Abstract: A processing solution tank of forming an agitating flow by flowing and circulating a processing solution in directions opposite to each other between the side of a liquid surface and the side of a tank bottom, in which a guide plate substantially of an arcuate shape is formed to an end of the tank situated at least to the downstream on the side of the liquid surface or the downstream on the side of the tank bottom in the agitating flow for reversing the flow downward to the tank bottom or upward to the liquid surface, and a swirl chamber having a swirl generating portion of a substantially arcuate face for capturing dusts is provided at the bottom of the tank, whereby high quality surface treatment, for example, electrodeposition coating can be conducted by uniformly stirring the processing solution so as not to cause backflow or turbulence in the processing solution tank while dipping a work on a conveyor in the processing solution.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate by projecting an image of a pattern onto the substrate via a projection optical system and a liquid that fills a gap between the projection optical system and the substrate. The exposure apparatus has a liquid recovery mechanism with a drive section powered by electric power supplied from a commercial power source and an uninterruptible power source separate from the commercial power source. When the commercial power source has a failure, the supply of electric power to the drive section is switched to the uninterruptible power source.

Abstract: A combination of a Rho kinase inhibitor and a prostaglandin as a therapeutic agent for treating glaucoma. The actions of reducing intraocular pressure are complemented and/or enhanced by combining a Rho kinase inhibitor with a prostaglandin. Each of the Rho kinase inhibitor and the prostaglandin can be administered in combination or in a mixture.

Abstract: A method for treating glaucoma comprising administering to a patient pharmaceutically effective amounts of a Rho kinase inhibitor and a prostaglandin.

Abstract: A method for treating a disease in which Rho kinase is involved. The method is carried out by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the following formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: , wherein the ring X is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; R1 and R2 are hydrogen or alkyl or together form a cycloalkene ring; R3 is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, carboxyl or an ester or an amide thereof, amino or a cyano; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkenyloxy, unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, nitro, cyano or a monocyclic heterocycle; and R5 is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to create a novel indazole derivative useful as a drug and to find a novel pharmacological action of the derivative. The compound of the present invention is represented by the formula [I] and has an excellent Rho kinase inhibiting action. In the formula, a ring X is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; R1 and R2 are H or alkyl; R3 and R4 are halogen, H, OH, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, aryloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, carboxy, hydrocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, etc.; and R5 is halogen atom, H, OH, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyl or aryl. Each group can be substituted.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus is provided which can supply and collect a liquid in a prescribed state, and that can suppress degradation of a pattern image projected onto a substrate. The exposure apparatus is provided with a nozzle member (70) having a supply outlet (12) that supplies a liquid (LQ) and a collection inlet (22) that collects a liquid (LQ), and a vibration isolating mechanism (60) that supports the nozzle member (70) and vibrationally isolates the nozzle member (70) from a lower side step part (7) of a main column (1).

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus includes a substrate table by which a substrate is held, a projection system via which a patterned beam is projected onto the substrate to expose the substrate through liquid, and a liquid supply system. The liquid supply system includes a supply flow path, and supplies the liquid via the supply flow path during the exposure. The liquid supply system also includes a device by which the supply flow path is connected with a vacuum system to prevent liquid in the supply flow path from leaking.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus wherein an image of a pattern is projected onto a substrate via a projection optical system to expose the substrate, includes: a substrate moving device that is movable while holding the substrate above the projection optical system; and a liquid immersion unit that fills at least a portion of the space between the projection optical system and the substrate with a liquid, wherein the image of the pattern is projected onto the substrate via the projection optical system and the liquid.

Abstract: An immersion exposure apparatus includes an optical member, a supply outlet that supplies a liquid to a space between an upper surface of the optical member and a movable object, and an annular member at least a portion of which is arranged around the optical member, the space between the upper surface of the optical member and the object being filled with the liquid.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus is provided which can supply and collect a liquid in a prescribed state, and that can suppress degradation of a pattern image projected onto a substrate. The exposure apparatus is provided with a nozzle member (70) having a supply outlet (12) that supplies a liquid (LQ) and a collection inlet (22) that collects a liquid (LQ), and a vibration isolating mechanism (60) that supports the nozzle member (70) and vibrationally isolates the nozzle member (70) from a lower side step part (7) of a main column (1).

