Abstract: An apparatus for reading an image on a medium to be read using a light emitting device and a light receiving device is disclosed in which a determination is made that at least one of the light emitting device and the light receiving device malfunctions in the presence of a substantial coincidence between a consecutive number of abnormal pixels adjacent to each other and a reference value.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensing device is provided which saves the effort of removing adhesives from a cover glass and is capable of reading an image without being affected by adhesive residuals. In a solid-state image sensing device, defacement of a cover glass upon the transport, etc. is prevented by having a protective film adhere to the surface of the cover glass. The adhesion section between the cover glass and the protective film is provided so as to keep clear of the front face of a light-receiving section. Therefore, after the protective film is detached, even without conventional surface processing like cleaning the cover glass, the light received by the light-receiving section entering through the cover glass is not adversely affected by residual adhesives.

Abstract: An image sensor, a reading device and a method for setting a particular mode are provided. The image sensor comprises a plurality of photoelectric converting elements, for converting optical signals to electric signals; a group of channel select switches, each channel select switch arranged between a charge output unit of each channel select switch and a signal line corresponding to each photoelectric converting element, wherein the group of the channel select switches can be turned on and off sequentially synchronizing with an externally supplied clock pulse signal; and particular mode setting means, wherein when a clock pulse signal and a start signal with a fixed width are input, the particular mode setting means sets a particular mode under a specific combination pattern of the clock pulse signal and the start signal.

Abstract: An image sensor, a reading device and a method for setting a resolution are provided for setting the resolution to multiple levels without increasing signal types.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member wherein a maximum height (RmaxD) of a surface roughness of a support portion is 1.2 &mgr;m RmaxD≦5.0 &mgr;m, an average roughness (Rz) of 10 points is 1.2 &mgr;m≦Rz≦3.0 m, an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.15 &mgr;m≦Ra≦0.5 &mgr;m, and an irregularity average interval (Sm) is 30 &mgr;m≦Sm≦80 &mgr;m. The photosensitive member's charge generation layer contains a phthalocyanine compound, its charge transport layer has a thickness which is at least 9 &mgr;m but not larger than 18 &mgr;m, the electrophotographic photosensitive member in every 1 cm2 area has an electrostatic capacity (C) of 130 pF or more. This invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus containing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an aluminum substrate and a photosensitive layer. The substrate contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium, at the surface portion on the side of the photosensitive layer. Also, a process for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one of the following steps a) and b) and the following steps c) and d) of; a) etching an aluminum substrate with at least one of an acid and an alkali; b) abrading an aluminum substrate with an abrasive dispersion containing 5% by volume or more of an abrasive having a 50% diameter of from 5 &mgr;m to 60 &mgr;m as measured in cumulative percentage; c) subjecting the aluminum substrate having been processed by at least one of the steps a) and b), to chemical conversion with an aqueous acid solution containing a salt of titanium or a salt of zirconium; and d) forming a photosensitive layer on the aluminum substrate having been subjected to the chemical conversion.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one of the following steps a) and b) and the following steps c) and d) of; a) etching an aluminum substrate with at least one of an acid and an alkali; b) abrading an aluminum substrate with an abrasive dispersion containing 5% by volume or more of an abrasive having a 50% diameter of from 5 &mgr;m to 60 &mgr;m as measured in cumulative percentage; c) subjecting the aluminum substrate having been processed by at least one of the steps a) and b), to chemical conversion with an aqueous acid solution containing a salt of titanium or a salt of zirconium; and d) forming a photosensitive layer on the aluminum substrate having been subjected to the chemical conversion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an aluminum substrate and a photosensitive layer. The substrate contains aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or aluminum, oxygen and zirconium, at the surface portion on the side of the photosensitive layer. Also, a process for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member wherein a maximum height (RmaxD) of a surface roughness of a support portion is 1.2 &mgr;m≦RmaxD≦5.0 &mgr;m, an average roughness (Rz) of 10 points is 1.2 &mgr;m≦Rz≦3.0 m, an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.15 &mgr;m≦Ra≦0.5 &mgr;m, and an irregularity average interval (Sm) is 30 &mgr;m<Sm≦80 &mgr;m. The photosensitive member's charge generation layer contains a phthalocyanine compound, its charge transport layer has a thickness which is at least 9 &mgr;m but not larger than 18 &mgr;m, the electrophotographic photosensitive member in every 1 cm2 area has an electrostatic capacity (C) of 130 pF or more. This invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus containing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A process cartridge or an electrophotographic apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member by application of a voltage, the charging member being in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an aluminum substrate and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The outermost surface of the substrate contains aluminum, oxygen, and at least one of titanium and zirconium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of exhibiting stable potential characteristics and image forming performances under wide ranges of environmental conditions, is formed of an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the electroconductive support. The intermediate layer comprises a thermosetting resin and an organometallic compound, which may comprise a polymerizate of a compound represented by formula (1) below: (RO)m—M—(L)n  (1), wherein R denotes an alkyl group; M denotes aluminum, titanium, zirconium, germanium or silicon; L denotes an organic group; m and n are integers of at least 0 giving m+n=3 in case of M being aluminum and m+n=4 in case of M being titanium, zirconium, germanium or silicon.

Abstract: A method for producing an ultra fine silica powder, which comprises subjecting a raw material mixture containing a silica powder, a reducing agent comprising a metal silicon powder and/or a carbon powder, and water, to heat treatment at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of less than 1 wt % to generate a SiO-containing gas, immediately cooling said gas in an atmosphere containing oxygen, and collecting fine particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is comprised of an aluminum substrate and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The surface substrate on the side of the photosensitive member contains the elements aluminum, oxygen and titanium, or the elements aluminum, oxygen and zirconium. The photosensitive layer contains chlorogallium phthalocyanine, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine or oxytitanium phthalocyanine. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine has an intense peak at each of the Bragg's angles (2&thgr;G+0.2°) shown in any one of the specific five groups in CuK&agr;-characteristic X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support. The photosensitive layer contains a compound which is represented by the following Formula (1): wherein R1 represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and X1 and X2 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an acryloyl group, provided that X1 and X2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of engine induction system and fuel injection systems for increasing the engine's combustion efficiency by maintaining a desired ratio between the intake system volume between the throttle valve and the intake port and the exhaust gas volume. This requires a close positioning of the throttle valve to the combustion chamber, and thus results in quick throttle response. A fuel injection system injects fuel into the intake passage, and a number of embodiments of buffer valves are employed so as to maintain stability in combustion when blipping the throttle under no-load conditions. In addition, arrangements are disclosed wherein separate throttle bodies are employed but that utilize the fuel rail as a means for connecting all of these throttle bodies together to provide a unitary sub-assembly.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of engine induction system and fuel injection systems for increasing the engines combustion efficiency by maintaining a desired ratio between the intake system volume between the throttle valve and the intake port and the exhaust gas volume. This requires a close positioning of the throttle valve to the combustion chamber, and thus results in quick throttle response. A fuel injection system injects fuel into the intake passage, and a number of embodiments of buffer valves are employed so as to maintain stability in combustion when blipping the throttle under no-load conditions. In addition, arrangements are disclosed wherein separate throttle bodies are employed but that utilize the fuel rail as a means for connecting all of these throttle bodies together to provide a unitary sub-assembly.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, which comprises a substrate having provided thereon a magnetic substance which is composed of an alloy comprising cobalt, phosphorus and at least one member selected from the group consisting of thallium and elements of group Vb of the periodic table, and optionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of nickel and zinc. The magnetic recording medium exhibits a high coercive force, squareness ratio and a high output with a small noise.