Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to perform rate adaptation in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU may receive an encoded data stream, which may be encoded according to a Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming (DASH) standard. The WTRU may request and/or receive the data stream from a content server. The WTRU may monitor and/or receive a cross-layer parameter, such as a physical layer parameter, a RRC layer parameter, and/or a MAC layer parameter (e.g., a CQI, a PRB allocation, a MRM, or the like). The WTRU may perform rate adaption based on the cross-layer parameter. For example, the WTRU may set the CE bit of an Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field based on the cross-layer parameter. The WTRU may determine to request the data stream encoded at a different rate based on the cross-layer parameter, the CE bit, and/or a prediction based on the cross-layer parameter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for neighbor discovery in a wireless communication system are disclosed. A neighbor seeking wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send a first beacon based on configuration information provided by the network. The neighbor WTRUs receive the first beacon and may send either a report to the network or send a second beacon to the neighbor seeking WTRU. The network may then provide neighbor WTRU information to the neighbor seeking WTRU. The neighbor discovery may be performed within a pre-defined group of WTRUs that is formed based on proximity to the WTRU and/or an attribute of the WTRU. The neighbor discovery procedure may be performed to find neighbor WTRUs in case where a WTRU fails to find any network. A neighbor list may be generated by the neighbor seeking WTRU by measuring reference signals transmitted by neighbor WTRUs on an uplink to the network.

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed. A user's gaze point may be estimated and may be used to search for and present information, e.g., information relating to areas on which the user is focusing. The user's gaze point may be used to facilitate or enable modes of interactivity and/or user interfaces that may be controlled by the direction of view of the user. Biometric techniques may be used to estimate an emotional state of the user. This estimated emotional state may be used to be the information that is presented to the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cross link (XL) establishment and maintenance are disclosed in which the XL enables direct communication between the LTE WTRU and the another LTE WTRU. In the method and apparatus, a XL between a Long Term Evolution (LTE) terminal wireless transmit/receive unit (T-WTRU) and an LTE helper WTRU (H-WTRU) is established and maintained. The T-WTRU is configured to maintain the XL while in an XL-idle substate in which data communication on the XL is disabled. A receiver of the T-WTRU is configured to receive a first keep alive message on the XL in the XL-idle substate, and, on a condition that the first keep alive message is received, at least one processor of the T-WTRU is configured to maintain the XL.

Abstract: A device may control a video communication via transcoding and/or traffic shaping. The device may include a multipoint control unit (MCU) and/or a server. The device may receive one or more video streams from one or more devices. The device may analyze a received video stream to determine a viewing parameter. The viewing parameter may include a user viewing parameter, a device viewing parameter, and/or a content viewing parameter. The device may modify a video stream based on the viewing parameter. Modifying the video stream may include re-encoding the video stream, adjusting an orientation, removing a video detail, and/or adjusting a bit rate. The device may send the modified video stream to another device. The device may determine a bit rate for the video stream based on the viewing parameter. The device may indicate the bit rate by sending a feedback message and/or by signaling a bandwidth limit.

Abstract: Embodiments contemplate detection, estimation, and/or adaptation to user presence, proximity and/or ambient lighting conditions. Embodiments also contemplate user proximity estimation based on input from sensors in mobile devices. Embodiments further contemplate volume control and/or audio bitstream selection based on an estimate of one or more of these parameters: user's location, age, gender, ambient noise level and/or multiple users. Also, embodiments contemplate detection, estimation, and/or adaptation to user presence and/or user attention to advertisements delivered via various mechanisms, perhaps at various locations.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for managing real-time traffic video flows. A node may comprise a processor configured to receive a first real-time video traffic flow. A state variable may be associated with the first real-time video traffic flow at the node and a state variable may be associated with the second real-time video traffic flow at the node. The first real-time video traffic flow may comprises plurality of packets and each packet may comprise a lost packet indicator. The node may be configured to drop a first packet in the first real-time video traffic flow, update the state variable associated with the first real-time video traffic flow at the node to indicate the dropped packet, and update the lost packet indicator for a second packet in the first real-time video traffic flow based on the dropped packet.

Abstract: Visual information may be delivered to streaming-capable devices in a viewing environment, such as a home environment or a commercial environment. The visual information can be adapted to user behavior and/or viewing conditions in such a way as to deliver a satisfactory user experience while conserving network resources, such as bandwidth and/or capacity. Viewing distance and/or ambient light, which may affect viewing conditions in a viewing environment, may be estimated. Bandwidth may be reduced by eliminating details that may not be perceived by the user in the estimated viewing conditions (e.g., by determining a spatial resolution (e.g. a maximum spatial resolution) perceptible under the viewing conditions and not exceeding that spatial resolution).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cross link (XL) establishment are disclosed. In the method and apparatus, a XL between a terminal wireless transmit/receive unit (T-WTRU) and a helper WTRU (H-WTRU) is established. The T-WTRU and the H-WTRU may be configured to operate in a plurality of RRC states and a plurality of RRC substates. To establish the XL, neighbor discovery, association information exchange, and a H-WTRU selection may be performed. Radio resource control (RRC) configuration of the T-WTRU and the H-WTRU may also be performed. In the method and apparatus, coverage for a T-WTRU may be handed over between a network and a H-WTRU or between two H-WTRUs.

