Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is independently F, Cl, CN, OCN, SCN, OCF.sub.3, OCF.sub.2 H, OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxyalkyl, provided that at least one of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR; each of Z, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 is independently a single bond. CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.dbd.C--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, OCH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --O-- or --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --: ring A is a group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, X.sup.6, X.sup.7, X.sup.8, X.sup.9, and X.sup.

Abstract: A cyclic hydrocarbon derivative represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is independently F, Cl, CN, OCN, SCN, OCF.sub.3, OCF.sub.2 H, OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxyalkyl, provided that at least one of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR; each of Z, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 is independently a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, OCH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --O-- or --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --; ring A is group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, X.sup.6, X.sup.7, X.sup.8, X.sup.9, and X.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents vinyl or straight-chain alkenyl with 3 to 7 carbon atoms,the manufacture of such compounds, liquid crystalline mixtures which contain such compounds as well as the use of such compounds for electro-optical purposes.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel chlorophenylalkoxyalkyl compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl residue with 1 to 12 carbon atoms; n is a whole number of 2 to 7, ring A denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; m is either 0 or 1; ring B is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene in which optionally one CH group or two non-adjacent CH groups is/are replaced by nitrogen or, when m stands for 1, also trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 each independently represent a single covalent bond or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; and X denotes hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine, their manufacture, liquid crystalline mixtures which contain these compounds, their production and use for electro-optical purposes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device which comprises a pair of substrates having an electrode layer, at least one of said substrates being transparent, and a light-control layer supported between the substrate is disclosed, wherein said light-control layer comprises a continuous liquid crystal phase composed of a nematic liquid crystal material and a transparent solid substance having the three dimensional network existing in said continuous liquid crystal phase, said nematic liquid crystal material having an optical anisotropy (.DELTA.n) ranging from 0.18 to 0.3 and a dielectric anisotropy (.DELTA..epsilon.) ranging from 15 to 30. The device can be driven at a low voltage to provide a display of sufficient contrast and is applicable to a multiplexing drive system.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrates each having an electrode layer at least one of which is transparent, one or both of said substrates having formed thereon a network layer having a three-dimensional network structure which comprises a transparent solid substance, or one of said substrates having formed thereon said network layer with the other substrate having formed thereon an alignment layer, said pair of substrates being assembled in such a manner that said network layer of one substrate faces to the other network layer or the other substrate with or without an alignment layer in contact or with a small gap therebetween, and a liquid crystal material filled between said pair of substrates.

Abstract: A novel tetracyclic cyclohexylcyclohexene derivatives represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## n, X and Y are as defined in the specifications, are disclosed. The compounds are useful as electroptic display materials.

Abstract: A cyano-substituted compound containing an ether bond is described, which is represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; n represents an integer of 2 to 8; m represents 1 or 2; and the cyclohexane ring is arranged at a trans-configuration.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising a pair of substrate, at least one of them being transparent, and a light-control layer supported therebetween, wherein said light-control layer comprises a liquid crystal material showing positive dielectric anisotropy and a transparent solid substance, said liquid crystal material forming a continuous phase, and said transparent solid substance existing in said continuous phase in the form of dispersed particles or a three-dimensional network. The device exhibits a clear threshold voltage, a high fast response time and a highly contrast display with a low applied voltage.

Abstract: A light scattering liquid crystal device having a double structure composed of (1) a first display panel of light scattering type which comprises a pair of transparent substrates each having a transparent electrode layer and a light controlling layer formed therebetween, said light controlling layer containing a liquid crystal material and a transparent solid substance and (2) a second display panel comprising a pair of transparent substrates each having an electrode layer and a liquid crystal material filled therebetween, selected from a guest-host type liquid crystal display panel containing a dichroic dye and a twisted or super-twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel having a pair of polarizers. The device achieves brightness and high contrast.

Abstract: A phenylbicyclohexanol ester derivative which is a nematic liquid crystal compound having a weakly positive dielectric anisotropy is disclosed. This compound has a high N-I point and yet a low .DELTA.n value. When mixed with other nematic liquid crystal compound(s), it can give a liquid crystal display cell material having excellent visual properties and high-temperature driving properties.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound containing an ether bond is disclosed, which is represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; m represents an integer of from 1 to 7; X represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; Y represents a connecting group selected from a group consisting of ##STR2## and the cyclohexane ring represents a trans(equatorial-equatorial) cyclohexane ring.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I). ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent independently a straight-chain alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; X represents a direct bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ##STR2## n represents an integer of from 1 to 5; and ##STR3## represents a cyclohexane ring in trans configuration. A nematic liquid crystal mixture containing a compound of formula (I) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I). ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 1 to 5; X represents F, Cl or CN; Y represents H or F; and a dioxane ring in a trans configuration with respect to a cyyclohexane ring.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound containing an ether bond and an intermediate thereof are described, which are represented by: ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 2 to 7; m represents 1 or 2, X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and ##STR2## represents a trans-(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexane ring. A compound represented by formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 2 to 7; m represents 1 or 2, ##STR4## represents a trans-(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexane ring.

Abstract: A phenylbicyclohexanol ester derivatives which is a nematic liquid crystal compound having a weakly positive dielectric anisotropy is disclosed. This compound has a high N-I point and yet a low .DELTA.n value. When mixed with other nematic liquid crystal compound(s), it can give a liquid crystal display cell material having excellent visual properties and high-temperature driving properties.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein wherein R represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms; ##STR2## represents ##STR3## X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; and ##STR4## has a trans (equatorial-equatorial) configuration, is disclosed. The compound of formula (I) exhibits a nematic phase in the vicinity of room temperature or in a temperature range higher than room temperature and has a small optical anisotropy and a positive dielectric anisotropy and is, therefore, useful in preparing a liquid crystal display cell excellent in viewing-angle characteristics.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound containing an ether bond and an intermediate thereof are described, which are represented by: ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 2 to 7; m represents 1 or 2, X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom and ##STR2## represents a trans-(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexane ring. A compound represented by formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 2 to 7; m represents 1 or 2, ##STR4## represents a trans-(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexane ring.

Abstract: Novel optically active tolan derivative represented by the general formula (I) and process for preparing thereof; ##STR1## (wherein all the symbols are the same as defined in the appended claims) are disclosed. These are effective for use in preparation of liquid crystal material capable of effectively preventing the formation of the cross-talk phenomenon due to changes due to temperature in the high level multiplexing driving system.

Abstract: A novel tetracyclic cyclohexylcyclohexene derivatives represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## n, X and Y are as defined in claim 1, are disclosed. The compounds are useful as electroptic display materials.