Abstract: An image reader includes a first image reading unit that reads a first image on a first side of a sheet to output a first analog signal corresponding to the first image, a second image reading unit that reads a second image on a second side of the sheet, converts a second analog signal corresponding to the second image into a second digital signal, and outputs the second digital signal, a processor that processes the first analog signal and the second digital signal and includes a first converter converting the first analog signal into a first digital signal, and a timing signal output unit outputting, to the second image reading unit, a timing signal corresponding to a conversion time of the conversion by the first converter. Based on the timing signal, the second image reading unit outputs the second digital signal at a time outside the conversion time.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a conductive support, an intermediate layer which is placed on the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer which is placed on the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a metal-oxide particle and a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1):

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive support and an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, which are provided on the conductive support in this order. The intermediate layer contains an ethylene-acrylic acid binary copolymer and a polyolefin resin in which repeating structural units are contained in a particular ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained by providing an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer on a conductive support in the stated order, the electrophotographic photosensitive member being characterized in that the intermediate layer contains a specific polyolefin resin and a specific organic electron-transporting substance, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained by providing, on a conductive support, a conductive layer containing conductive particles having a volume-average particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer in the stated order in which the conductive layer contains a polyolefin resin containing a specific repeating structural unit at a specific ratio, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive support, an intermediate layer provided on the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer provided on the intermediate layer, in which at least one of the intermediate layer and the photosensitive layer comprises a compound represented by the following formula (1):

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes: a sheet table including a placement surface on which a sheet is placed; a light emitting device including light sources; a light emitting unit including a plurality of light emitting devices for emitting light to the placement surface; a light receiving unit; a read image conversion unit converting the received light into read image information; a pulse signal output unit that outputs a pulse signal; a plurality of drive current supply units supplying drive currents to the plurality of light emitting devices; a light emission control unit; a first light emission parameter determination unit; and a second light emission parameter determination unit. The light emission control unit controls the light sources to emit the same color light in sequence based on a drive current value of a first and second light emitting devices and a light emission time of the light sources.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a support; and a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer which are provided on the support in this order, in which the second intermediate layer contains a polyolefin resin and a metal oxide particle having a volume-average particle diameter of 20 nm or less, and the first intermediate layer contains a metal oxide particle, and the volume-average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle contained in the first intermediate layer is 10 times or more to 200 times or less as large as the volume average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle contained in the second intermediate layer.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can reproduce good images with less positive ghost and also has a good photosensitivity, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is incorporated in its photosensitive layer with a copolymer having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (2), or a copolymer having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (3).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a charge transporting substance having two or more methacryloyloxy groups per molecule. The surface layer contains a quinone derivative at a concentration of 5 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less of the total mass of the polymer. The quinone derivative is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a compound represented by the following formula (2) or both.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can reproduce good images with less positive ghost and also has a good photosensitivity, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is incorporated in its photosensitive layer with a copolymer having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (2), or a copolymer having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (3).

Abstract: A light source lights up at luminance associated with supplied electric current. An electric-current supplying section supplies the light source with electric current. A control section controls the electric-current supplying section. A reading section reads at least one sheet of an original document on which light from the light source is irradiated and generates image data. A determining section determines whether a change in the electric current flowing through the light source is large, based on a predetermined criterion, during a period when the reading section reads the at least one sheet of the original document. When the reading section reads the at least one sheet of the original document, the control section increases electric current supplied to the light source if the determining section determines that the change is large relative to electric current supplied to the light source when the determining section determines that the change is small.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a conductive support, an intermediate layer provided on the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer provided on the intermediate layer in which the intermediate layer contains a polyolefin resin containing a specific component at a specific mass ratio, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus to read an image and generate pixel data representing the image is provided. The image reading apparatus includes an image sensor having a plurality of sensor units, each of which includes a plurality of light receiving elements, a data storage store shading correction data, which is used to correct unevenness caused in the pixel data, including first shading correction data, and a data corrector to correct the pixel data output from the light receiving elements based on the shading correction data. The data corrector corrects the pixel data based on the first shading correction data when a number of light receiving elements used to read the image in each sensor unit is greater than a number of pieces of correcting information in the first shading correction data.

Abstract: An image reader is provided, which includes a first light emitting unit emitting light toward a first side of a document sheet in a predetermined reading area, a second light emitting unit emitting light toward a second side of the document sheet in the predetermined reading area, a first light receiving unit receiving light emitted by the first light emitting unit and reflected by the document sheet and light emitted by the second light emitting unit and transmitted through the document sheet, and a controller that controls the first light emitting unit to emit light of a first color, controls the second light emitting unit to emit light of a second color, the first and second colors being mutually complementary colors, and controls the first light receiving unit to output read image data of the document sheet based on a light receiving result of the first light receiving unit.

Abstract: An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit in order to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses positive ghost, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive support, an intermediate layer provided on the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer provided on the intermediate layer, in which at least one of the intermediate layer and the photosensitive layer comprises a compound represented by the following formula (1):

Abstract: The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a conductive support, an intermediate layer which is placed on the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer which is placed on the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a metal-oxide particle and a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1):