Abstract: An image forming machine comprising image bearing means, charging means, exposure means, reversal development means, transfer means, and cleaning means. The transfer means includes a rotationally driven transfer belt, and transfer voltage applicator means for applying a transfer voltage to the back side of the transfer belt. The transfer voltage applicator means applies the transfer voltage to the transfer belt over a predetermined effective transfer width. The face side of the transfer belt is brought into contact with the image bearing means via an image receiving member and directly over a predetermined effective contact width. The effective contact width is larger than an effective charging width and larger than the effective transfer width.

Abstract: The necessary information such as chip area A, number of elements, and defect density D is inputted to calculate element density TD and mean element density TDM. The inverse operation chip area A′ is calculated from the estimation equation: Y=f(A) such as Stapper's equation showing the dependence of the yield on the defect density D and chip area A. Next, for various kinds of integrated circuit devices in a diffusion process, the functional relation g (TD/TDM) which is considered to be most correct is determined from the data of the relationship between the ratio (A′/A) and the ratio (TD/TDM), and from the relational expression g (TD/TDM), the correction factor K is calculated. Finally, the values of the correction factor K and the chip area A are substituted into Y=f(A×K) to calculate the expected yield Y.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having: a plurality of photoreceptors provided along a sheet transportation path and each extending perpendicularly to the sheet transportation path; and an imaging mechanism for forming toner images on surfaces of the respective photoreceptors. A pair of support plates receive opposite end circumferential portions of the respective photoreceptors to support the photoreceptors together in a parallel relation. Bearings are fitted around the opposite end circumferential portions of the respective photoreceptors, and the pair of support plates each have the same number of cut-away portions as the number of the photoreceptors for receiving outer rings of the bearings, the cut-away portions being formed in a spaced apart relation.

Abstract: A current source switch circuit has at least one transistor forming part of a current source, and one switch for controlling the supply of an electric current from the transistor to a load. A voltage application unit applies a voltage having a value in an operation state as a current source to a transistor forming part of the current source while no electric current is provided from the switch to the load.

Abstract: An image-forming machine which has an image-forming unit that moves substantially horizontally between an acting position in a housing and a non-acting position that is drawn out forward. The image-forming unit has a frame having a front wall member and a rear wall member, and a plurality of image-forming devices mounted on the frame. The front wall has a pair of receiving holes arranged at a distance in the transverse direction and the rear wall has a pair of pins located at a distance in the transverse direction. In a preferred embodiment, the housing has a pair of pins located in the front and a pair of receiving holds in the rear such that when the image-forming unit is brought to the acting position, the receiving holes of the front wall engage the front pins of the housing and the pins on the rear wall engage the receiving holes in the rear of the housing.

Abstract: An image-forming machine which forms an image on a photosensitive material drum which passes through the steps of electric charging, exposure to light, developing and transfer. A pair of side walls are disposed opposite to each other, spaced at a distance. Inner wheels of bearings have an inner wheel and an outer wheel. The inner wheels are secured to the outer peripheral surfaces of the photosensitive material drum at both ends thereof, and outer wheels of the bearings are secured to the corresponding side walls, so that the photosensitive material drum is rotatably supported by the side walls.

Abstract: A cylindrical member of a sensor mounting member is partitioned in its middle by a partitioning wall into a high pressure side and a low pressure side, with pressure sensors provided at the two surfaces of the partitioning wall. At a base portion of the sensor mounting member, a communicating hole constituting a portion of a flow passage of a piping joint connector is formed. The sensor mounting member structured as described above is fitted in a communicating hole that communicates between a high pressure passage and a low pressure passage bored at the side of the piping joint connector.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with a high voltage transformer provided with one common secondary winding for supplying a high voltage power to a main charger and to a transferring charger, a resistor for sensing a shield current of the transferring charger, an error detecting amplifier for controlling a primary side of the high voltage transformer so that the sensed shield current is constant; a constant voltage device connected to a grid of the main charger for constant-voltage controlling the main charger, and a resistor inserted in a current path to the transferring charger for setting a current supplied from the high voltage transformer to the main charger to be greater than a current supplied from the high voltage transformer to the transferring charger.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum driver for rotating a photosensitive drum at either a normal speed or a higher speed, a charger, a charge remover for removing residual charges on the photosensitive drum surface after a toner image is transferred, a starter for instructing a start of image forming operation, and a controller responsive to the starter for controlling the operative parts. Upon the starter being turned on, the controller drives the charger and the charge remover, and permits the photosensitive drum driver to rotate the photosensitive drum at the higher speed, and suspends the image formation, After the photosensitive drum completes the initial one turn, the controller starts the image formation and permits the photosensitive drum driver to rotate the photosensitive drum at the normal speed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum rotatable, a developer disposed near the photosensitive drum for developing an electrostatic latent image into a toner image, a transfer disposed on a downstream of the developer for transferring the toner image onto copy paper, and a pre-transfer charger disposed between the developer and the transfer for charging the photosensitive drum at a specified level to assure a smooth transfer of the toner image from the photosensitive drum to the copy paper, the charger including a casing formed with a guide portion for guiding the copy paper to the transfer.

