Abstract: A photosensitive poly(vinyl alcohol) derivative comprising units of the fula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkylene, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a lower alkoxy, ##STR2## is a quaternary aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle, X.sup.- is SO.sub.3.sup.- or CO.sub.2.sup.-, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer of 1 to 6 capable of being developed with an aqueous developing solution.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel contrast-enhancing agent for photolithography which is used as an overcoating on a positive-working photoresist layer for enhancing the contrast of the photoresist in a low-contrast exposure to light. The composition comprises, in addition to a watersoluble polymer, e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrroilidone) and pullulan, as the binder, a specific photo-bleachable organic compound having, in a molecule, at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic structure represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which Z is a divalent group to form the heterocyclic aromatic ring with the nitrogen atom, X is an anionic group of monovalency and n is a positive integer of, e.g., 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method for logic design of an integrated circuit IC in which at least one parameter concerning wiring line capacitances is used. The parameter can be precisely estimated even at a logic design stage preceding a layout design stage. The estimation is carried out by, first, classifying the logic units or the logic gates of the IC into hierarchal functional blocks. Second, specifying, for each closed network defined by delay paths, a higher level functional block in which the closed network is contained. Third, specifying lower level functional blocks enclosed by the higher functional block. Fourth, calculating the estimated wiring line capacitances of the closed network in accordance with predetermined data concerning both fan-out and actual wiring line capacitances. The data, used for the estimation, are varied in accordance with the degrees of the hierarchal level.

Abstract: A sheet arranging system for use with a sorter, collator, etc., providing a sheet arranging section defined by receiving rollers, delivery rollers and a forward reference edge, wherein sheets fed on the basis of rearward reference are moved toward a forward reference. The sheet arranging section has sheet obliquely moving means located therein for obliquely moving toward the delivery rollers and the forward reference edge the sheet released from the receiving rollers in accordance with the rearward reference irrespective of the size of the sheet, while so rotating the sheet that a corner of the leading edge of the sheet near to the operator is moved away from the forward reference edge.

Abstract: Mineral impurities can be effectively removed from coal by introducing oil droplets into an aqueous slurry of pulverized coal. Coal, which is lipophilic, attaches to the surface of the oil droplets and floats upwardly along with the oil droplets utilizing their buoyancy. On the other hand, mineral impurities, which are hydrophilic, are left in the aqueous slurry.

Abstract: A deflector (C) is movable relative to bin (E) to selectively deflect sheets into the bins (E) for collation. An enable signal for a next collation operation is generated when a sensor (94) senses that the required number of sheets for collation have been discharged into the bins (E). The sensor (94) in combination with a sensor (45) which senses sheets entering the collator (2) detect a sheet jam and enable computation of the number of jammed sheets by subtracting the number of sheets discharged into the bins (E) from the number of sheets entering the collator (2).

Abstract: A sheet distribution method for collating a plurality of sets of copies produced by a copying machine into respective bins of a collating apparatus operatively connected to the copying machine, each set of copies consisting of one copy of each respective page of an original document, includes the steps of providing a first display unit, displaying a total number of sets of copies to be produced and collated on the first display unit, computing whether the total number of sets is greater than a number of available bins in the collating apparatus, when the total number of sets is smaller than the number of available bins, collating the sets of copies into the respective bins in a single collation operation, when the total number of sets is greater than the number of available bins, collating the sets of copies into the respective bins in a plurality of successive collation operations, providing a second display unit, during collation of a page of the document by the collating apparatus, computing a total number

Abstract: A sorter for a copy machine is equipped with a portion adapted to receive sheets inserted manually for use as covers or partitions of the copies in the sorter. The sorter may be formed of one or more sorter portions arranged serially and is provided with a memory register for memorizing information corresponding to the number of sheets to be inserted manually, a count register for counting the number of sheets for manual insertion, and a circuit for inhibiting the manual insert operation for a predetermined period of time after the contents in the memory register becomes equal to the contents in the count register, thereby attaining the precise and reliable collation and sorting of the sheets to be inserted as covers and partitions.

Abstract: A power on clear circuit in which a flip-flop circuit is formed by cross connecting two gate circuits which have logically inverting functions, with the output of the flip-flop circuit being used to automatically clear a group of memory elements after the power supply is turned on. After all of the circuits in the group have been cleared, the cleared state is detected and the flip-flop circuit is reset by a detection signal.

Abstract: A large scale semiconductor integrated circuit and its wiring method employing a grid system where the layout space is partitioned in the form of a grid by vertical and horizontal line group having an interval larger than a length corresponding to a minimum dimension for a patterning in a manufacturing process; wiring patterns for making connection between each cell which is a unit of layout are depicted on such vertical and horizontal lines; and wirings are made on the basis of the wiring patterns. An interval (d) of these vertical and horizontal lines of the grid is the greatest common factor of the minimum wiring pitches of several overlapped wiring layers and is selected to a dimension which is smaller than said wiring pitch; and the vertical and horizontal line patterns are depicted on the vertical and horizontal lines having the same interval.

