Abstract: A group of magnetic strands are configured into a minimal number of solid magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetization direction and then aligned, stacked and assembled into a magic sphere magnetic structure. Each magnetized toroidal ring has predetermined dimensions to form the inner and outer surfaces of a spherical shell. The present invention also encompasses a magic sphere magnetic device with unsegmented solid magnetized toroidal rings and methods for assembling a magic sphere by stacking magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetic direction.

Abstract: A group of magnetic strands are configured into a minimal number of solid magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetization direction and then aligned, stacked and assembled into a magic sphere magnetic structure. Each magnetized toroidal ring has predetermined dimensions to form the inner and outer surfaces of a spherical shell. The present invention also encompasses a magic sphere magnetic device with unsegmented solid magnetized toroidal rings and methods for assembling a magic sphere by stacking magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetic direction.

Abstract: A fixed remanence rigid permanent magnetic structure is provided. The fixed remanence rigid permanent magnetic structure is fabricated from a number of superconductive magnetic segments composed of high temperature superconductive particles. The superconductive magnetic segments are characterized by unusually high transition temperatures and a capacity to trap magnetic flux. The fixed remanence permanent magnetic structure provides a fixed magnetic remanence B in the interior working space and offers stronger magnetic fields than currently available rigid permanent magnets.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of nested cylindrical magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges are provided by arranging nested thin magnetic laminae into various configurations. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae. The invention's nested cylindrical magnetic laminae magnetic field structures and methods cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density. One embodiment provides a cylindrical magnetic field gradient source structure.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of stacked magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges are provided. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae. The stacked magnetic laminae magnetic field structure cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density. One embodiment provides a planar magnetic field gradient source structure.

Abstract: A toroidally shaped magnetic device with distortion-free exit and access ports provides toroidal magnetic ionic drive systems for vehicles that achieve a more operationally efficient, uniform and stronger radial magnetic field. This is accomplished by magnetizing a group of magic cylinder sections in a cylindrical direction and affixing them to a uniformly magnetized cylindrical shell with no magnetic field in its central cavity to produce composite cylindrical magnetic segments magnetized in a cylindrical direction with a central cavity and a uniform interior magnetic field. The composite segments are then bent into a toroidal tube and configured in such a way that longitudinal slots can be removed from the outer surface for exit and access ports. Other embodiments include a magnetic propulsion system for space vehicles and methods for magnetizing the toroidal ionic drive structure for a vehicle.

Abstract: Augmented magic sphere rotator permanent magnetic structures are provided by augmenting a magic sphere augmented with an interior magnet that attains significant decreases in mass, bulk and length of the optically active element. Also provided is a multiple augmented magic sphere rotator permanent magnetic structure with two augmented magic spheres positioned in tandem that provides an advantageously significant reduction in mass. The augmented magic sphere rotator permanent magnetic structures of the present invention provide the desirable advantages of specifically decreased mass and bulk of the structure and decreased total length of the optically active elements. The augmented magic sphere rotator permanent magnetic structure and multiple augmented magic sphere rotator permanent magnetic structure can be used as Faraday rotator structures.

Abstract: A permanent magnet assembly, for engaging a generally planar surface of a ferromagnetic object to affix items of interest thereto, includes a shell of a magnetic material. The shell has a portion of either a magic sphere or a magic cylinder and a cavity and the shell terminates in a surface that is generally planar for engaging a ferromagnetic object. The permanent magnet assembly also has an insert located in the cavity. A method of fabricating the permanent magnet assembly is also presented.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of stacked magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges are provided. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae. The stacked magnetic laminae magnetic field structures cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density. One embodiment provides a planar-spherical magnetic field gradient source structure.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a permanent magnet, includes a body that has a body axis and that, in turn, has a plurality of discreet components. Each of the components may be radially spaced from the body axis approximately an equal distance and each component may be circumferentially spaced an approximately equal distance apart. Also, each of the components may include a cavity and a component axis and wherein each of the components may have an inner body, that, in turn, has a magnetic substance and that is rotatable about the component axis and a plurality of inner segments each having an inner segment magnetic field. The components may also include an outer body that, in turn, includes a magnetic substance and that is rotatable about the component axis.

Abstract: Magnetic field structures composed of stacked magnetic laminae that are magnetically oriented perpendicular to their planes and configured to cause a volume charge density and cancel the field effects of unwanted surface negative charges. This arrangement causes a uniform volume magnetic charge density, which results in a magnetic field normal to the laminae of the magnitude. The stacked magnetic laminae magnetic field structures cancel the field effects of the deleterious unwanted surface charges because these surface charges are so situated that their contributions to the internal magnetic field mutually cancel each other, and thus they are no longer detrimental to the magnetic field created by the volume charge density.

Abstract: A permanent magnet comprises a shell surrounding a cavity. The shell has a magnetic remanence Br(?) configured such that a magnetic field taper extends through the cavity and wherein the shell includes a non-distortive access region that is substantially magnetic field.

