Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes: a plurality of banks with electrically rewritable memory cells arranged therein, the banks being configured to be simultaneously accessible in such a manner that a data write operation into a bank and a data read operation for another bank are simultaneously performed; a write-use data bus commonly disposed for the plurality of banks; a read-use data bus commonly disposed for the plurality of banks; a write circuit connected to the write-use data bus; a read circuit connected to the read-use data bus; a bank address decoder circuit for decoding external bank address signals for bank selecting to output internal bank address signals, the bank address decoder circuit having such an address conversion function that one of plural kinds of address conversions between the external bank address signals and the internal bank address signals is selectable; and a rewrite control circuit for sequence controlling a data write operation for a bank selected by the bank address decode

Abstract: A fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine for a vehicle is comprised of a nozzle plate which has a plurality of nozzle holes. Fuel injection jets are injected from the nozzle holes and collided with each other. The thickness of the nozzle plate is equal to or greater than the diameter of the nozzle holes.

Abstract: A valve element of a fuel injection valve comprises a cylindrical structural base which has an upper end contactable with a lower end of a core tube installed in a cylindrical case and a spherical valve head which is contactable with a valve seat arranged at a lower end of the cylindrical case. The structural base is a sintered magnetic metal member produced through a metal powder injection molding method and has a relative density ranging from approximately 95% to approximately 98%, and the structure base has, at the end thereof that is contactable with the downstream end of the core tube, a notched surface for suppressing an undesirable sticking of the end of the structural base to the downstream end of the core tube.

Abstract: In a method for manufacture of an optical element, a thin film is formed on a surface, such as a grating surface, an aspherical surface or a spherical surface, formed on a mold. Then, a substrate is bonded to the thin film. Subsequently, the thin film and the substrate are separated from the mold.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes: a magnetic barrel body made of a magnetic material and shaped substantially into a barrel, a core barrel made of a magnetic material and shaped substantially into a barrel, a valve seat member positioned on a downstream side of the core barrel and disposed in the magnetic barrel body, a valve body positioned between the core barrel and the valve seat member, an O-ring positioned in a vicinity of a flange portion of the magnetic barrel body, a fuel filter assembly disposed at the first end on the fuel's influx side of the magnetic barrel body. A flange of the fuel filter assembly is made of a material lower in hardness than the magnetic material of the magnetic barrel body. The flange of the fuel filter assembly has a diameter larger than the diameter of the flange portion of the magnetic barrel body.

Abstract: A novel benzamide derivative represented by the following general formula: wherein R represents an alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a salt thereof, and a medicament comprising said derivative as an active ingredient. The medicament has excellent enhancing action on gastrointestinal tract motility, and is orally available with reduced side effects. Therefore, the medicament is extremely useful as an agent for therapeutic treatment of digestive diseases, an agent for improving function of gastrointestinal tract motility and the like.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, there is provided a seed crystal for use in the production of the silicon single crystal. This seed crystal is capable of preventing creation of a dislocation occurring during the immersion of the seed crystal in the molten silicon and withstanding the load of a silicon single crystal of great weight as well. There is also a method for the production of the seed crystal and a method for the production of a silicon single crystal which enables the ratio of elimination of dislocation to be increased.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve has: a tubular body, a valve seat member, a valve body, a core tube, a bias spring, and an electromagnetic actuator. The core tube is press fitted into the tubular body. The core tube has a first end side opposing an absorption section of the valve body in such a manner as to form an axial gap interposed between the first end side of the core tube and the absorption section. The core tube has a second end side axially extending in the tubular body to a certain position on a way to the second end side of the tubular body. The axially extending second end side of the core tube has an outer periphery which is formed with a reduced diameter section for increasing an accuracy in positioning the core tube when the core tube is press fitted into the tubular body.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a solid polymer ion exchange membrane having a thickness which is set to be within a range of 20 &mgr;m to 60 &mgr;m. The fuel cell comprises a fuel gas flow passage for supplying a non-humidified fuel gas from a side of a first surface of the ion exchange membrane, and an oxygen-containing gas flow passage for supplying a non-humidified oxygen-containing gas from a side of a second surface of the ion exchange membrane. A portion of the fuel gas flow passage, which is disposed in the vicinity of a fuel gas inlet, is arranged closely to a portion of the oxygen-containing gas flow passage disposed in the vicinity of an oxygen-containing gas outlet. Accordingly, the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel gas can be supplied without humidification, and it is possible to perform efficient and smooth operation.

