Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for generating GABAergic neurons in brains. For example, methods and materials for using nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1 polypeptide and nucleic acid encoding a Dlx2 polypeptide to trigger glial cells (e.g., NG2 glial cells or astrocytes) within the brain (e.g., striatum) into forming GABAergic neurons (e.g., neurons resembling medium spiny neurons such as DARPP32-positive GABAergic neurons) that are functionally integrated into the brain of a living mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: A display module, a manufacturing method thereof, and a touch display device are provided. The display module includes: a display panel; a touch panel, including a plurality of wirings, the touch panel being located on a display side of the display panel; and a bonding component between the display panel and the touch panel, and configured to bond the display panel and the touch panel. A maximum space between two adjacent wirings of the plurality of wirings of the touch panel is not greater than 10?, and ? is the wavelength of light emitted by the display panel.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode includes a semiconductor light-emitting stack, a transparent conductive layer, a first current blocking layer, and a first electrode pad. The transparent conductive layer is disposed on the semiconductor light-emitting stack, and is formed with a first opening defined by an inner edge thereof. The first current blocking layer is formed on the semiconductor light-emitting stack, and is surrounded by and spaced apart from the inner edge of the transparent conductive layer by a first gap. The first electrode pad fully covers the first current blocking layer so as to permit the first electrode pad to be in contact with the semiconductor light-emitting stack through the first gap.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating mammals having a spinal cord injury (SCI). For example, methods and materials for administering a composition containing exogenous nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1polypeptide (or a biologically active fragment thereof) alone or in combination with a D1x2 polypeptide (or a biologically active fragment thereof) to a mammal having SCI are provided. This document also provides methods and materials involved in treating mammals having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For example, methods and materials for administering a composition containing exogenous nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1 polypeptide (or a biologically active fragment thereof) alone or in combination with an Isl 1 polypeptide (or a biologically active fragment thereof) to a mammal having ALS are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating mammals having had a hemorrhagic stroke. For example, methods and materials for administering a composition containing exogenous nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1 polypeptide and exogenous nucleic acid encoding a Dlx2 polypeptide to a mammal having had a hemorrhagic stroke are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating mammals having a neurological disorder in the brain (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). For example, methods and materials for administering a composition including exogenous nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1 polypeptide to a mammal having a neurological disorder in the brain are provided.

Abstract: A display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The display device includes a display panel having a display region and a non-display region that are divided in a plane where a light-emitting surface of the display panel is located, a drive circuit plate being disposed on the non-display region; a light transmission layer which is extended from the display region to above the drive circuit plate within the non-display region and has an opening, the opening being adjacent to a boundary of the drive circuit plate close to the display region and being disposed on a side of the drive circuit plate close to the display region.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for generating GABAergic neurons in brains. For example, methods and materials for using nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1 polypeptide and nucleic acid encoding a Dlx2 polypeptide to trigger glial cells (e.g., NG2 glial cells or astrocytes) within the brain (e.g., striatum) into forming GABAergic neurons (e.g., neurons resembling medium spiny neurons such as DARPP32-positive GABAergic neurons) that are functionally integrated into the brain of a living mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: A light emitting diode device includes a light emitting epitaxial layered structure and a current spreading layer formed on the light emitting epitaxial layered structure. The current spreading layer has a top surface and a bottom surface that are respectively distal from and proximal to the light emitting epitaxial layered structure, and a peripheral surface that interconnects the top surface and the bottom surface and that is formed with a first patterned structure. The peripheral surface and the bottom surface cooperatively define an interior angle included therebetween which is greater than 90° and smaller than 180°.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating brain injuries. For example, methods and materials for using nucleic acid encoding a NeuroD1 polypeptide to convert reactive astrocytes within a brain (e.g., cerebral cortex) into functional neurons (e.g., neurons that can be functionally integrated into the brain of a living mammal (e.g., a human)) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating a mammal having Huntington's disease. For example, methods and materials for forming GABAergic neurons that are functionally integrated into the brain of a living mammal (e.g., a human) and/or for modifying one or both huntingtin (Htt) genes (or HTT RNAs or HTT polypeptides) present in a mammal with Huntington's disease are provided.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for switching an RRC state. The method includes: sending, by a communications apparatus, indication information to a network device, where the indication information is used to indicate that the communications apparatus requests to enter an RRC inactive state; after completing a registration process of an RRC connected state, receiving, by the communications apparatus, an RRC connection release message that is sent by the network device based on the indication information, where the RRC connection release message is used to indicate the communications apparatus to enter the RRC inactive state; and entering, by the communications apparatus, the RRC inactive state from the RRC connected state based on the RRC connection release message. In this way, energy consumption of the terminal-side communications apparatus can be effectively reduced, and network resource consumption can also be reduced.

Abstract: A meltable smokeless tobacco composition configured for insertion into the mouth of a user is provided. The smokeless tobacco composition includes a tobacco material and a lipid having a melting point of about 36° C. to about 45° C. An associated process is also provided. The process includes melting a lipid having a melting point of about 36° C. to about 45° C. to form a molten lipid composition, mixing a tobacco material with the molten lipid composition to form a molten smokeless tobacco composition, and cooling the molten smokeless tobacco composition to form a solidified smokeless tobacco composition.

Abstract: Neonatal seizure is different from adult seizure, and many anti epileptic drugs that are effective in adults often fail to treat neonatal seizure. Gluconic acid, a natural organic acid enriched in fruits and honey, and the glucose oxidase enzyme, is shown herein to potently inhibit neonatal epilepsy both in vitro and in vivo. Sodium gluconate is shown to inhibit epileptiform burst activity in cell cultures and protect neurons from kainic acid-induced cell death. Sodium gluconate also inhibited epileptiform burst activity in brain slices in a manner that was much more potent in neonatal animals than in older animals. Consistently, in vivo EEC recordings also revealed that sodium gluconate inhibited the epileptic seizure activity in a manner that was much more potent in neonates than in adult animals. Mechanistically, sodium gluconate inhibits voltage-dependent CLC-3 C1? channels both in neuronal cultures and in hippocampal slices.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for reducing memory loss. For example, methods and materials for using inhibitors of GAT-3 polypeptide activity to reduce memory loss in mammals suffering from Alzheimer's disease are provided.

Abstract: Sulfide stress cracking of a metal component may be inhibited by treating the metal component with a mixture comprising at least one organic aldehyde and at least one surfactant. Such metal components may be those suitable for use in a downhole environment, at a well site, in a storage facility, in a transportation infrastructure, in a refinery facility, and any combination thereof where the metal component may be exposed to hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides method, apparatus, and storage medium for media file delivery. The method includes: obtaining a target resource consumption and an actual resource consumption of a first media file, one time of delivery of the first media file corresponding to one time of resource consumption; comparing the target resource consumption with the actual resource consumption, to obtain a first comparison result; adjusting, according to the first comparison result, a value of a resource contention parameter of the first media file from a first value to a second value, the resource contention parameter being used for determining a delivery order of the first media file when the first media file participates in a delivery contention; and performing a first delivery operation on the first media file according to the resource contention parameter whose value is the second value.

Abstract: A meltable smokeless tobacco composition configured for insertion into the mouth of a user is provided. The smokeless tobacco composition includes a tobacco material and a lipid having a melting point of about 36° C. to about 45° C. An associated process is also provided. The process includes melting a lipid having a melting point of about 36° C. to about 45° C. to form a molten lipid composition, mixing a tobacco material with the molten lipid composition to form a molten smokeless tobacco composition, and cooling the molten smokeless tobacco composition to form a solidified smokeless tobacco composition.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layered structure, an electrode unit, and an anti-adsorption layer. The electrode unit is disposed on an electrode connecting region of the semiconductor layered structure. The anti-adsorption layer is disposed on a top surface of the electrode unit opposite to the semiconductor layered structure and is electrically connected to the electrode unit. The anti-adsorption layer has an adsorption capacity for at least one of gaseous contaminants and particulate contaminants which is lower than that of the electrode unit. Also disclosed herein is a light-emitting system including the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A lower limb training rehabilitation apparatus, comprising a weight reducing device, a pelvis supporting device, an exoskeleton device, a control system for controlling mechanical movements of the rehabilitation apparatus, and a treadmill used for walking of a patient. The rehabilitation apparatus hoists the upper body of the patient by means of the weight reducing device, then fixes the crotch of the patient to the pelvis supporting device, and fixes two legs of the patient to two mechanical legs of the exoskeleton device. A power source drives the pelvis supporting device to move up and down, so that the patient can move in the vertical direction; in addition, a sliding base of the pelvis supporting device can assist the patient in moving left and right, swinging left and right, and twisting. The mechanical legs and the treadmill together implement arbitrary movements in six degrees of freedom of the patient.