Abstract: The present invention provides: an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can achieve both of abrasion resistance and electrical characteristics; a production method of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cured product and a specific amount of an alcohol or carboxylic acid having a specific structure, wherein the cured product is a polymerized product of a hole transporting compound having an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of satisfying abrasion resistance and electrical properties and suppressing image deletion, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a hole transport material having a polymerizable functional group, wherein the hole transport material has a specific structure.

Abstract: A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product of a composition containing a hole transport compound having an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group, and a compound having a specific structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymer of a hole-transportable compound having a polymerizable functional group and a compound represented by the following general formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides: an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can achieve both of abrasion resistance and electrical characteristics; a production method of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cured product and a specific amount of an alcohol or carboxylic acid having a specific structure, wherein the cured product is a polymerized product of a hole transporting compound having an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a surface layer contains a polymer of a hole transport material having a polymerizable functional group, and the hole transport material has a specific fluorene structure.

Abstract: A coating film of a coating liquid for a surface layer, the coating liquid containing a hole transporting compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a compound having a specified structure, is cured to thereby form a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a satisfactory electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical properties and further, with which image defects do not occur, a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member the surface layer of which contains a copolymer of a polymerizable functional group-containing charge transporting substance and a particular polymerizable compound.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of satisfying abrasion resistance and electrical properties and suppressing image deletion, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a hole transport material having a polymerizable functional group, wherein the hole transport material has a specific structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, in which occurrences of image defects are suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. In addition, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, which include the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured material, and the cured material is a copolymer of a hole transport compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a vinyl ester compound containing a long-chain alkyl group.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member being excellent in abrasion resistance and having good electrical characteristics. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a hole transporting compound having a specified structure and a compound having a specified structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a satisfactory electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical properties and further, with which image defects do not occur, a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member the surface layer of which contains a copolymer of a polymerizable functional group-containing charge transporting substance and a particular polymerizable compound.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product obtained by copolymerizing at least one compound (i) selected from the group consisting of a triphenylamine compound having a hydroxymethyl group and a benzidine compound having a hydroxymethyl group, and at least one compound (ii) selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1), a compound represented by the following formula (2), a compound represented by the following formula (3), and a compound represented by the following formula (4):

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, in which occurrences of image defects are suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. In addition, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, which include the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured material, and the cured material is a copolymer of a hole transport compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a vinyl ester compound containing a long-chain alkyl group.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member being excellent in abrasion resistance and having good electrical characteristics. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a hole transporting compound having a specified structure and a compound having a specified structure.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product obtained by copolymerizing at least one compound (i) selected from the group consisting of a triphenylamine compound having a hydroxymethyl group and a benzidine compound having a hydroxymethyl group, and at least one compound (ii) selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1), a compound represented by the following formula (2), a compound represented by the following formula (3), and a compound represented by the following formula (4):

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, in which a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of a compound represented by the following structural formula (1).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, in which a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of a compound represented by the following structural formula (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is an esterification reaction product which is capable of gelling both an oil agent and a cyclic silicone or a volatile dimethylpolysiloxane, or both an oil agent and a nonvolatile dimethylpolysiloxane. Also disclosed are a gelling agent contacting the esterification reaction product, and a cosmetic preparation containing the esterification reaction product or the gelling product and having an excellent feeling of use. Specifically, the cosmetic preparation contains, as a gelling agent, an esterification reaction product which is obtained by esterifying a component A that is a polyhydric alcohol or a condensate thereof, a component B that is a saturated dibasic acid having 10-28 carbon atoms, a component C that is a linear saturated fatty acid having 16-28 carbon atoms, and a component D that is a branched saturated fatty acid having 8-28 carbon atoms at a blending ratio (component A:component B) of 1.0 mole:0.10-0.20 mole.

Abstract: Disclosed is an esterification reaction product which is capable of gelling both an oil agent and a cyclic silicone or a volatile dimethylpolysiloxane, or both an oil agent and a nonvolatile dimethylpolysiloxane. Also disclosed are a gelling agent contacting the esterification reaction product, and a cosmetic preparation containing the esterification reaction product or the gelling product and having an excellent feeling of use. Specifically, the cosmetic preparation contains, as a gelling agent, an esterification reaction product which is obtained by esterifying a component A that is a polyhydric alcohol or a condensate thereof, a component B that is a saturated dibasic acid having 10-28 carbon atoms, a component C that is a linear saturated fatty acid having 16-28 carbon atoms, and a component D that is a branched saturated fatty acid having 8-28 carbon atoms at a blending ratio (component A: component B) of 1.0 mole:0.10-0.20 mole.