Abstract: A method of detecting biological substances having affinity properties by passing the substance to be detected in a flow over a solid surface to which surface a second substance, to which the substance to be detected shows affinity, is attached, so that the two substances form a complex and give enrichment of the substance to be detected. The enrichment is obtained when the fluid volume passing the active surface is many times larger than the volume in contact with the active surface. A means for detecting biological substances consisting of a flow of a fluid sample of the substance to be detected generated via a pump over a solid surface to which another substance, to which the first substance to be detected shows affinity, is attached, so that a complex is formed of the two substances and gives enrichment of the substance to be detected.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the production of coatings with a uniform thickness profile on substrates by cathode sputtering, a substrate carriage held and guided between wheels is provided, which can be moved through the coating chamber, and which has on its side facing the cathode rotatably mounted substrate disks whose axes of rotation are each disposed transversely of the plane of movement of the substrate carriage. On the side of the substrate carriage facing away from the cathode, motor-driven shafts equipped with permanent magnets are journaled in the coating chamber with their longitudinal axes extending in a plane parallel to the plane of movement of the substrate carriage, and they produce a disk current in rotor disks which are affixed co-rotationally to the substrate disks. As a result of the disk current, the rotor disks, and with them the substrate disks, are set in rotation as they pass by the shafts.

Abstract: Coating materials containing aliphatic .alpha.-hydroxyketones of the general formula ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, as antiskimming agents. These .alpha.-hydroxyketones are particularly useful in paints and finishes based on oxidatively drying alkyd resins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shirred tubular casing comprising an outwardly pointing helical main fold structure comprising windings of two main folds and primary accessory folds arranged between the main folds and an accessory fold structure comprising secondary accessory folds. Also disclosed is an annular shirring member and an apparatus equipped with this shirring member for manufacturing the shirred tubular casing.

Abstract: The invention concerns an array of cathodes for sputtering apparatus that contains first, a target plate made out of the material to be sputtered, second, a system of magnets with poles of opposite signs positioned behind the target plate so that at least some of the lines of magnetic force emerging from the poles pass through and reenter the target plate, and third, a device that can be adjusted to alter the relative positions of the magnets and the target plate. The array is also set up so that at least some of the magnetic lines of force run from the poles through the target plate and back.The purpose of maintaining largely constant sputtering conditions as the target plate is consumed is achieved in accordance with the invention by moving the adjusting device essentially perpendicular to the largest surface of the target plate.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for coating the interior of a fiber-reinforced tube formed of cellulose hydrate in which a tube filled with a coating liquid is passed through a special conveying and pumping device which also serves to replenish the coating liquid. Above the level of the coating liquid, the tube is inflated with a support gas and is gradually flattened. The flattened tube then travels through a metering device made up of wipers in the form of doctor blades or rollers, which retain the major quantity of the coating liquid which is present on the inside surface of the tubing so that a thin, uniform film of the coating liquid is formed. The tubing is thereafter dried to remove the volatile constituents of the coating liquid, and is subsequently wound up.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymer dispersions having a narrow particle size distribution, and exhibiting dilatant flow over a broad range of concentrations, by emulsion copolymerization of from 1 to 10% by weight, based on total monomers, of .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: A vibration damper of the type including a supporting flange, a pair of damping elements applied, respectively, against an upper and a lower face of the supporting flange, a mounting flange supported on the upper damping element and an abutment which is applied against the lower face of the lower damping element. The mounting flange has a central part extending through the damping elements and the supporting flange and connecting the mounting flange to the abutment. The connecting part is fixed both rotationaly and axially to the mounting flange and is connected to the abutment by a screw-thread. The abutment is secured against rotation relatively to the supporting flange and is preferably located with respect to the supporting flange to permit axial movement of the abutment relatively to the supporting flange.

Abstract: Fabrics of which the warp is sized with water-soluble polymers of acrylic acid and/or their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts, are desized by treating the sized fabric with from 30 to 300 percent by weight of water, based on the dry weight of the fabric, and separating the resulting size solution from the fabric. The recovered size solution can be directly re-used for sizing.

Abstract: Polyester fibers and cellulose fibers, and blends of these fibers, are dyed continuously with disperse dyes, or dispersed dyes, by continuous application of an aqueous dye liquor which contains, as the essential dyeing assistant, a polyoxyalkylated amine, a polyoxyalkylated amine-oxide and/or a quaternized polyoxyalkylated amine which in 1% strength aqueous solution has a cloud point of not less than 18.degree. C and which is derived from amines which contain at least 2 nitrogen atoms and at least one group which can be oxyalkylated, followed by drying and fixing.

Abstract: Complexes composed of alkylphosphines or of alkylphosphonium chlorides and tin tetrachloride are good catalysts for the preparation of dimethyl-tin dichloride from tin and methyl chloride in the presence of sulphones and carbonates as solvents.

Abstract: A process for dyeing cellulose fibers and mixtures of the same with synthetic fibers in an aqueous liquor by the exhaustion method in the presence of a water-soluble polymer of acrylic acid or an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt thereof, an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a copolymer of maleic acid and styrene, maleic acid and a vinyl ester or maleic acid and a vinyl ether as a dyeing assistant in an amount of from 0.05 to 2% by weight based on the material being dyed. Level dyeings are obtained and mixtures of fibers can be dyed in a single liquor.

Abstract: In the manufacture of monomethyl-tin trichloride by disproportionation of tin tetrachloride with dimethyl-tin dichloride, high yields are achieved by employing phosphines, arsines and stibines or onium compounds of elements of the fifth main group in the periodic system as the catalyst, optionally together with a co-catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of organotin halides from metallic tin and organic halides and in the presence of catalysts in sulphones as the reaction medium, whereby there are obtained, in addition to high yields, also high reaction rates.