Abstract: Polymer dispersions are prepared by reaction of a polyisocyanate and a hydroxylmethyl containing polyester polyol derived from a fatty acid to form a prepolymer, dispersing the prepolymer in an aqueous phase and then curing the prepolymer to form solid particle particles. The prepolymers can be prepared having isocyanate, hydroxyl, or a variety of other reactive functional groups. The dispersions are useful in a variety of coating, sealant, adhesive and elastomer applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reading a memory datum from a resistive memory cell comprising a selection transistor which is addressable via a control value, the method comprising detecting a cell current flowing through the resistive memory cell, setting the control value depending on the detected cell current, and providing an information associated to the control value as a memory datum.

Abstract: A valve device for metering a fluid for metering a urea-water solution for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, which contains elements that flex or are compressed under high pressure so that the volume of the working chamber can change in order to limit high pressures, which arise in the event of a phase change of the fluid to be metered, to a non-damaging intensity.

Abstract: A device for producing sausages having at least two coextrusion heads for co-extruding strands of sausage meat which are encased with a casing material, a joint supply is provided for the sausage meat and/or a joint supply is provided for the casing material, each being connected via individual supply elements to the coextrusion heads. The device permits producing exact products where at least the supply means for the casing material and/or the associated supply elements regulating/controlling the volume and/or the pressure of the casting material flow.

Abstract: A device for connecting components (1, 2, 3) made of fusible plastic, especially pipes (12, 60) of a fuel pipeline or a fuel line to a fuel tank (8) of a vehicle. The device includes a heating element (4) having ends (44, 46) which are used to supply electrical energy. The device is easy to use, simple to mount, and produces a functionally reliable welded joint between the components (1, 2, 3). To achieve this, one component (3) includes a retaining body (16) for a retaining tool (50), and the two ends (44, 46) of the heating element (4) extend onto the retaining body (16) where they can engage contact elements (56, 57) on the retaining tool (50).

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device is configured to store at least two bits of data in a single cell utilizing the variable resistance characteristic of a MTJ. The MTJ includes a soft and two fixed magnetic layers with fixed field directions oriented in perpendicular directions. The soft magnetic layer is separated from the fixed layers by insulating layers preferably with different thicknesses, or with different material compositions. The resulting junction resistance can exhibit at least four distinct resistance values dependent on the magnetic orientation of the free magnetic layer. The cell is configured using a pattern with four lobes to store two bits, and eight lobes to store three bits. The resulting cell can be used to provide a fast, non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with high density and no need to rewrite stored data after they are read, or as a fast galvanic isolator.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a sausage skein of any geometrical external contour, a sausage-forming device has a coextrusion head for coextruding a paste mass and a casing enclosing the mass, wherein the extrusion head is provided with a filling tube for ejecting the paste mass and an extrusion die assigned to the filling tube with an extrusion gap for the casing material, wherein the filling tube exhibits, at least in the region of the ejection end, a cross-sectional shape deviating from the circular shape and the extrusion gap exhibits a cross-sectional shape deviating from the annular ring

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and memory device for storing and reading data. In one embodiment, the probe is positioned proximate to an area of a solid electrolyte layer in which the data is to be stored. A voltage difference is created across the solid electrolyte layer by applying a first voltage to a first side of the solid electrolyte layer via a tip of the probe and applying a second voltage to a second side of the solid electrolyte layer via an electrode layer coupled to the solid electrolyte layer. The voltage difference applied across the solid electrolyte layer causes ions from the electrode layer to be introduced into the solid electrolyte layer, creating a lowered resistance in the solid electrolyte layer. The lowered resistance corresponds to a first logical value stored in the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: An MRAM cell includes a magnetic tunnel junction including first and second magnetic regions stacked in a parallel, overlying relationship and separated by a non-magnetic tunneling barrier layer. The first magnetic region includes a reference layer having a fixed magnetization adjacent the tunneling barrier layer. The second magnetic region includes a free layer having first and second free magnetizations aligned with an easy axis of magnetization of the free layer. The first and second free magnetizations are oppositely aligned and separated by a magnetic domain wall. The magnetic domain wall is magnetically movable along the easy axis of the free layer, and the free layer is magnetically coupled to magnetic fields generated by first and second currents running through first and second conductive lines crossing each other, wherein the easy axis of the free layer is inclined under an inclination angle relative to both the first and second conductive lines.

Abstract: A memory system that employs simultaneous activation of at least two dissimilar memory arrays, during a data manipulation, such as read or write operations is disclosed. An exemplary embodiment includes a memory system containing a plurality of arrays, each in communication with a common controller, wherein the arrays are activated by different supply voltage (Vdd). When a processor sends a command to retrieve or write data to the memory system, two or more arrays are addressed to supply the required data. By proper partitioning of the data between dissimilar arrays, the efficiency of data reading is improved.

