Abstract: For estimation of a critical state of a performance under a working condition of a secondary cell, in consideration of an internal resistance of the cell, a variable data provider provides variable data on the performance, including a first data on a variant of the performance, a second data on a current of the cell, and an estimated third data on a dynamic characteristic of the internal resistance, a specified data provider provides specified data on the cell, including a fourth data on a permissible range of the variant under the prescribed working condition, and exact data on the dynamic characteristic, and a critical state estimator processes the variable and specified data for estimation of the critical state, and has an internal resistance setter to process the second and third data to set exact data as a function of second data defining the dynamic characteristic, and an estimating element to process the first, fourth, and exact data to estimate the critical state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber-reinforced glass having excellent heat resistance and toughness, or a composite comprising a heat-resistant fiber and a siloxane polymer, which has a modified surface structure and is useful as a heat-resistant fiber.

Abstract: A vehicle braking control apparatus is configured to suppress the effect on the vehicle behavior when braking torque is reassigned between the wheels. The distribution of braking torques is reassigned between the front and rear wheels so as to increase the amount of braking carried out by regenerative braking while maintaining a constant total braking torque. When the frictional braking of the one pair of wheels is reassigned to the regenerative braking of the other pair of wheels, the amount reassigned to left and right of the wheels is adjusted in accordance with the steering angle.

Abstract: A metal member and a resin member, or two resin members are welded or bonded to each other at welding or bonding surfaces thereof which are heated by irradiation of a laser beam, thereby providing an assembly wherein the two members are fluid-tightly bonded at the bonding surfaces. The laser beam is transmitted through a laser transmitting resin, and a laser absorbing material which is in contact with the laser transmitting resin is irradiated with the laser beam, so that the laser absorbing material is heated, whereby the laser transmitting resin and the laser absorbing resin are melted owing to the heat. By moving the spot of the laser beam, portions of the resin members to be heated and melted displace, and the resin materials are melted and then solidify. The casing 202 includes an upper part 216 formed of the laser absorbing resin and a lower part 218 formed of the laser transmitting resin.

Abstract: A driving force control apparatus for a vehicle includes a first sensor that detects an output command supplied to a power source, a second sensor that detects an operating condition amount of a vehicle and a controller. The controller calculates a basic command value of an output of the power source based upon the output command from the first sensor, calculates a reference model command value based upon the basic command value and transmission characteristic of a response of reference model, calculates a correction value from a deviation between the reference model command value and a predetermined frequency component corresponding to a vibration of a vehicle driving system extracted out of the operating condition amount of the vehicle, and calculates a target command value based upon the basic command value and the correction value to control the torque of the power source.

Abstract: A coordinated brake control system of a hybrid brake system is arranged to determine a total braking torque command value according to a vehicle operating condition, to distribute the total braking-torque command value to regenerative braking-torque command value and the hydraulic braking-torque command value, to calculate a reference model response value relative to a wheel-cylinder hydraulic pressure command value, on the basis of a braking force reference model taking account of a delay of the actual hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic control system relative to the wheel-cylinder hydraulic pressure command value, and to correct the regenerative braking-torque command value according to a braking torque control error between the estimated braking torque actual value and the reference model response value. The corrected regenerative braking-torque command value is employed in the control of the regenerative brake apparatus.

Abstract: In input and output enabling power estimating apparatus and method for a secondary cell, an input enabling power (Pin) of the secondary cell is estimated on the basis of parameter estimated values (&thgr;) and an open-circuit voltage (Vo), and an output enabling power (Pout) of the secondary cell is estimated on the basis of the parameter estimated values and the open-circuit voltage (Vo), the parameters are integrally estimated from at least one of equations (1) and (2): 1 V = B ⁡ ( s ) A ⁡ ( s ) ⁢ • ⁢   ⁢ I + 1 C ⁡ ( s ) ⁢ • ⁢   ⁢ Vo , ⁢ wherein ⁢ ⁢ A ⁡ ( s ) = ∑ k = 0 n ⁢ a k ⁢ • ⁢   ⁢ s k , B ⁡ ( s ) = ∑ k = 0 n ⁢ b k ⁢ • ⁢   ⁢ s k , C ⁡ ( s ) = ∑ k = 0 n ⁢ c k ⁢ • ⁢   ⁢ s k , ( 1 )