Abstract: A processing solution tank of forming an agitating flow by flowing and circulating a processing solution in directions opposite to each other between the side of a liquid surface and the side of a tank bottom, in which a guide plate substantially of an arcuate shape is formed to an end of the tank situated at least to the downstream on the side of the liquid surface or the downstream on the side of the tank bottom in the agitating flow for reversing the flow downward to the tank bottom or upward to the liquid surface, and a swirl chamber having a swirl generating portion of a substantially arcuate face for capturing dusts is provided at the bottom of the tank, whereby high quality surface treatment, for example, electrodeposition coating can be conducted by uniformly stirring the processing solution so as not to cause backflow or turbulence in the processing solution tank while dipping a work on a conveyor in the processing solution.

Abstract: A processing solution tank of forming an agitating flow by flowing and circulating a processing solution in directions opposite to each other between the side of a liquid surface and the side of a tank bottom, in which a guide plate substantially of an arcuate shape is formed to an end of the tank situated at least to the downstream on the side of the liquid surface or the downstream on the side of the tank bottom in the agitating flow for reversing the flow downward to the tank bottom or upward to the liquid surface, and a swirl chamber having a swirl generating portion of a substantially arcuate face for capturing dusts is provided at the bottom of the tank, whereby high quality surface treatment, for example, electrodeposition coating can be conducted by uniformly stirring the processing solution so as not to cause backflow or turbulence in the processing solution tank while dipping a work on a conveyor in the processing solution.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to create a novel indazole derivative useful as a drug and to find a novel pharmacological action of the derivative. The compound of the present invention is represented by the formula [I] and has an excellent Rho kinase inhibiting action. In the formula, a ring X is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; R1 and R2 are H or alkyl; R3 and R4 are halogen, H, OH, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, aryloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, carboxy, hydrocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, etc.; and R5 is halogen atom, H, OH, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyl or aryl. Each group can be substituted.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus is provided which can supply and collect a liquid in a prescribed state, and that can suppress degradation of a pattern image projected onto a substrate. The exposure apparatus is provided with a nozzle member (70) having a supply outlet (12) that supplies a liquid (LQ) and a collection inlet (22) that collects a liquid (LQ), and a vibration isolating mechanism (60) that supports the nozzle member (70) and vibrationally isolates the nozzle member (70) from a lower side step part (7) of a main column (1).

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate by projecting an image of a pattern onto the substrate via a projection optical system and a liquid that fills a gap between the projection optical system and the substrate. The exposure apparatus has a liquid recovery mechanism with a drive section powered by electric power supplied from a commercial power source and an uninterruptible power source separate from the commercial power source. When the commercial power source has a failure, the supply of electric power to the drive section is switched to the uninterruptible power source.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus wherein an image of a pattern is projected onto a substrate via a projection optical system to expose the substrate, includes: a substrate moving device that is movable while holding the substrate above the projection optical system; and a liquid immersion unit that fills at least a portion of the space between the projection optical system and the substrate with a liquid, wherein the image of the pattern is projected onto the substrate via the projection optical system and the liquid.

Abstract: This invention relates to an agent for the protection of retinal neurons which comprises, as an effective ingredient, sulfamate derivative having the following formula: and to a method for the protection of retinal neurons by using said sulfamate derivative.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to search for a novel medicinal use of a compound having a secretase inhibitory activity. Because the compound having a secretase inhibitory activity has a remarkable inhibitory effect on retinal neuronal cell death, it is useful as a therapeutic agent for a retinal disease typified by retinal vessel occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's disease or an eye disease accompanied by an optic neuropathy such as glaucoma.

Abstract: An M toxin of type A botulinum toxin (HA-negative substance) and a mixture of L toxin and LL toxin (HA-positive substance) are compared and examined in inhibitory action for neuromuscular transmission and therapeutic index. As a result, it is found that M toxin of type A botulinum toxin has characteristics of: 1) having an excellent inhibitory action for neuromuscular transmission; 2)showing a high therapeutic index; 3) showing a low antigenicity and 4) suffering from little reduction in efficacy even after repeatedly administered, compared with the mixture of L toxin and LL toxin.