Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), of receiving a mobile terminated (MT) transmission using an ambient Internet of Things (IOT) service (AIS) is described. The method includes the WTRU receiving an activation signal from a radio access network (RAN) node and harvesting energy. The WTRU determines a format of the received activation signal and based on the format of the activation signal, determines to begin an MT Data procedure with the network. The WTRU receives system information broadcasted by the RAN node and determines to continue the MT data procedure with the network. The WTRU transmits a MT data request message to the RAN node; and receives a MT data container message from the RAN node. The MT data request may include an RRC part and NAS part. The MT data request may include a device identifier and an AIS ID.

Abstract: One or more systems, devices, and/or methods may address approaches and use techniques described herein to onboard a device when the device does not have a predetermined home network. The device may indicate, explicitly or implicitly, that it does not have a home network to an onboarding network. The onboarding network may authenticate the device, then provide the device with a provisioning server address. The onboarding network may initiate a unified data management service, and provide the provisioning server with a temporary identifier for the device. The device may establish a connection with the provisioning server, and provide the temporary credentials to the device. The device may use the temporary credentials to register with the onboarding network.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method for implementing by a Wireless Transmit-Receive Unit (WTRU) includes receiving, from a Primary Mobile Network (PMN), information related to a Secondary Mobile Network (SMN), selecting the PMN in response to the information related to the SMN, registering to the selected PMN, and, in response to a trigger, and based on a factor related to Quality of Service (QoS) and on the information related to the SMN, requesting establishment of a Multi-Access Protocol Data Unit (MA-PDU) session having DualSteer functionality and with an access leg over the registered PMN and with another access leg.

Abstract: A procedure performed by a network node of providing an Ambient IoT service (AIS) is described. The procedure includes a network node receiving an API request from an application server to perform a procedure with one or more ambient IoT devices. The request may include a time duration. The network node invokes a UDM service UDM to check application servicer authorization to perform the procedure. The network node determines at least an AMF identity. The network node invokes an AMF service requesting the AMF initiate a procedure with one or more ambient IoT devices. A response is received from the AMF including at least one identifier of an Ambient IoT device. The network nodes sends a response to the application server, the response including the at least one identifier of an Ambient IoT device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for secure access control in wireless communications are disclosed. In an example, a method includes receiving a broadcast message including system information, identifying a first set of hashed identifiers (IDs) and a first random number based on the system information, and each ID of the first set of hashed IDs is individually hashed using at least the first random number. The method also includes calculating a first hash value for each ID of a second set of IDs using at least the first random number, determining whether at least a hashed ID of the second set of IDs matches a hashed ID of the first set of hashed IDs, and sending a request message based on a determination that at least a hashed ID of the second set of IDs matches a hashed ID of the first set of hashed IDs.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.

Abstract: A WTRU may initiate access for a PDU session over multiple access networks. The WTRU may register with two or more access networks. For example, the WTRU may register with a 3GPP access network (e.g., LTE Advanced) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi). The WTRU may determine to request a multi-access PDU session for a (e.g., at least one) PDU session. A multi-access PDU session may correspond to a PDU session where the WTRU communicates one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the 3GPP access network and one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the non-3GPP access network. The WTRU may receive a confirmation message indicating that a multi-access PDU session has been established. The WTRU may send uplink data over the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network, e.g., in accordance with the established multi-access PDU session.

Abstract: A method performed by a network node for storing a context for at least one unmanned aerial system includes receiving a notification including information indicative of an identifier of an unmanned aerial system and of a change of serving anchor node for the unmanned aerial system corresponding to the identifier from a first anchor node to a second anchor node. The stored context is updated for the unmanned aerial system where the stored context includes a serving anchor node for the unmanned aerial system to indicate the second anchor node as the serving anchor node.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for enforcing limited mobility in a mobile network. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive (e.g., receive from a network) a mapping of physical cell identifications (PCIs) to area identifications (AIDs). The WTRU may determine a first PCI associated with a first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine, based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping, whether the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection with the first neighbor cell as a cell selection or reselection candidate. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection based on the WTRU determining that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping.