Abstract: For a pre-transfer charging device provided in image processing apparatus for a xerographic image reproducing machine, a bipartite shield is provided, having a shield upper case mounted in an imaging apparatus first frame, and a shield lower case mounted in an imaging apparatus second frame fitted with a guide at least partially defining a sheet conveyance path into an imaging unit of the imaging apparatus. The imaging unit includes a chargeable photoconductor drum and is mounted in the first frame, which is pivotally joined to the second frame. A bottom exterior surface of the shield lower case serves as a guide partially defining a terminal portion of the sheet conveyance path. A discharge wire is fitted in the shield upper case, extending axially within the pre-transfer charging device, and therein is movable integrally with the shield upper case. During maintenance on the imaging apparatus, the first frame is opened off of the second frame.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an original placement portion and a reference original portion outside of the original placement portion, a scanning device capable of selectively scanning either the original placement portion or the reference original portion, an image forming device for forming an image in accordance with the scanning device, a selection device for selecting the scanning of the original placement portion or the scanning of the reference original portion, and a reading device for reading an image of the reference original portion formed by the image forming device to evaluate a performance of the image forming device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charger for charging a photosensitive drum, the charger having a charging wire extending in a lengthwise direction of the photosensitive drum, an optical system for illuminating a document and introducing a reflected light to the photosensitive drum to produce a latent image of the document, a detector for detecting a target portion of the charging wire causing a white line based on a copied image on copy paper, a cleaning member movable along the charging wire and adapted for cleaning the charging wire, a driver for moving the cleaning member along the charging wire, and a controller responsive to the detector for controlling the driver to move the cleaning member to the target portion of the charging wire and clean the target portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive body, a charge wire disposed along the photosensitive body at a specified spacing from the photosensitive body and adapted for charging the photosensitive body, the charge wire being tiltable on a plane passing an entirety of the charge wire and perpendicularly intersecting a surface of the photosensitive body. This apparatus is provided with a detector for detecting an image density distribution in a main scanning direction of copy paper, tilt angle calculator for calculating, based on a detected image density distribution, a correcting tilt angle of the charge wire to obtain a desired image density distribution in the main scanning direction, and a tilt angle controller for controlling the tilt angle in accordance with a calculated correcting tilt angle.

Abstract: The exposure apparatus is provided with a first mirror frame movement hampering means for hampering the movement of the first mirror frame in the exposing direction. The first mirror frame movement hampering means has a closure mounted on an operating opening on the main body and a movement hampering member mounted on the closure and positioned near a linking portion of the driving device of the first mirror frame and at a position at which the movement in the exposing direction is interfered. The movement hampering member is mounted on the closure to adjust its position freely within a predetermined range in the reciprocatingly moving direction of the first mirror frame.

Abstract: A scanning system driving device capable of quickly and gently starting a scanning system. This driving device includes an electromagnetic clutch for forward rotation, for transmitting a driving force from a driving source to a moving body for an optical system, and a control circuit for controlling the application of a voltage to the electromagnetic clutch. The control circuit applies a rated voltage in the form of pulses to the electromagnetic clutch at intervals of such OFF time that the moving speed of the moving body is reduced once when the illumination and the scanning of a document by the moving body are started.

Abstract: A rubber composition for use in steel-belted automobile tires containing specified amounts of a partial condensate of hexaethylolmelamine pentamethylether, a cresol resin, sulfur and a cobalt resin of an organic acid, thereby exhibiting improved adhesion to metal in warm water after vulcanization and increased extension on break after aging.