Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for managing a connection state of a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) that is in Mobile Initiated Communication Only (MICO) mode are disclosed. One representative method may include the WTRU obtaining information indicating that the WTRU is to initiate registration prior to sending a Service Request (SR). The representative method may further include the WTRU sending a registration request in accordance with the obtained information and sending a SR after registering with a Network Entity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: A method implemented on a UE includes determining an application class of an application, and permitting or barring access by the application to a communication network according to a comparison of the determined application with a rule to provide application class based access control. The application is classified into the determined application class. The application is classified into the determined application class by a home network. The application is classified into the determined application class by a 3GPP layer. The application is classified into the determined application class by a visited network. The visited network classifies the application into a further application class. The rule includes a list of applications for permitting or barring access by the applications according to the comparison of the determined application class with the rule.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed that may be implemented in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and/or a UAV-controller (UAV-C). In one representative method, the UAV may switch from a first Command and Control (C2) communication link between a UAV and a first UAV-C to a second C2 communication link for C2 communications. The method may include determining, by the WTRU, to switch C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link based on a C2 switching condition; sending, by the WTRU to a C2 control entity, a notification indicating link information used to determine switching from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link; receiving, by the WTRU from the C2 control entity, information indicating a switch; and switching, by the WTRU, C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link.

Abstract: A WTRU may initiate access for a PDU session over multiple access networks. The WTRU may register with two or more access networks. For example, the WTRU may register with a 3GPP access network (e.g., LTE Advanced) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi). The WTRU may determine to request a multi-access PDU session for a (e.g., at least one) PDU session. A multi-access PDU session may correspond to a PDU session where the WTRU communicates one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the 3GPP access network and one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the non-3GPP access network. The WTRU may receive a confirmation message indicating that a multi-access PDU session has been established. The WTRU may send uplink data over the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network, e.g., in accordance with the established multi-access PDU session.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for supporting artificial intelligence and machine learning operations in a 3GPP communication network are provided. A method may include receiving, by a WTRU, an indication of requirements and/or constraints associated with one or more WTRU applications. Based on the requirements and/or constraints associated with the one or more WTRU applications, the method may include determining one or more machine learning (ML) based analytics, data, and/or predictions to request from a network and/or internal WTRU ML modules. The method may then include transmitting, to the network and/or the internal WTRU ML modules, a request or subscription for the one or more ML based analytics, data, and/or predictions, and receiving a response or notification of the one or more ML based analytics, data, and/or predictions from the network and/or the internal WTRU ML modules.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided for a network control node for connecting a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a network slice in a network. The network control node may receive service information associated with a service being requested by the WTRU, wherein the service information comprises one or more of a service class, a quality of service (QoS) requirement, or a mobility characteristic. The network control node may determine slice information associated with a plurality of network slices, wherein the slice information comprises one or more of an identifier of the network slice, priority of the network slice, a service class served by the network slice, a target device class, a QoS target, mobility support, security service, charging information, and/or performance information. The network control node may determine subscriber information for the WTRU.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish a multi-access (MA) protocol data unit (PDU) in accordance with the examples described herein. The WTRU may establish a new packet data network (PDN) connection or identify a suitable existing PDN connection in an evolved packet core (EPC), establish a MA-PDU in a 5G core network (5GC), and associate the existing PDN with the MA-PDU. The WTRU may already have a MA-PDU session established in 5GC with both 3GGP access leg and non-3GPP access leg in 5GC, and the WTRU may replace the 3GGP access leg in 5GC with a suitable PDN connection in EPC. The WTRU may send a request for establishing a single-access PDU session in 5GC via non-3GPP access, and a 5GC network may upgrade a PDU session established for the WTRU to a MA-PDU with 3GGP access leg in EPC.