Abstract: An electronically controlled hydraulic brake system is configured to obtain an attainment brake hydraulic pressure which can be achieved when a motor drive current command value is applied to a pressure increasing pump motor, to set a virtual initial pressure of the brake hydraulic pressure, to obtain a linear compensation executed attainment brake hydraulic pressure by linearly compensating the attainment brake hydraulic pressure using the actual brake hydraulic pressure, to calculate an ideal flow rate of the pressure increasing pump from a hydrodynamic flow rate equation, to obtain the linear compensation executed attainment brake hydraulic pressure by executing an inverse calculation of the flow rate equation from the ideal flow rate and the actual brake hydraulic pressure, and to obtain a linear compensation executed motor drive current command value by executing an inverse calculation of the calculation for obtaining the linear compensation executed attainment brake hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: A body member and flange members are butted together at first and second abutment portions, and are retained by first and second backing jigs. In this arrangement, inner circumferential surfaces of the first and second abutment portions are fitted on and in close contact with outer circumferential surfaces of the first and second backing jigs. Subsequently, the friction stir welding is performed along each of the first abutment portion and the second abutment portion by using a probe which is rotated at a high speed.

Abstract: A body member and flange members are butted together at a first abutment portion and a second abutment portion. The first and second abutment portions are held by first and second backing jigs, respectively. The first backing jig has a circumscribing recessed section corresponding to an inner circumferential surface of the first abutment portion. Further, the first backing jig has a circumscribing opening communicated with the bottom of the recessed section. On the other hand, the second backing jig has a circumscribing recessed section corresponding to an inner circumferential surface of the second abutment portion. Further, the second backing jig has a circumscribing opening communicated with the bottom of the recessed section. First and second buffer members are attached to the recessed sections, respectively.

Abstract: A valve body of an intake controlling valve, which is selectively opened and closed to communicate and interrupt communications between chambers which are divided by a partition wall in a resin surge tank, may be used for internal combustion engines. A variable intake device for an internal combustion engine is manufactured such that the valve unit is integrally assembled to a resin surge tank body by installing the valve unit into an opening of an outer wall of the resin surge tank and an opening of the partition wall formed at the partition wall and fixing the valve unit. Between the frame and the opening of the partition wall, and the valve unit and the opening of the outer wall are integrally fixed at their contact portions through adhesion with an adhesive or by welding.

Abstract: A coordinated brake control system is for a hybrid brake system including a regenerative brake unit and a friction brake unit for a vehicle and is arranged to generate a total braking torque which is a combination of a regenerative braking torque generated by the regenerative brake unit and a friction braking torque generated by the friction brake unit, so as to bring the total braking-torque closer to a target braking torque, and to limit a rate of change of the regenerative braking torque according to a response delay of the friction braking torque when a first distribution ratio of the generative braking torque relative to the total braking torque is decreased and when a second distribution ratio of the friction braking torque relative to the total braking torque is increased.

Abstract: In charge rate estimating apparatus and method for a secondary cell, a current flowing through the secondary cell is measured, a voltage across terminals of the secondary cell is measured, an adaptive digital filtering is carried out using a cell model in a continuous time series shown in an equation (1), all of parameters at one time are estimated, the parameters corresponding to an open-circuit voltage which is an offset term of the equation (1) and coefficients of A(s), B(s), and C(s) which are transient terms, and, the charge rate is estimated from a relationship between a previously derived open-circuit voltage V0 and the charge rate SOC using the open-circuit voltage V0, 1 V = B ⁡ ( s ) A ⁡ ( s ) · I + 1 C ⁡ ( s ) · V 0 , ( 1 )

Abstract: A brake control apparatus is configured to suppress fluctuations in the deceleration when transferring from cooperative braking to regenerative braking or hydraulic braking. The brake control apparatus calculates a braking torque command value feed forward component for reaching a target deceleration corresponding to the master cylinder pressure according to an ideal reference model. The brake control apparatus also calculates the braking torque command value feedback component to find a base deceleration for feeding back the difference between the base deceleration and the vehicle deceleration. The brake control apparatus then calculates the braking torque command value by adding the components together.

Abstract: A brake control system for a vehicle is comprised of a first braking device that generates a braking torque by operating a driving source of the vehicle and a second braking device that generates the braking torque by operating a hydraulic brake system of the vehicle. A controller of the brake control system is arranged to calculate a desired braking torque according to a driver's demand, to divide the desired braking torque into a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component, to command the first braking device to generate the high-frequency component, and to command at least one of the first braking device and the second braking device to generate the low-frequency component.

Abstract: A coordinated brake control system of a hybrid brake system is arranged to determine a total braking torque command value according to a vehicle operating condition, to distribute the total braking-torque command value to regenerative braking-torque command value and the hydraulic braking-torque command value, to calculate a reference model response value relative to a wheel-cylinder hydraulic pressure command value, on the basis of a braking force reference model taking account of a delay of the actual hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic control system relative to the wheel-cylinder hydraulic pressure command value, and to correct the regenerative braking-torque command value according to a braking torque control error between the estimated braking torque actual value and the reference model response value. The corrected regenerative braking-torque command value is employed in the control of the regenerative brake apparatus.

Abstract: A cylinder head gasket includes a pair of first and second gasket substrates. The gasket substrates are each formed with a first and a second projection which project in opposite directions, with a clearance therebetween. According to a first aspect of the invention, each projection undergoes a plastic deformation toward the clearance defined between them when the gasket substrates are held sandwiched between a cylinder head and a cylinder block, each projection undergoing a magnitude of plastic deformation which is greater or lesser in accordance with the magnitude of a surface pressure therebetween. According to a second aspect of the invention, each projection is formed with a radially central part which projects toward the radially central part of the other projection and which is in close contact with each other continuously in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A high-strength, heat-resistant organic fiber and textile product each comprising or having coated thereon an aqueous emulsion is provided. The emulsion comprises or is produced from a fluorocarbon silane or an emulsion, said emulsion comprises or is produced from (1) a fluorocarbon silane or its hydrolyzate, (2) water, and (3) optionally a surfactant, an alkoxysilane compound, catalyst, or combinations of two or more thereof; said fluorocarbon silane having the formula Rf—(CH2)p—Si{—(O—CH2CH2)n—OR1}3; Rf is a C3-18 perfluoroalkyl group or combinations of two or more thereof; each R1 is independently one or more C1-3 alkyl groups; p is 2 to 4; and n is 2 to 10. Also disclosed is a process for producing the emulsion, the fiber, and the textile product.

Abstract: Vaccinal preparations comprising an antigen such as tumor-associated antigens and viral antigens, together with a hydrophobized polysaccharide as adjuvant, e.g., hydrophobized polysaccharides containing a saccharide unit whose primary hydroxyl group is represented by the following formula: —O—(CH2)mCONH(CH2)nNH—CO—O—R wherein R represents an alkyl group or a sterol residue; m represents 0 or 1; and n represents an arbitrary positive integer, at a ratio of one to five units per 100 saccharide units that constitute the polysaccharide, preferably comprising an antigen encapsulated in microparticles of aggregated hydrophobized polysaccharide.

Abstract: To weld a filter made of a laser beam-transmittable fiber material to a case 2 made of a laser beam-nontransmittable resin material by a laser beam LB, the filter 4 is first placed on the case 2; subsequently, the filter 4 is pressurized by a jig 19 to increase the fiber density of a welding portion B2; and then the welding portion B2 is irradiated by the laser beam LB. In the step of increasing the fiber density, a periphery of the welding portion B2 is pressurized by the jig 19 to increase the fiber density of the filter 4 in a larger area than the welding portion B2. Accordingly, the laser beam LB transmitting through the filter 4 melts a part of the case 2, and the melted resin material permeates through gaps between the fibers constituting the filter 4, thereby welding the welding portion to the case 2.