Abstract: A cross-connection apparatus for B-ISDN includes plural interface units, multiplexers, virtual path identifier (VPI) conversion tables, demultiplexers, and loop-back units and a switch unit.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an ATM cross-connecting apparatus by inputting a test cell through a path for a main signal into the ATM cross-connecting apparatus, and examining the cell after the cell passed through the ATM cross-connecting apparatus. An initial value of a PN sequence and the PN sequence generated based on the initial bit sequence is written in the test cell before inputting to the ATM cross-connecting apparatus. When examining the test cell, the initial bit sequence and the PN sequence are read from the cell, a PN sequence is generated based on the initial bit sequence, and the generated pseudo-noise sequence is then compared with the PN sequence read from the test cell to detect an error in the test cell. In addition, a bit pattern indicating a primitive polynomial to generate the PN sequence may be written in the test cell. In this case, the bit pattern is used for generating the PN sequence when examining the test cell.

Abstract: An image contour enhancing device for enhancing contours in images in an image data formed by a plurality of pixel data includes differentiation circuits for differentiating the image data to produce first and second order differentiation signals. The first order differentiation signal represents an image data portion corresponding to front and rear edges of the contour, and the second order differentiation signal represents first and second half portions in each of the front and rear edges of the contour. The second order differentiation is used for a time modulation signal applied to a time modulation circuit to modulate in the time domain the image data in response to the time modulation signal such that the first half portion in the front and rear edges of the contour is delayed, and the second half portion in the front and rear edges of the contour is advanced.

Abstract: In a picture processing apparatus, respective results of subtraction calculation between the relevant pixel and the reference pixels are obtained by a subtraction arithmetic circuit. The resultant differences are converted nonlinearly by a nonlinear conversion circuit, and thereafter a summation calculation of these resultant differences are performed by a first addition arithmetic circuit. The obtained result is added to data of the relevant pixel by a second addition arithmetic circuit; thereby achieving MTF correction. By adequately selecting the input-output characteristic of the nonlinear conversion circuit, a stable contour line enhancement is achievable even when noise is present in the picture signal.

Abstract: A phase matching circuit for realizing accurate data transmission and reception through phase shift control only during a data invalid region.

Abstract: A tonal printer is provided which controls recording density through determination of line-wise compensation factors. These factors are used to correct the variation of recording density attributable to the temperature of the head mount and the cumulative heat of the heating element substrate. The printer uses a predicted value of temperature rise caused by the cumulative heat in a portion of the heating element substrate, which is predicted on the basis of the accumulated amount of applied energy to the thermal head and a measured value of the temperature in a portion of the head mount. The printer accurately produces density at all levels independently of the differences in the density distribution of images and the environmental temperature. A method is provided of creating correction data at a reference temperature and reference cumulative heat.

Abstract: A cap-less writing instrument having a mechanism which prevents the writing member from drying out. The writing instrument includes a hollow body; a writing member having a writing tip accommodated in the hollow body; a seal for sealing the writing tip, the seal including a seal cylinder provided with an opening at a front end thereof, a cover for sealing the opening of the seal cylinder, and a sealing member provided between the seal cylinder and the writing member; a mechanism for moving the writing member from the writing position to a retracted position; and a connector for connecting the writing member to the cover while allowing the writing member to move the writing position and causing the cover to close the opening of the seal cylinder. The connector is either a thread-like member or a bendable bar-like member.

Abstract: A reception processing unit receives digital data in successive data frames, each frame comprising a supervisory data field and an associated information data field and, further, a negative stuff or a positive stuff in accordance with need, and detects the head position of the information data field. An enable signal is produced only during and throughout a time interval in which the information data field appears in each successive, received data frame; a count operation of a counter is performed only during the interval of the enable signal. The head position is detected each time the counter finishes counting a number of bytes equal to the fixed length of the information data field.

Abstract: The device includes a record paper conveying device which rotates around a record paper carrier body to convey a paper sheet around the carrier body by gripping the leading edge of the paper sheet. In this arrangement, the carrier body, against which a recording head abuts during a recording operation, is rotated following the movement of the paper sheet by a friction force between the platen part and the recording paper sheet. In one embodiment, the carrier body is stationary, and accordingly, the conveying speed of the record paper sheet is determined only by the drive speed of the conveying device so that the record paper sheet can be precisely conveyed.

Abstract: A mechanical pencil having an automatic lead extending mechanism which has a radially displaceable member disposed on an entire circumference of the pencil body. The lead protrudes from a tip end of the pencil body when the radially displaceable member is radially displaced.

Abstract: A valve operating mechanism comprises a valve having a valve member and a valve seat, the valve seat having a fluid passage hole is arranged at an end of a fluid chamber containing fluid such as liquid or gas, the valve member which is axially moved relative to the valve seat, to thereby control the passage of fluid, an axially movable member spaced a certain distance from the valve seat, radially displaceable members such as thread-shaped members, linear members or bar-shaped members through which the axially movable member is interconnected with a rear part of the body, and means for causing, when a grasping force is applied to the radially displaceable members the valve seat moves relative to the valve member, thus opening the valve, and for causing, when the grasping force is eliminated, the valve seat comes into abutment against the valve member, thus closing the valve.

Abstract: A phase shift circuit used in a regenerating repeater, includes a separating unit for separating an input signal into two separate signals having a phase difference of a phase angle of 90.degree. therebetween, one separated signal having a "0" phase and the other separated signal having a ".pi./2" phase. A distributing unit distributes the "0" phase separated signal and ".pi./2" phase separated signal as three distributed signals having phase difference of phase angles of 90.degree. and 180.degree. therebetween, one distributed signal having a "0" phase and the others being a ".pi./2" phase distributed signal and a ".pi." phase distributed signal. A weighting/compounding unit analyzes the "0" phase distributed signal, ".pi./2" phase distributed signal, and ".pi.

Abstract: A writing instrument includes a hollow body, a depression mechanism including a grip unit having an outer periphery radially displaceable in accordance with a gripping force exerted by writer's fingers, the depression mechanism including an axially displaceable member which moves axially in accordance with an increase of a pressure of due to radial displacement of the grip unit and which returns to its original position in accordance with a decrease of a pressure of the grip unit, the axially displaceable member being provided in association with the grip unit, a writing member including lead with a writing tip, and a writing member actuating mechanism for moving the writing tip to a writing position. The writing member actuating mechanism includes a normally open chuck, a lead holder positioned between the chuck and tip for constantly holding the lead, and an axially moveable tightening mechanism for engaging with and disengaging from the chuck and disposed on a side of the chuck opposite the writing tip.

Abstract: Novel immunochemical assay reagents comprising combinations of (A) a carboxyl-containing water-soluble mono-olefinic polymeric compound combined with a hapten or its chemically modified product, or a hapten-supported latex resulting from the chemical linking of the hapten-bound polymeric compound to a polymeric latex, with (B) a hapten antibody, or a hapten antibody-supported carrier; and a method for immunochemically determining haptens by using the aforesaid reagent. This reagent is very stable and can be stored for an extended period of time without degradation. It enables transition from an agglutination inhibited pattern to an agglutinated pattern to be discerned clearly and rapidly with high sensitivity.