of light. The device has a planar silicon wafer substrate with front and rear surfaces, first and second longitudinal slots extending from the front surface to the rear surface, and top and bottom grooves extending between the first and second longitudinal slots. The slots and grooves define a central portion of the wafer. A magnet is attached to the rear surface on the central portion of the wafer and a magnetic circuit is attached to the rear surface. A reflective surface is formed on the front surface on the central portion of the wafer. A strain gage on the wafer detects deflection of the reflective surface, and thus beam deflection. The components are integrated into the wafer or formed or mounted on the wafer forming an integrated unitary structure.

Abstract: An electromagnetic assembly includes a gimbal pivotally mounting an electromagnetic device to a housing, a magnetic body secured to the electromagnetic device producing a magnetic field coaxial with a first orthogonal axis; coils secured to the housing so as to be magnetically coupled to the magnetic body and oriented such that current through them produces a magnetic field along second and third orthogonal axes, respectively; and a current source for applying electrical current to the coils such that the magnetic fields produced thereby, interacting with the magnetic field produced by the magnetic body, produce a torque controlling the position of the electromagnetic device with respect to the second and third orthogonal axes.