Abstract: A battery cell includes: a shell, including a first wall; an electrode assembly, disposed inside the shell; and a terminal assembly, including an electrode terminal and an elastic member. The electrode terminal includes a fixed portion for electrical connection with the electrode assembly and a movable portion for electrical connection with a current collecting component. The fixed portion is fixedly disposed on the first wall. The movable portion is movably disposed on the first wall, and has a first position in contact with the fixed portion and a second position separated from the fixed portion. The elastic member is used for applying elastic force to the movable portion to maintain the movable portion in the first position. The movable portion is configured to move from the first position to the second position against the elastic force when internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a threshold.

Abstract: Current wireless networks do not allow machine type communication (MTC) devices to have long discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles or sleep lengths. A long DRX cycle may allow MTC systems and devices to operate with much longer DRX/Sleep cycles/periods. This may facilitate the MTC operations for infrequent system access or infrequent system reaching (e.g. paged once in a week) with no or low mobility and may allow MTC devices to sleep for a long time with low power consumption.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive from a network resource allocation information for device to device (D2D) communication. The WTRU may select, from the received resource allocation information for a transmission time interval (TTI), resources for a D2D channel. The WTRU may transmit, with use of the selected resources, data directly to another WTRU.

Abstract: Procedures, mechanisms, methods, and techniques are provided that trigger power saving mode (PSM) functionality in the at least one wireless transmit receive units, group of WTRUs or subset of the group of WTRUs. The trigger may be in response to an application layer request to set one or more predetermined PSM settings, wherein the trigger originates from one or more application servers (APs) directed to a core network by way of an interface such as an SCEF that may be included on a device (e.g., a gateway, computing device, and/or the like) and may be configured for enabling the application server to request enabling and disabling PSM functionality.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for managing a connection state of a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) that is in Mobile Initiated Communication Only (MICO) mode are disclosed. One representative method may include the WTRU obtaining information indicating that the WTRU is to initiate registration prior to sending a Service Request (SR). The representative method may further include the WTRU sending a registration request in accordance with the obtained information and sending a SR after registering with a Network Entity.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for addressing the different types of mobility of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in a network. A radio access network (RAN) may send a request for configuration information to a gateway device including a device ID of a WTRU, a service ID, and a RAN address. Once the RAN receives configuration information from the gateway device including a forwarding table, the RAN may be prepared to receive non-IP data from a WTRU including a routing tag. The routing tag may be based on the device ID of a WTRU and service ID. The RAN may transmit the non-IP data received from the WTRU to the gateway device over a routing path based on the routing tag and a forwarding table where the non-IP data is forwarded on to its detention, such as another WTRU or an Application Server.

Abstract: Current wireless networks do not allow machine type communication (MTC) devices to have long discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles or sleep lengths. A long DRX cycle may allow MTC systems and devices to operate with much longer DRX/Sleep cycles/periods. This may facilitate the MTC operations for infrequent system access or infrequent system reaching (e.g. paged once in a week) with no or low mobility and may allow MTC devices to sleep for a long time with low power consumption.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: A method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) of provisioning the WTRU for communication in a temporary local network includes transmitting, to an onboarding network, information regarding a capability of the WTRU to communicate with the temporary local network. Configuration information for temporary local network provisioning is received from the onboarding network. A message identifying a provisioning configuration for use by the WTRU with the temporary local network is received from the onboarding network, using the received configuration information. A message is sent to the temporary local network using the provisioning configuration.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for enforcing limited mobility in a mobile network. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive (e.g., receive from a network) a mapping of physical cell identifications (PCIs) to area identifications (AIDs). The WTRU may determine a first PCI associated with a first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine, based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping, whether the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection with the first neighbor cell as a cell selection or reselection candidate. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection based on the WTRU determining that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping.