Abstract: In an example, a system comprises at least one body-worn tracking device (BWTD) configured to transmit location data that indicates a location of the BWTD and a computing system configured to communicate with the at least one BWTD. The computing system is configured to receive the location data from the at least one BWTD, determine, based on a set of weighted filters associated with at least one monitoring attribute, at least one gradient value corresponding to the location data, where the at least one gradient value represents a level of the at least one monitoring attribute, and perform at least one operation based on the at least one gradient value.

Abstract: A device comprising an imaging unit for capturing an image of a target object and of an accessory. The accessory comprises a reference target object having a known retroreflective coefficient. The device also comprises a calculating unit for calculating a value of a retroreflective coefficient of the target object based on a comparison of the image of the target to the image of the accessory.

Abstract: A system and method of selecting personal protection equipment (PPE) for a worker. The system identifies sets of PPEs and simulates a fitting of the identified PPE sets to the worker. Fitting includes, for each of the identified PPE sets, selecting a three-dimensional computer model for each article of the PPE set, placing the computer model of each of the PPE articles of the PPE set being fitted on a computer model representing the worker, identifying collisions between the computer models as placed, and taking an action based on the identified collisions.

Abstract: A body-worn tracking device (BWTD) includes a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) device, at least one motion sensor, at least one processor, and at least one memory device. The at least one memory device includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine, based on data generated by the at least one motion sensor, a net distance between the last known location of the BWTD and a current location of the BWTD. The instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine, based on the net distance, whether the BWTD is within a bounded area that includes the last known location; and responsive to determining that BWTD is not within the bounded area, output an indication that the BWTD is not within the bounded area.

Abstract: Example techniques of this disclosure are directed determining one or more values that represent a monitoring attribute for one or more body-worn tracking devices (BWTDs). In some instances, the techniques include determining a compliance metric that represents a level of compliance for at least one offender. That is, the compliance metric may be a quantitative value that represents whether a user wearing BWTD is complying with established rules or desired behaviors.

Abstract: In some examples, an article includes a substrate having a surface; a parent optical element set comprising one or more parent optical elements disposed on the surface of the substrate, a child optical element set comprising one or more child optical elements disposed on the surface of the substrate. Each of the parent optical elements has a first retroreflective property and each of the child optical elements has a second retroreflective property different from the first retroreflective property.

Abstract: Methods for recognizing or identifying tooth types using digital 3D models of teeth. The methods include receiving a segmented digital 3D model of teeth and selecting a digital 3D model of a tooth from the segmented digital 3D model. An aggregation of the plurality of distinct features of the tooth is computed to generate a single feature describing the digital 3D model of the tooth. A type of the tooth is identified based upon the aggregation, which can include comparing the aggregation with features corresponding with known tooth types. The methods also include identifying a type of tooth, without segmenting it from an arch, based upon tooth widths and a location of the tooth within the arch.

Abstract: In some examples, an article includes a substrate and a plurality of optical element sets embodied on the substrate, wherein each optical element set includes a plurality of optical elements, wherein each respective optical element represents an encoded value in a set of encoded values, wherein the set of encoded values are differentiable based on visual differentiability of the respective optical elements, wherein each respective optical element set represents at least a portion of a message or error correction data to decode the message if one or more of the plurality of optical element sets are visually occluded, and wherein the optical element sets for the message and error correction data are spatially configured at the physical surface in a matrix such that the message is decodable from the substrate without optical elements positioned within at least one complete edge of the matrix that is visually occluded.

Abstract: Methods for tracking gum line changes by comparing digital 3D models of teeth and gingiva taken at different times. The digital 3D models are segmented to digitally identify the teeth from the gingiva, and the segmented digital 3D models are compared to detect gum line changes by determining differences between them relating to the gum line. Gum line changes can also be estimated by comparing one of the digital 3D models with a 3D model having a predicted original location of the gum line. Gum line change maps can be displayed to show the gum line changes determined through the tracking or estimating of changes. The digital 3D models can also be displayed with periodontal measurements placed upon them.

Abstract: A method for generating digital setups for an orthodontic treatment path. The method includes receiving a digital 3D model of teeth, performing interproximal reduction (IPR) on the model and, after performing the IPR, generating an initial treatment path with stages including an initial setup, a final setup, and a plurality of intermediate setups. The method also includes computing IPR accessibility for each tooth at each stage of the initial treatment path, applying IPR throughout the initial treatment path based upon the computed IPR accessibility, and dividing the initial treatment path into steps of feasible motion of the teeth resulting in a final treatment path with setups corresponding with the steps. The setups can be used to make orthodontic appliances, such as clear tray aligners, for each stage of the treatment path.

Abstract: Methods for aligning a digital 3D model of teeth represented by a 3D mesh to a desired orientation within a 3D coordinate system. The method includes receiving the 3D mesh in random alignment and changing an orientation of the 3D mesh to align the digital 3D model of teeth with a desired axis in the 3D coordinate system. The methods can also detect a gum line in the digital 3D model to remove the gingiva from the model.

Abstract: At least some aspects of the present disclosure feature a computing device configured to display visual representations of digital notes and one or more group images representing one or more groups on a user interface, where each group may include one or more digital notes. The computing device is further configured to receive one or more user inputs via the user interface and change the compositions of the groups based on the received user inputs.

Abstract: An article includes a substrate with a physical surface, and a hierarchy of parent and child optical element sets embodied on the physical surface, such that a first encoded value represented by the parent optical element set is based at least in part on the visual appearance of a particular optical element in the child optical element set, and a second, different encoded value represented by the particular parent optical element is based at least in part on the visual appearance, and the second encoded value not being decodable from a distance greater than a threshold distance, the first encoded value being decodable from the distance greater than the threshold distance.

Abstract: A device comprising an imaging unit for capturing an image of a target object and of an accessory. The accessory comprises a reference target object having a known retroreflective coefficient. The device also comprises a calculating unit for calculating a value of a retroreflective coefficient of the target object based on a comparison of the image of the target to the image of the accessory.

Abstract: Problem: To provide a device, system, method, and program able to easily measure retroreflective coefficients using a commercially available mobile terminal having an imaging unit. Resolution Means: A device is provided that has an imaging unit for capturing an image of a target object, an observation angle acquiring unit for acquiring an observation angle determined by a positional relationship between the imaging unit, a light source for emitting light for capture and the target object, an entrance angle acquiring unit for acquiring an entrance angle of light emitted for capture incident on the target object, a converting unit for converting image data of an image to a luminance value of the target object using capture information of the image, and a calculating unit for calculating a value of a retroreflective coefficient of the target object based on an illuminance value and the luminance value of the target object.

Abstract: In some examples, an article includes a substrate that having a physical surface; a multi-dimensional machine-readable code embodied on the physical surface, wherein the multi-dimensional machine-readable optical code comprises a static data (SD) optical element set and a dynamic lookup data (DLD) optical element set, each set embodied on the physical surface, wherein the DLD optical element set encodes a look-up value that references dynamically changeable data, wherein the SD optical element set encodes static data that does not reference other data, wherein the DLD optical element set is not decodable at the distance greater than the threshold distance.

Abstract: In some examples, an article includes a substrate, the substrate including a physical surface; a hierarchy of parent and child optical element sets embodied on the physical surface, wherein a first encoded value represented by the parent optical element set is based at least in part on a visual appearance of a particular optical element in the child optical element set, and a second encoded value represented by the particular optical element is based at least in part on the visual appearance, the first and second encoded values being different, and the second encoded value not being decodable from a distance greater than a threshold distance, the first encoded value being decodable from the distance greater than the threshold distance.

Abstract: In some examples, an article includes a substrate and a plurality of optical element sets embodied on the substrate, wherein each optical element set includes a plurality of optical elements, wherein each respective optical element represents an encoded value in a set of encoded values, wherein the set of encoded values are differentiable based on visual differentiability of the respective optical elements, wherein each respective optical element set represents at least a portion of a message or error correction data to decode the message if one or more of the plurality of optical element sets are visually occluded, and wherein the optical element sets for the message and error correction data are spatially configured at the physical surface in a matrix such that the message is decodable from the substrate without optical elements positioned within at least one complete edge of the matrix that is visually occluded.

Abstract: Optical articles including a spatially defined arrangement of a plurality of data rich retroreflective elements, wherein the plurality of retroreflective elements comprise retroreflective elements having at least two different retroreflective properties and at least two different optical contrasts with respect to a background substrate when observed within an ultraviolet spectrum, a visible spectrum, a near-infrared spectrum, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes in one instance an optical article comprising a data rich plurality of retroreflective meats that are configured in a spatially defined arrangement, where the plurality of retroreflective elements comprise retroreflective elements having at least two different retroreflective properties, and where data rich means information that is readily machine interpretable. The present disclosure also includes a system comprising the previously mentioned optical article, an optical system, and an inference engine for interpreting and classifying the plurality of retroreflective elements wherein the optical system feeds data to the inference engine.