Abstract: A reader device may receive a request including a permanent device identifier (PDI) for an ambient-power-enabled internet of things (AIoT) device. The reader device may generate an encrypted temporary device identifier (ETDI) based on application of an encryption algorithm to the PDI. Further, the reader device may obtain a short-ETDI based on application of a bitmask to the ETDI. Also, the reader device may transmit, over a radio interface, a trigger message including the short-ETDI to the AIoT device. Moreover, the reader device may receive, over the radio interface, a random access (RA) response message including the short-ETDI from the AIoT device. In an example, the request may be an inventory request, and the inventory request may be received from an AIoT function. Further, the request may include an indication that encryption is supported by the AIoT device.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to analytics-based user plane optimization are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: A network node may receive a message indicating one or more analytics parameters to be provided to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The information may indicate a method for the network to provide the analytics information to the WTRU. The network node may determine whether to send the analytics information to the WTRU via a control plane or a user plane based on a reporting mode indicated in the message. The network node may send the analytics information to the WTRU via the control plane using a non-access stratum message if the network node determines to send the analytics information via the control plane. The network node may send the analytics information to the WTRU via one or more of a user plane function or an application function if the network node determines to send the analytics information via the user plane.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) implemented in a first unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV1) includes registering detect and avoid (DAA) capability in a registration message transmitted by the first UAV to an unmanned aerial system (UAS) service supplier (USS), detecting a flight path conflict with a second UAV (UAV2), selecting a unicast or broadcast communication mode with the UAV2, transmitting to the UAV2 the DAA capability of the UAV1 and a deconfliction message based on the selected communication mode, and avoiding a collision by executing a trajectory correction.

Abstract: A method for slice authentication in a mobile telephone network. A WTRU performs, during a registration procedure with an Access and Mobility management Function, AMF, of a network, primary authentication of the WTRU, during which registration procedure the WTRU receives from the AMF a message indicating successful registration and including at least one of an indication of at least one network slice-specific authentication and authorization for slice access, SSSA, procedure to be executed following the registration procedure, a list of slices for which the WTRU is allowed access, and a list of slices for which SSSA is needed for access by the WTRU, and performs, after successful registration, at least one SSSA of the WTRU for accessing a first slice in the network.

Abstract: A method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit, WTRU, for selecting a local network for the WTRU to join includes storing steering of roaming, SoR, information for a plurality of local service hosting networks, wherein the SoR information includes an indication of a priority order in a list of network identifiers, switching to an access mode for network searching, searching for a local service hosting network to join from among the plurality of local service hosting networks, and selecting a local service hosting network to join based on the indication of the priority order in the list of network identifiers. The method may further include updating the SoR information during any one or more of a periodic procedure or a mobility registration procedure.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided for a network control node for connecting a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a network slice in a network. The network control node may receive service information associated with a service being requested by the WTRU, wherein the service information comprises one or more of a service class, a quality of service (QoS) requirement, or a mobility characteristic. The network control node may determine slice information associated with a plurality of network slices, wherein the slice information comprises one or more of an identifier of the network slice, priority of the network slice, a service class served by the network slice, a target device class, a QoS target, mobility support, security service, charging information, and/or performance information. The network control node may determine subscriber information for the WTRU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed that are associated with cellular communications for unmanned aerial vehicles and associated devices. A WTRU may initiate multiple PDU sessions. The WTRU may initiate a first protocol data unit (PDU) session. The WTRU may receive one or more session parameters for a second PDU session. The one or more session parameters for the second PDU session may be received via the first PDU session. The WTRU may initiate the second PDU session using the one or more session parameters (e.g., based on an authentication and authorization associated with the first PDU session being successful). The WTRU may send or receive an operation communication via the second PDU session. The operation communication may comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle command and control message or an unmanned aerial vehicle payload message.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: A method implemented in a Wireless Transmit Receive Unit (WTRU) for controlling resource usage associated with delivery of training results for a machine learning (ML) operation includes receiving one-way packet delay measurements between the WTRU and an Application Server or Application Function (AS/AF), predicting one or more upcoming one-way packet delays using the one-way packet delay measurements, determining whether the WTRU is capable of processing and delivering training results of the ML operation to the AS/AF within a specified time period based on the predicted upcoming one-way packet delays, and initiating one of a packet data unit session (PDU) release procedure or a PDU session modification procedure.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed that may be implemented in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and/or a UAV-controller (UAV-C). In one representative method, the UAV may switch from a first Command and Control (C2) communication link between a UAV and a first UAV-C to a second C2 communication link for C2 communications. The method may include determining, by the WTRU, to switch C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link based on a C2 switching condition; sending, by the WTRU to a C2 control entity, a notification indicating link information used to determine switching from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link; receiving, by the WTRU from the C2 control entity, information indicating a switch; and switching, by the WTRU, C2 communications from the first C2 communication link to the second C2 communication link.