Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner which comprises(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of a pigment dispersed in an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin particles and a counterionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of said resin particles to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding a stabilizer of in situ tricalcium phosphate solid particulants generated from a solution of calcium chloride and trisodium phosphate;(v) heating the mixture of (iii) and (iv) above about the Tg of the resin particles to obtain toner size particles comprised of resin and pigment;(vi) washing with an acid to dissolve the trisodium phosphate; and(vii) optionally washing with water, and optionally drying the toner obtained.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising(i) solubilizing an imide based resin in water at pH of from about 10 to about 13 and which solubilizing is accomplished in the presence of nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants; followed by precipitating the resulting dissolved imide resin into colloidal particles with a size diameter of from about 20 nanometers to about 500 nanometers, and which precipitating is accomplished with a high shearing device operating at a speed of from about 500 to about 2,000 revolutions per minute; acidifying the resulting mixture to a pH of from about 2 to about 4;(ii) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an oppositely charged ionic surfactant and optionally charge control agent;(iii) shearing (i) and (ii), thereby causing a flocculation of the resin, pigment, surfactants, and optional charge control agent;(iv) heating the resulting flocculent mixture of (iii) with stirring at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a combination of color toners comprised of a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner, and a black toner, each of said toners being comprised of resin and pigment, and wherein the pigment is cyan, magenta, yellow and black, each of the said pigments are dispersed in a nonionic, or neutral charge surfactant, and wherein each toner in the combination is prepared by(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment and nonionic water soluble surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and(iv) heating said bound toner size aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

Abstract: A toner comprised of pigment, and an addition polymer resin generated from about 55 to about 80 weight percent of styrene, from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of acrylate, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of acrylonitrile, and from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of acrylic acid.

Abstract: A process comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex comprised of water, resin, a counterionic or anionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said latex is prepared by the addition of monomers containing a chain transfer agent and a organic soluble initiator to a water phase containing a anionic surfactant, and said nonionic surfactant, followed by the addition of a water soluble initiator, and subsequently heating;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

Abstract: An ink for ink jet printing includes an emulsifiable polymer resin and a pigment, and may be made by: (a) combining (1) an emulsion of an emulsifiable polymer resin in an anionic medium with (2) a pigment and a cationic surfactant; and (b) aggregating particles in the mixture of step (a) to a desired particle size, thereby producing a solution of aggregated particles. The particles can optionally be coalesced to alter the particle size of the particles.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said resin contains an acid functionality;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding anionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(v) coalescing said aggregates by heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin;(vi) reacting said resin of (v) with acid functionality with a base to form an acrylic acid salt, and which salt is ion exchanged in water with a base or a salt, optionally in the presence of metal oxide particles, to control the toner triboelectrical charge, which toner i