Abstract: An MRAM cell includes a magnetic tunnel junction including first and second magnetic regions stacked in a parallel, overlying relationship and separated by a non-magnetic tunneling barrier layer. The first magnetic region includes a reference layer having a fixed magnetization adjacent the tunneling barrier layer. The second magnetic region includes a free layer having first and second free magnetizations aligned with an easy axis of magnetization of the free layer. The first and second free magnetizations are oppositely aligned and separated by a magnetic domain wall. The magnetic domain wall is magnetically movable along the easy axis of the free layer, and the free layer is magnetically coupled to magnetic fields generated by first and second currents running through first and second conductive lines crossing each other, wherein the easy axis of the free layer is inclined under an inclination angle relative to both the first and second conductive lines.

Abstract: An apparatus for posttreatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, using a reducing agent to be introduced into the exhaust gases, in particular a urea or a urea-and-water solution, having an improved mixing chamber into which stored reducing agent, via a reducing agent line, and compressed air via a compressed air line can be introduced to create a reducing agent-air mixture, and means for preventing a reverse flow of reducing agent or reducing agent-air mixture from the mixing chamber into the compressed air line are provided which have a spring-loaded sealing hose. This arrangement assures secure sealing off of an attachable compressed air system from the corrosive reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I), processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them as well as their use for the production of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A semiconductor packaging arrangement, or module, includes a printed circuit board having an electrical interconnect thereon and a semiconductor package mounted to the printed circuit board. The semiconductor package includes a fractional portion of a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of integrated circuit chips thereon, such chips being separated by regions in the fractional portion of the wafer. The fractional portion of the wafer has a plurality of electrical contacts electrically connected to the chips. The package also includes a dielectric member having an electrical conductor thereon. The electrical conductor are electrically connected to the plurality of electrical contacts of the plurality of chips to electrically interconnect such plurality of chips with portions of the electrical conductor spanning the regions in the fractional portion of the wafer.

Abstract: A method which makes it possible to define in a patterning layer openings having a first dimension that is substantially less than the feature size that can be obtained lithographically includes applying a sacrificial layer made of a material that is different from that of the patterning layer in a predetermined layer thickness on the patterning layer. Afterward, a photoresist layer is applied on the surface of the sacrificial layer, and an opening having a second dimension is defined lithographically in the photoresist layer. Afterward, an etching angle is set in a manner dependent on the layer thickness of the sacrificial layer and also the first and second dimensions, and the sacrificial layer is etched at the etching angle set. Afterward, the patterning layer is etched, the sacrificial layer is removed and a filling material is introduced into the opening produced in the patterning layer.

Abstract: A micromechanical infrared radiator has a radiator surface supported in a carrier chip. The radiator surface can be heated by a heating device. As a function of a temperature measurement, the heating power can be controlled such that the radiator surface assumes a defined temperature. For direct temperature measurement, a micromechanical temperature sensor in the form of a metal resistance is integrated in the radiator surface.

Abstract: A method and a device for metering a reducing agent is described, which is used for mass regulated metering of a reducing agent, in particular urea or a urea-water solution for the exhaust gas treatment of the exhaust gas of a diesel engine in particular. The device includes a mass sensor for measuring the reducing agent mass flow into the catalytic converter system.

Abstract: The invention describes the use of conductive lines having a non-rectangular shaped cross section to reduce line capacitance for a given pitch. Such conductive lines can reduce the height of integrated circuits with multi-level conductive lines without increasing line-to-line capacitance.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device is configured to store at least two bits of data in a single cell utilizing the variable resistance characteristic of a MTJ. The MTJ includes a soft and two fixed magnetic layers with fixed field directions oriented in perpendicular directions. The soft magnetic layer is separated from the fixed layers by insulating layers preferably with different thicknesses, or with different material compositions. The resulting junction resistance can exhibit at least four distinct resistance values dependent on the magnetic orientation of the free magnetic layer. The cell is configured using a pattern with four lobes to store two bits, and eight lobes to store three bits. The resulting cell can be used to provide a fast, non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with high density and no need to rewrite stored data after they are read, or as a fast galvanic isolator.

Abstract: A switch cabinet with a rack that can be closed or is closed by at least one double-walled cabinet door, three side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall, where the side walls each has an internal wall and an external wall and are attached to the rack. With a special angling-off of the internal wall for the side walls and the back wall, a completely sealed and shielded internal space of the switch cabinet is produced, wherein the rigid attachment of the internal walls and the external walls is accomplished from outside the supported interior of the switch cabinet.