Abstract: A memory cell array 1 has the arrangement of a plurality of cores, each of which comprises one block or a set of a plurality of blocks, each block defining a range of memory cells serving as a unit of data erase. A core selecting part for selecting an optional number of cores to write/erase data is provided for writing data in memory cells in cores selected on the basis of a write command and for erasing data from selected blocks in cores selected on the basis of an erase command. Thus, there is realized a free core system capable of reading data out from memory cells in unselected cores while writing/erasing data in cores selected by the core selecting part.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device, which allows concurrent execution of a write/erase operation and a read operation, is provided for each core with a core busy output circuit which has a function of, at the start, end, suspending or resuming of a write/erase operation, setting the sequence in which a command to write into/erase or read from a core, a core select signal indicating whether or not the core has been selected, and a busy signal indicating that the core is in the write/erase mode are set or reset so that multiple selection of a core in a write/erase operation and a core in a read operation does not occur.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory includes a memory cell array and a redundant cell array, and while a data write operation or a data erase operation is carried out in one of banks in the memory cell array, a data read operation can be carried out in the other banks. The redundant cell array has one or more spare blocks and is provided independently of the banks to relieve a defective memory cell of the memory cell array by substituting the spare block for a defective memory block in any of the blocks. The memory block is active when an access block address to be accessed in the memory cell array in the data write or erase operation or the data read operation does not coincide with the defective block address in the defective address storing circuit, whereas the spare block is active when the access block address coincides with the defective block address in the defective address storing circuit.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of unit cells stacked together. End cell stacks are disposed at opposite ends of the unit cells in the stacking direction. The unit cells between the end cell stacks are electrically connected in series. A first unit cell and a second unit cell in each of the end cell stacks are electrically connected in parallel by a cable. In each of the first and second unit cells a membrane electrode assembly is interposed between a first separator, and a second separator.

Abstract: 1H-Imidazopyridine derivatives represented by the following general formula or salts thereof: wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, styryl group, or an aryl group; R2 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, amino group, a cyclic amino group, or phenoxy group; ring A represents a homocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may be substituted; R3 represents a saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; and m represents an integer of from 0 to 3. The derivatives have excellent inhibitory actions against production of TNF or IL-1 and are extremely useful as preventive or therapeutic agents for diseases in which a cytokine is mediated.

Abstract: A plurality of fuel cells are stacked together. Current collectors are stacked on the fuel cells at opposite ends in a stacking direction of said fuel cells, and heating members are stacked on the outside of said current collectors. In a normal operating condition, electricity is delivered through the current collectors. When the temperature of end cells is lowered, a switching operation is performed to stop delivering electricity through the current collectors and start delivering electricity through the heating members.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a memory cell array having the arrangement of a plurality of cores, each of which comprises one block or a set of a plurality of blocks, each block defining a range of memory cells serving as a unit of data erase. The semiconductor device has a bank setting memory circuit configured to select an optional number of cores of the cores as a first bank and to set the remaining cores as a second bank, so as to allow a data read operation to be carried out in one of the first and second banks while a data write or erase operation is carried out in the other of the first and second banks.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is comprised of a nozzle plate which has at least four nozzle-hole sets. Each of the nozzle-hole sets has at least two nozzle holes through which fuel injection flows are injected and are collided with each other. The nozzle-hole sets are arranged into two aggregations so that the collided fuel injection flows are joined and are directed to two different directions.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine has a tubular metal case constructed of a magnetic material in and through which a fuel is to flow. The tubular metal case has one open end. A valve seat is tightly received in the open end of the tubular metal case. The valve seat has a fuel outlet formed therein. A valve element is axially movably received in the tubular metal case. The valve element is movable between a closed position wherein a valve body of the element closes the fuel outlet and an open position wherein the valve body opens the fuel outlet. An electromagnetic actuator is disposed about the tubular metal case to actuate the valve element to move between the closed and open positions. The tubular metal case is constructed of a ferritic stainless steel containing Titanium. An end portion of the tubular metal case to which a valve seat is fixed has a wall thickness which ranges from approximately 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an elliptic core optical fiber, in which a original preform having a circular core disposed at the center of a circular clad is processed to flatten on its periphery to form a processed preform that is then drawn with heating into an elliptic core optical fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical element including a substrate made of a monocrystal of a fluoride compound, and a fine structure formed on the substrate and made of a non-monocrystal of metal fluoride. Also disclosed are an optical system having such optical element, and an exposure apparatus having such optical system incorporated therein.