Abstract: An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions, or particles comprised ofi) flushing a pigment into a sulfonated polyester resin, and which resin has a degree of sulfonation of from between about 2.5 and 20 mol percent;ii) dispersing the resulting sulfonated pigmented polyester resin into water, which water is at a temperature of from about 40 to about 95.degree. C., by a high speed shearing polytron device operating at speeds of from about 100 to about 5,000 revolutions per minute thereby enabling the formation of stable toner sized submicron particles, and which particles are of a volume average diameter of from about 5 to about 200 nanometers;iii) allowing the resulting dispersion to cool to from about 5 to about 10.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature of said pigmented sulfonated polyester resin;iv) adding an alkali metal halide solution, which solution contains from about 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a latex or emulsion resin comprised of a polyester core encapsulated within a styrene based resin shell by heating said polyester emulsion containing an anionic surfactant with a mixture of monomers of styrene and acrylic acid, and with potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium bisulfite, or mixtures thereof;(ii) adding a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent, followed by the sharing of the resulting blend;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carrier particles which comprises mixing a dispersion of water, submicron magnetic particles, and ionic surfactant with a latex comprised of resin particles suspended in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant that is counterionic in charge to said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant; thereafter heating the resulting mixture below about the latex resin glass transition temperature (Tg) while stirring to form aggregates, followed by increasing the temperature of said mixture to about above the latex resin Tg, and subsequently adding additional counterionic or nonionic surfactant solution to minimize, or avoid any further growth in particle size during heating of the mixture about above the latex resin Tg, and wherein said resin Tg is in the range of from between about 45.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer latex particles comprising:(a) conducting a pre-reaction emulsification which comprises emulsification of the polymerization reagents of monomer, polar comonomer, water, surfactant, chain transfer agent, and initiator, and wherein said emulsification is accomplished at a low temperature of from about 3.degree. to about 35.degree. C.; and(b) accomplishing an emulsion polymerization, which comprises heating the emulsified mixture of (a) in a reactor at from about 25.degree. to about about 125.degree. C. and retaining the contents of the reactor for an effective time period at said temperature of from about 25.degree. to about about 12.degree. C., followed by cooling.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer compositions which comprises mixing a conductive component with an anionic polymeric latex containing a polymer; adding a cationic surfactant, or flocculant whereby the aggregation of the latex particles and the conductive component particles results; subsequently adding colloidal stabilizer, followed by the addition of a base to obtain a pH of from about 7 to about 12; heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature thereby enabling the severage, or breakage of the formed aggregated particles; further heating above about the polymer glass transition temperature enabling the coalescence of the polymer and conductive component particles; and optionally washing and drying the resulting coalesced product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymer latex particles which comprises the emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomer, polar comonomer, water, surfactant, initiator, and a water phase termination agent, and wherein the water phase termination agent is selected from the group consisting of butanethiol, pentanethiol, hexanethiol, heptanethiol, octanethiol, and carbon tetrabromide (CBr.sub.4).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of fluorescent toner compositions comprising(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in a solvent, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment or dye, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex mixture comprised of a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and resin particles, thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of pigment, resin particles and charge control agent to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and(iii) heating the statically bound aggregated particles to form said toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent, and wherein the pigment or dye is excitable by ultraviolet light in the frequency range of from about 254 to about 366 nanometers and fluoresces in the visible spectrum of from about 400 to about 700 nanometers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of liquid developers comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and optionally adding further anionic, or nonionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(iii) heating the above resulting sheared aqueous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles in an aqueous medium and which particles possess a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) separating from the aqueous medium toner particles of resin and pigment, and dispersing said toner particles in a carrier fluid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend of (ii) about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a volume average diameter of from between about 2 and about 15 microns and with a narrow particle size distribution as reflected in the particle diameter GSD of between about 1.15 and about 1.30, followed by the addition of a water insoluble transition metal containing powder ionic surfactant in an amount of from between about 0.05 and about 5 weight percent based on the weight of the aggregates; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates about above the Tg of the resin to form toner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising (i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with an aqueous latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating the electrostatically bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin, which heating is accomplished at a pH of from about 4.0 to about 6.0 while continuously stirring the electrostatically bound aggregates to form toner particles;(v) washing the toner particles with a basic aqueous solution, which solution is of a pH of from between about 10.0 and about 12.

Abstract: A toner composition includes a styrene/butadiene resin having a weight average molecular weight of less than about 70,000 and a number average molecular weight of from about 8,000 to about 12,000, has a glass transition temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C. and provides excellent gloss and high fix properties at a low fusing temperature. The styrene/butadiene resin is produced by an emulsion polymerization process that includes forming an emulsion of a surfactant, styrene monomer, butadiene monomer and a water-soluble monomer in water, and then polymerizing the monomers in the presence of a water-soluble initiator.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) subsequently adding further anionic or nonionic surfactant solution to minimize further growth in the coalescence (v); and(v) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin and wherein said heating is from a temperature of about 103.degree. to about 120.degree. C., and wherein said toner compositions are spherical in shape.