Abstract: An importance level may be associated with a video packet at the video source and/or determined using the history of packet loss corresponding to a video flow. A video packet may be associated with a class and may be further associated within a sub-class, for example, based on importance level. Associating a video packet with an importance level may include receiving a video packet associated with a video stream, assigning an importance level to the video packet, and sending the video packet according to the access category and importance level. The video packet may be characterized by an access category. The importance level may be associated with a transmission priority of the video packet within the access category of the video packet and/or a retransmission limit of the video packet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is HARQ management, scheduling, and measurements, among other things, for cooperative communication. For example, methods herein may be used in situations wherein relaying or helping mechanisms may comprise the use of a relay node which is part of a fixed infrastructure or a relay node which may be a mobile wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). In said situations, a first transmission with first data is established between an evolved NodeB (eNB) and a WTRU. A second transmission with second data is established between a relay node (RN) and the WTRU. Said first and second data are combined for decoding. A single HARQ feedback for said first and second transmissions is sent from the WTRU to the eNB.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is used for generating a perfectly random secret key between two or more transceivers in a wireless communication network. In a point-to-point system, both transceivers produce an estimate of the channel impulse response (CIR) based on the received radio signal. The CIR estimation is synchronized and may include error correction and detection. A long secret key of bits is generated from a digitized version of the CIR estimate, from which a perfectly secret encryption key is derived by privacy amplification.

Abstract: Detecting, avoiding and/or correcting problematic puncturing patterns in parity bit streams used when implementing punctured Turbo codes is achieved without having to avoid desirable code rates. This enables identification/avoidance of regions of relatively poor Turbo code performance. Forward error correction comprising Turbo coding and puncturing achieves a smooth functional relationship between any measure of performance and the effective coding rate resulting from combining the lower rate code generated by the Turbo encoder with puncturing of the parity bits. In one embodiment, methods to correct/avoid degradations due to Turbo coding are implemented by puncturing interactions when two or more stages of rate matching are employed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling proximity services to be delivered as part of an application service and/or for providing tailored services and/or a differential quality of service (QoS) to a flow may be disclosed. For example, a temporary service name between an application and a server such as a D2D server may be established such that a UE and/or network may execute such a service at a later time without later involvement by the application and/or without exchanging credentials for the application with the network and vice versa.

Abstract: Described herein are methods to enable wireless cellular operation in unlicensed and lightly licensed, (collectively referred to as license exempt spectrum. Cognitive methods are used to enable use of unlicensed bands and/or secondary use of lightly licensed bands. Wireless devices may use licensed exempt spectrum as new bands in addition to the existing bands to transmit to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in the downlink direction, or to a base station in the uplink direction. The wireless devices may access license exempt spectrum for bandwidth aggregation or relaying using a carrier aggregation framework. In particular, a primary component carrier operating in a licensed spectrum is used for control and connection establishment and a second component carrier operating in a licensed exempt spectrum is used for bandwidth extension.

Abstract: A WTRU may be configured to receive configuration information. The received configuration information may be from a base station, and may indicate one or more periodic resources. The periodic resources may be used in peer to peer discovery, and may include time and frequency resources. If the WTRU is a discoverable peer, the WTRU may be configured to transmit an identification in the periodic resources. The WTRU may transmit an identification that is associated with a service. The WTRU may be configured to access a wireless network in response to another WTRU desiring communication.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for neighbor discovery in a wireless communication system are disclosed. A neighbor seeking wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send a first beacon based on configuration information provided by the network. The neighbor WTRUs receive the first beacon and may send either a report to the network or send a second beacon to the neighbor seeking WTRU. The network may then provide neighbor WTRU information to the neighbor seeking WTRU. The neighbor discovery may be performed within a pre-defined group of WTRUs that is formed based on proximity to the WTRU and/or an attribute of the WTRU. The neighbor discovery procedure may be performed to find neighbor WTRUs in case where a WTRU fails to find any network. A neighbor list may be generated by the neighbor seeking WTRU by measuring reference signals transmitted by neighbor WTRUs on an uplink to the network.

Abstract: HARQ parameters (e.g., maximum HARQ retransmission values) may be adapted. Cross-layer control and/or logical channel control may be used to select a maximum number of HARQ retransmissions, for example based on packet priority and/or QCI values. Respective priorities of video packets may be used to select one of a plurality of logical channels associated with a video application that may be established at a source wireless hop and/or a destination wireless hop. The logical channels have different HARQ characteristics. Different maximum HARQ retransmission values may be determined for select logical channels, for example such that packets of different priorities may be transmitted over different logical channels. One or more of the channels may be associated with one or more transmission queues that may have different priority designations. Video packets may be reordered (e.g., with respect to transmission order) within the transmission queues, for example in accordance with respective HARQ parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for advanced topology (AT) policy management for direct communication between wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) is described. A WTRU configured to communicate directly with at least one other WTRU in an AT mode of operation includes a memory, a central processing unit and an AT policy unit that is separate from the CPU. The AT policy unit is configured to store at least one AT policy in the memory, activate and de-activate an AT application that runs the AT mode of operation based on the at least one AT policy stored in the memory, receive data from at least one application within the WTRU other than the AT application, and control the at least one application within the WTRU other than the AT application based on the at least one AT policy stored in the memory.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used to perform WTRU-WTRU paging in wireless communications. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to page another WTRU. In this example, the paging WTRU may receive a first message that indicates a group identification (ID). The WTRU may receive a second message that may include an indicator that indicates one or more other WTRUs that the paging WTRU may page. If the received indicator matches a paging indicator of the paging WTRU, the paging WTRU may transmit an access signal to one or more other WTRUs. The paging indicator of the paging WTRU may be predetermined, and may be received in a configuration message from a base station (BS). The first message may be a secondary advanced (SA)-preamble.