Abstract: A method and apparatus for advanced topology (AT) policy management for direct communication between wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) is described. A WTRU configured to communicate directly with at least one other WTRU in an AT mode of operation includes a memory, a central processing unit and an AT policy unit that is separate from the CPU. The AT policy unit is configured to store at least one AT policy in the memory, activate and de-activate an AT application that runs the AT mode of operation based on the at least one AT policy stored in the memory, receive data from at least one application within the WTRU other than the AT application, and control the at least one application within the WTRU other than the AT application based on the at least one AT policy stored in the memory.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used to perform WTRU-WTRU paging in wireless communications. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to page another WTRU. In this example, the paging WTRU may receive a first message that indicates a group identification (ID). The WTRU may receive a second message that may include an indicator that indicates one or more other WTRUs that the paging WTRU may page. If the received indicator matches a paging indicator of the paging WTRU, the paging WTRU may transmit an access signal to one or more other WTRUs. The paging indicator of the paging WTRU may be predetermined, and may be received in a configuration message from a base station (BS). The first message may be a secondary advanced (SA)-preamble.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cross link (XL) establishment are disclosed. In the method and apparatus, a XL between a terminal wireless transmit/receive unit (T-WTRU) and a helper WTRU (H-WTRU) is established. The T-WTRU and the H-WTRU may be configured to operate in a plurality of RRC states and a plurality of RRC substates. To establish the XL, neighbor discovery, association information exchange, and a H-WTRU selection may be performed. Radio resource control (RRC) configuration of the T-WTRU and the H-WTRU may also be performed. In the method and apparatus, coverage for a T-WTRU may be handed over between a network and a H-WTRU or between two H-WTRUs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling crosslink (XL) establishment are disclosed. In the method and apparatus, the XL between a terminal wireless transmit/receive unit (T-WTRU) and a helper WTRU (H-WTRU) is controlled, whereby the T-WTRU and the H-WTRU may be in a radio resource control (RRC) Idle mode and may perform discontinuous reception (DRX). Further, the T-WTRU may transition between infrastructure coverage mode and WTRU-to-WTRU (W2W) coverage mode. Additionally, neighbor discovery and H-WTRU selection are performed and association between the T-WTRU and H-WTRU is established and maintained.

Abstract: Detecting, avoiding and/or correcting problematic puncturing patterns in parity bit streams used when implementing punctured Turbo codes is achieved without having to avoid desirable code rates. This enables identification/avoidance of regions of relatively poor Turbo code performance. Forward error correction comprising Turbo coding and puncturing achieves a smooth functional relationship between any measure of performance and the effective coding rate resulting from combining the lower rate code generated by the Turbo encoder with puncturing of the parity bits. In one embodiment, methods to correct/avoid degradations due to Turbo coding are implemented by puncturing interactions when two or more stages of rate matching are employed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is HARQ management, scheduling, and measurements, among other things, for cooperative communication. For example, methods herein may be used in situations wherein relaying or helping mechanisms may comprise the use of a relay node which is part of a fixed infrastructure or a relay node which may be a mobile wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). In said situations, a first transmission with first data is established between an evolved NodeB (eNB) and a WTRU. A second transmission with second data is established between a relay node (RN) and the WTRU. Said first and second data are combined for decoding. A single HARQ feedback for said first and second transmissions is sent from the WTRU to the eNB.

Abstract: Detecting, avoiding and/or correcting problematic puncturing patterns in parity bit streams used when implementing punctured Turbo codes is achieved without having to avoid desirable code rates. This enables identification/avoidance of regions of relatively poor Turbo code performance. Forward error correction comprising Turbo coding and puncturing achieves a smooth functional relationship between any measure of performance and the effective coding rate resulting from combining the lower rate code generated by the Turbo encoder with puncturing of the parity bits. In one embodiment, methods to correct/avoid degradations due to Turbo coding are implemented by puncturing interactions when two or more stages of rate matching are employed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) are disclosed. A received signal includes signal energy on multiple basis functions. Desired signal energy in the received signal is transformed onto a first basis function with constant polarity. The desired signal energy is estimated by coherently averaging signal energy on the first basis function. A noise power is estimated by averaging signal energy on each basis function other than the first basis function and accumulating the averaged signal energy from the basis function other than the first basis function and scaling the accumulated signal energy to account for a noise estimate from the first basis function. An SIR is estimated by dividing the desired signal energy by the noise power.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used to perform WTRU-WTRU paging in wireless communications. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to page another WTRU. In this example, the paging WTRU may receive a first message that indicates a group identification (ID). The WTRU may receive a second message that may include an indicator that indicates one or more other WTRUs that the paging WTRU may page. If the received indicator matches a paging indicator of the paging WTRU, the paging WTRU may transmit an access signal to one or more other WTRUs. The paging indicator of the paging WTRU may be predetermined, and may be received in a configuration message from a base station (BS). The first message may be a secondary advanced (SA)-preamble.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adaptively biasing a channel quality indicator (CQI) used for setting a configuration of communication between a transmitter and a receiver in a wireless communication system. The receiver sends a CQI and positive acknowledgement (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK) messages to the transmitter. The ACK/NACK messages indicate the absence or presence of error, respectively, in a transmitted data packet. The CQI is derived from the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and the ACK/NACK messages. The transmitter calculates the block error rate (BLER) of the transmitted data packets based upon the ACK/NACK messages sent from the receiver. The transmitter compares the BLER of the transmitted data packets to a target BLER and biases the CQI based on the comparison in order to achieve the target BLER.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to perform rate adaptation in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU may receive an encoded data stream, which may be encoded according to a Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming (DASH) standard. The WTRU may request and/or receive the data stream from a content server. The WTRU may monitor and/or receive a cross-layer parameter, such as a physical layer parameter, a RRC layer parameter, and/or a MAC layer parameter (e.g., a CQI, a PRB allocation, a MRM, or the like). The WTRU may perform rate adaption based on the cross-layer parameter. For example, the WTRU may set the CE bit of an Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field based on the cross-layer parameter. The WTRU may determine to request the data stream encoded at a different rate based on the cross-layer parameter, the CE bit, and/or a prediction based on the cross-layer parameter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used to perform WTRU-WTRU paging in wireless communications. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to page another WTRU. In this example, the paging WTRU may receive a first message that indicates a group identification (ID). The WTRU may receive a second message that may include an indicator that indicates one or more other WTRUs that the paging WTRU may page. If the received indicator matches a paging indicator of the paging WTRU, the paging WTRU may transmit an access signal to one or more other WTRUs. The paging indicator of the paging WTRU may be predetermined, and may be received in a configuration message from a base station (BS). The first message may be a secondary advanced (SA)-preamble.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are measurement and interference avoidance for direct device-to-device (D2D) links. A method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The method may include determining a sounding reference signal (SRS) to detect high interference and facilitate measurements on a link with another WTRU. The method may also include using the SRS on a direct link with another WTRU.

Abstract: Device-to-device (D2D) cross link power control systems and methods may be disclosed. For example, a device such as a UE or WTRU may determine whether it may have simultaneous transmissions where at least one of the transmissions may include a cross link transmission. The device may further determine whether a total transmit power of the simultaneous transmissions may exceed a maximum transmit power of the device. If the device may have simultaneous transmissions and such transmissions may exceed the maximum transmit power, the device may reallocate power based on a priority or priority setting. The device may further determine a maximum cross link power, a maximum device power, and a cross link transmit power level such that the device may further control the power for transmissions based thereon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mobility for device-to-device (D2D) communications is disclosed. A WTRU may store a proximity detection configuration that includes a measurement object corresponding to at least one discovery signal property, perform a proximity detection measurement to detect a discovery signal property, and then establish D2D communication. A radio resource control (RRC) Measurement Report may be received from a WTRU. Methods for D2D mobility procedures are also disclosed including mobility to or from a direct path, to or from a local path, to or from an infrastructure path, changing serving cell, and cell reselection. Other embodiments include: behavior upon mobility failure, radio link failure, and direct link failure. Security configuration and activation methods and apparatuses are also disclosed. Network methods for inter-eNB management are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for maintaining communications over a bearer when at least one of two wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) transition to idle mode. In one case, a direct WTRU-to-WTRU bearer may be released in response to a first one of the WTRUs transitioning to idle mode. A second one of the WTRUs may send a first of a plurality of packets to the first WTRU via a default packet data network (PDN) connection or a default bearer towards the PDN connection. The first packet may have a destination Internet protocol (IP) address of the second WTRU and trigger paging to the first WTRU. The first WTRU may transition to connected mode in response to the paging. Other cases may release a portion of a bearer, rather than the entire bearer. A method and apparatus for initiating proximity service bearer establishment is also described.

Abstract: Detecting, avoiding and/or correcting problematic puncturing patterns in parity bit streams used when implementing punctured Turbo codes is achieved without having to avoid desirable code rates. This enables identification/avoidance of regions of relatively poor Turbo code performance. Forward error correction comprising Turbo coding and puncturing achieves a smooth functional relationship between any measure of performance and the effective coding rate resulting from combining the lower rate code generated by the Turbo encoder with puncturing of the parity bits. In one embodiment, methods to correct/avoid degradations due to Turbo coding are implemented by puncturing interactions when two or more stages of rate matching are employed.

Abstract: Detecting, avoiding and/or correcting problematic puncturing patterns in parity bit streams used when implementing punctured Turbo codes is achieved without having to avoid desirable code rates. This enables identification/avoidance of regions of relatively poor Turbo code performance. Forward error correction comprising Turbo coding and puncturing achieves a smooth functional relationship between any measure of performance and the effective coding rate resulting from combining the lower rate code generated by the Turbo encoder with puncturing of the parity bits. In one embodiment, methods to correct/avoid degradations due to Turbo coding are implemented by puncturing interactions when two or more stages of rate matching are employed.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer including an equalizer filter and a tap coefficients generator used to process a sample data stream derived from a plurality of received signals is disclosed. The tap coefficients generator includes an equalizer tap update unit, a vector norm square estimator, an active taps mask generator, a switch and a pilot amplitude reference unit used to minimize the dynamic range of the equalizer filter. A dynamic mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when an unmasked signal output by the equalizer filter is selected by the switch to generate an error signal fed to the equalizer tap update unit. A fixed mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when a masked signal output by the equalizer filter is used to generate the error signal.