Abstract: A sheet distribution method is provided which, when a stop switch (20) to stop a copying operation of a copying machine (1) or an interrupt switch (21) to interrupt the copying operation is depressed during the copying operation in a collation mode or an assortment mode, inhibits any further copying operation while keeping only a copy sheet conveyor section operative to deliver already fed copy sheets to a collator 82). When the number of copy sheets stored in the collator (2) has coincided with the number of fresh sheets fed out of the copying machine (1) during that copying operation, the conveyor section is made inoperative and the next copy start and variation in the operating mode of the machine (1) or preset number of sheet to be copied are permitted.

Abstract: A bin for receiving sheets arranged in an apparatus for collating or sorting of sheets fed successively, which includes a rear end portion, a front end portion and an intermediate inclination portion connected therebetween. The front end portion includes a stopper or stoppers extending substantially vertical for stopping a front end of the sheet fed into the bin and a straight guide portion, on which the stopper or stoppers attached. The rear end portion includes an upright plate extending substantially vertical used for stopping and aligning a rear end of the sheet and a plate inclined so as to go down forwards in sheet feeding direction. The intermediate inclination portion is connected at front and rear end with the straight guide plate and the inclined plate of the rear end portion direct or through curve portion. In this bin the sheet can be aligned by using falling motion of the sheet with the own weight.

Abstract: A plurality of bins (31) to (40) are divided into two groups which are used alternatingly when a number of copies N to be collated exceeds the number of bins, thus allowing a copying machine to operate continually and further allowing an operator to remove the collated copies from one group while the copies are being collated in the other group. When the number of pages P of a document exceeds a predetermined number, the first group is defined to contain more bins than the second group, thereby reducing the number of times each page must be fed to the copying machine. A unique sensor arrangement (151) senses for feed failures using only two sensors (78), (79).

Abstract: A sorter connection apparatus disposed between a copying machine and a sorter, which is capable of feeding individually copy sheets discharged from the copying machine into the sorter, comprising a lower guide plate connecting the sheet outlet of the copying machine to the sheet inlet of the sorter, an upper guide plate situated above the lower guide plate, mounted detachably on the lower guide plate through a detachment device, and a sheet transportation roller which is in contact with the lower surface of the upper guide plate and at least the outer peripheral portion of which is made of an elastic material which can be easily deformed under application of pressure thereto. The sheets are transported, while held between the upper guide plate and the sheet transportation roller.

Abstract: A system for successively distributing one sheet after another to sheet receiving bins having a sheet guide device including conveyor belts and having sheet separating claws and a guiding device. The guiding device includes a contacting member successively brought into engagement with the sheet separating claws of a plurality of layers as the guiding device moves downwardly, to move the claws to an operative position in which the claws separates a sheet from the conveyor belts. The contacting member is moved to a position in which it is prevented from engaging the claws when the guiding device is moved upwardly during operation of the system. The sheet separated by the claws from the conveyor belts is moved to each bin along lower and upper guide plates while having its curl taken care of by a rod-shaped guide. The sheet guide device can be pivotally moved relative to a main body of the system, and the guiding device can be pivotally moved relative to the sheet guide device.

Abstract: A copying machine equipped with a collator for distributing copy sheets fed thereto from a copying machine body into its multiple bins and, upon the lapse of a determined period of time after a copying operation, changing the operating mode from a collation mode or an assortment mode, which may have been selected in the use of the collator, automatically to a normal copying mode. The collator is provided with a bin sheet sensor adapted to detect sheets in the bins thereof. The copying machine is also provided with means for cancelling the automatic mode changing function when the bin sheet sensor detects a sheet or sheets, that is, when the bins of the collator are not entirely empty.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors (61), (62), (63), (64) are spaced along a sheet feed path (14) to sense the presence of a copy sheet (13) adjacent thereto. A timing signal generator (53) feeds timing signals to the sensors (61), (62), (63), (64) at times when the sheet (13) should be present at the sensors (61), (62), (63), (64), the timing signals enabling the sensors respectively. The outputs of the sensors (61), (62), (63), (64) are connected in a wired-OR configuration to produce a logical sum output. Each sensor (61) typically comprises a light source (88), a photosensor (91) and a power switch such as a transistor (86). Each power switch (86) is constructed to connect the light source (88), the photosensor (91) or both to a power source (+V) in response to the respective timing signal.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor comprises at least one P channel MOSFET and at least one N channel MOSFET. In the semiconductor at least one additional doped portion is formed close to at least one of the P and N channel MOSFETs at a small part of the region which is driven by the voltage supply. The additional doped portion is directly connected to the voltage supply.

Abstract: A closed reactor for the thermal cracking of heavy oils, having an internally mounted, rotatable injection pipe. The injection pipe is adapted to spurt preheated raw material under pressure against the inner wall surfaces of the reactor while rotating to remove coke which has deposited on the reactor walls during the previous cracking operation.

Abstract: A hot gas containing nitrogen oxides is admixed with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water. Reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxides by ammonia is considerably promoted in a temperature range of 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and also ammonia present in excess of the nitrogen oxides is decomposed thereby, eliminating an unreacted ammonia effluent.