Abstract: A compact permanent magnet structure is provided to produce a uniform magnetic biasing field confined to an internal cavity of a cylindrical magnetic flux source which eliminates the drawbacks, shortcomings, limitations and difficulties associated with an elongated magic ring. The compact permanent magnet structure is composed of a cylindrical magnetic flux source with a cylindrical axis, a hollow central cavity, an inner diameter and a remanence perpendicular to said cylindrical axis. The ends of the cylindrical magnetic flux source are capped by a first magnetic flux source and a second magnetic flux source. The compact permanent magnet structure produces a uniform biasing field by capping the end of the cylindrical magnetic flux source with a hemispheric section of a magic sphere having a cavity diameter and shell axis equivalent to the magic ring. The cylindrical magnetic flux source can be a magic ring and the caps can either be geometric or parametric.

Abstract: A permanent magnet radial magnetizer is provided for use in radially magnetizing a workpiece ring. This magnetizer includes a lower magic hemisphere and an upper magic hemisphere which have respective equatorial surfaces in oppositely facing relationship to form a gap wherein a work-piece ring can be radially magnetized. Toroidal flux and pathways pass in the magnetizer and a portion of each such pathway passes through a spherical cavity therein, between one of the hemispheres and the gap.

Abstract: A wiggler that, when used in a free electron laser, reduces the harmonicity of the light emitted from the free electron laser. In general, the reduced harmonicity is accomplished by making the magnetic field distribution of the wiggler to be sinusoidal, rather than like a square wave. The sinusoidal magnetic field distribution reduces the number of harmonics that can be used to approximate the magnetic field distribution of the wiggler, and thus reduces the harmonicity of the light produced by passing an electron beam through the wiggler. In a particular embodiment, the wiggler is composed of pieces or segments of permanent magnets that are arranged along an axis such that their magnetic orientations are perpendicular to the axis, and such that the magnetic field distribution along the axis is sinusoidal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating toroidal rings having a magnetization that alternates or changes direction along its azimuthal axis. Such a toroidal ring is made by first placing an unmagnetized toroidal ring into a first magnetization fixture. The first magnetization fixture is operable to magnetize only given regions of the toroidal ring, where the magnetization in those regions is in the same radial direction along its azimuthal axis. The toroidal ring is then placed in a second magnetization fixture that is operable to magnetize only the regions of the toroidal ring the were substantially unmagnetized by the first magnetization fixture. The direction of magnetization by the second fixture is opposite that of the first fixture. The result is a toroidal ring having a magnetization that alternates direction along its azimuthal axis.

Abstract: A toroidal magnet structure for polarizing a magnetic wiggler and a synchrotron normal is provided. This structure comprises a toroid composed of a plurality of magic ring semicircular segments, with an equatorial slot extending about a periphery of the toroid. The toroid further comprises a central hollow core and a toroidal axis perpendicular to the toroid. The magic ring semicircular segments are wedge-shaped to prevent magnetic flux leakage between segments and to form a continuous toroid. The equatorial slot allows emission of radiation outside the toroid. An electron beam means injects an electron beam into the central hollow core. The magnetic field thus created has a vertical component Bv within the central hollow core and a periodic horizontal component Bh, alternating in direction from ring to ring. The vertical component Bv keeps the electron beam in a generally circular electron path around the toroid and is constant along the entire path.

Abstract: A permanent magnet radial magnetizer is provided for use in radially magnetizing a workpiece ring. This magnetizer includes a lower magic hemisphere and an upper magic hemisphere which have respective equatorial surfaces in oppositely facing relationship to form a gap that receives a workpiece ring to be radially magnetized, and which have respective permanent magnet toroidal flux-line pathways, and which enclose a spherical cavity containing an iron filler.

Abstract: A variable tapered magic cylinder structure that is constructed from two or more permanent magnet shells, with the first shell being oriented and magnetized to produce a first working magnetic field with a given taper, and a second shell oriented and magnetized to produce a second magnetic field with a given taper that interacts with the first magnetic field. The two magnetic shells are assembled in a way to rotate about a common shared internal cavity and concentric cylindrical axis to form a working space, with the first and second working fields interacting with each other to form a tapered working magnetic field along a polar plane perpendicular to the concentric axis with a given pitch. This structure allows one to adjust or vary the tapered magnetic field along the polar plane to advantageously provide an adjustable composite tapered magnetic field.

Abstract: A magnetic potential mapping device is provided by placing a planar polarized light source near an optically active fiber element traversing a magnetic field, so constructed that rotating planar polarized light is transmitted through the optical fiber and detected by a light detector at the fiber element's other end. The light detector measures an angle of rotation of rotating polarized light. Rotation of polarized light within the optical fiber traversing the field directly indicates magnetic potential at the point where the angle of rotation is measured, with respect to the magnetic potential at the point where the light entered the fiber element. Measuring the rotation of the polarized light passing through each fiber within the field allows mapping the magnetic potentials at any point in the magnetic field with respect to the point at which the light enters the optically active fiber. The present invention also contemplates a related method for automatically compensating a magnetic field source.