Abstract: The present invention provides a method by which a 6-hydroxyethyl penam compound represented by General Formula (2) below can be produced with a high selectivity: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for carboxylic acid and X2 represents a halogen atom; the method including the steps of reacting a Grignard reagent with a halogeno penam compound represented by General Formula (1) below: wherein R and X2 are the same as above, and X1 represents a halogen atom; reacting the generated compound with an amine compound; and further reacting the generated compound with acetaldehyde.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a STAT3/5 activation inhibitor. The present invention provides a STAT3/5 activation inhibitor containing an aromatic compound represented by the general formula or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: wherein X1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group —CH?, R1 represents a group —Z—R6, in which Z represents a group —CO—, a group —CH(OH)— or the like, R6 represents a 5- to 15-membered monocyclic, dicyclic or tricyclic saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group having 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Y represents a group —O—, a group —CO—, a group —CH(OH)— or a lower alkylene group, and A represents a group wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group or the like, p represents 1 or 2, R4 represents an imidazolyl lower alkyl group or the like.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory that has plural banks; a memory controller that includes a request queue and a bank monitor and controls access to the memory; a master group including plural masters that can request access to the memory; and a system bus which is connected between the memory controller and the master group and in which an arbiter is arranged, wherein the request queue has a scheduling function for receiving access requests issued from the master group through the system bus and appropriately rearranging the received access requests and provides the arbiter with queue information, the bank monitor monitors information concerning respective banks of the memory and provides the arbiter with the bank information, and the arbiter arbitrates requests issued in parallel from the masters of the master group on the basis of the queue information and the bank information provided thereto and transmits the information to the memory controller as access control information.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is disclosed that includes an image processing part configured to perform image processing for causing a printer to print document data, the printer having a nozzle head having a first nozzle group and a second nozzle group, the first nozzle group having multiple K nozzles and multiple nozzles whose positions coincide with positions of the K nozzles in a sub scanning direction, the second nozzle group having multiple nozzles offset in the sub scanning direction from the K nozzles. The image processing part is configured to perform the image processing so that K is prevented from being applied to and one or more colors related to the second nozzle group are applied to multiple dots corresponding to the second nozzle group in a single movement of the nozzle head in a main scanning direction with respect to a gray drawing object contained in the document data.

Abstract: Disclosed is technology for holding a substrate and, specifically, an object holding apparatus including a chuck for holding an object, a holding unit for holding the chuck, a generating unit provided in the holding unit, for generating a field related to an attraction force, a member provided in the chuck and attracted by the generating unit in accordance with the field, and a supporting unit for supporting one of the generating unit and the member, for movement at least in a direction nearing the other and in a direction away from the other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition that can effectively improve melasma and a composition that can effectively reduce skin dullness. The composition for improving melasma comprises a purine nucleic acid-related substance and a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier, and exhibits an excellent melasma improving effect due to the action of the purine nucleic acid-related substance contained. The composition for reducing skin dullness comprises a purine nucleic acid-related substance and a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier, and exhibits an excellent effect of reducing skin dullness due to the action of the purine nucleic acid-related substance contained.

Abstract: A planar pulse motor includes a movable element and a stator, wherein the movable element contains a magnetic material, and has a plurality of convex portions on a surface thereof facing the stator. The stator includes a plurality of magnetic field generators to drive the movable element, and each magnetic field generator includes a yoke having a plurality of teeth and a coil which excites the yoke. The planar pulse motor includes a controller which controls rotation of the movable element by energizing magnetic field generators selected from magnetic field generators, whose regions do not include a center line of the movable element along a driving direction of the movable element and do not include portions outside a region facing the movable element, of the plurality of magnetic field generators.

Abstract: Upon generation of an image forming request, a control unit sets a request flag in a nonvolatile rewritable memory. A toner consumption monitoring unit calculates amount of toner consumption during a process of image formation based on the image forming request and the request flag. Upon completion of the process of image formation, the control unit deletes the request flag from the memory unit. Thus, it becomes possible to determine whether the amount of toner consumption is correctly updated based on the request flag and accurately monitor the amount of toner consumption.

Abstract: A source electrode and a drain electrode on a silicon oxide film (31) each has a double-layered structure of an ITO film (32), a transparent electrode, and a metal film (33) formed on the ITO film (32). A gap (35), no source electrode and drain electrode region, is formed between the source electrode and the drain electrode. A silicon nitride film (34) (a gate insulating film) is formed on the source electrode and the drain electrode and in the gap (35). The silicon nitride film (34) is a first region D1 having a relatively large thickness and a second region D2 having a relatively small thickness. The region D2 of the silicon nitride film (34) is provided with an MIM structure. A gate bus layer (36) is formed on the silicon nitride film (34). An MIM structure is formed in the second region D2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a phosphine derivative from a phosphine oxide derivative, which comprises the following steps: (I) mixing a phosphine oxide derivative represented by formula (1) with a chlorinating agent in a polar organic solvent to cause the reaction between these components; and (II-1) adding a salt of a metal having an ionization tendency equal to or lower than that of aluminum to the reaction mixture and carrying out the reductive reaction in the presence of aluminum or (II-2) subjecting the reaction mixture to electrolytic reduction, thereby producing a phosphine derivative represented by formula (2). ArnR3-nP?O (1) ArnR3-nP (2) In formulae (1) and (2), Ar represents an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a phenyl group having a substituent, a heteroaromatic ring group, and a heteroaromatic ring group having a substituent; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a substituent; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a STAT3/5 activation inhibitor. The present invention provides a STAT3/5 activation inhibitor containing an aromatic compound represented by the general formula or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: wherein X1 represents a nitrogen atom or a group —CH?, R1 represents a group —Z—R6, in which Z represents a group —CO—, a group —CH(OH)— or the like, R6 represents a 5- to 15-membered monocyclic, dicyclic or tricyclic saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group having 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Y represents a group —O—, a group —CO—, a group —CH(OH)— or a lower alkylene group, and A represents a group wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group or the like, p represents 1 or 2, R4 represents an imidazolyl lower alkyl group or the like.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus configured to exchange email data via a network includes a system control unit which controls an operation of the facsimile apparatus, a communication management unit which stores communication management information in response to occurrence of a facsimile communication, an address registration unit which registers an email address to which email is transmitted, and a data-format conversion unit which converts the communication management information stored in the communication management unit into data in a text format, wherein the system control unit sends the communication management information in the text format to the email address registered in the address registration unit by email.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a stage configured to hold an original thereon and to move in a horizontal direction, a first interferometer configured to emit first measurement light used for measuring a position of the stage in a vertical direction thereof, a first mirror provided on a bottom surface of the stage, and a second mirror provided directly below the first mirror. The second mirror is disposed so as to guide the first measurement light emitted from the first interferometer to the first mirror.

Abstract: An information-processing apparatus comprises an acquisition unit configured to acquire information about a communication-method type from a display device connected to the information-processing apparatus, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the display device is adapted to receive data on digital contents by using a predetermined copyright-protection technology based on the communication-method-type information, a conversion unit configured to convert an image quality of the digital contents based on the determination result, and an output unit configured to transmit the converted digital contents to the display device.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus including a toner cartridge for holding toner, an image supporting unit, on which an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a toner image is formed, a toner development unit for developing the latent image into the toner image with the toner, a detecting unit for detecting toner concentration of the toner image, and a control unit for controlling an amount of toner adhering to the latent image by adjusting a development bias voltage based on an output of the detecting unit. If control by the control unit based on the detection output of the detecting unit is insufficient, and consumption of the toner is out of a predetermined normal range, the control is carried out by estimating one of toner consumption amount and toner recovery amount in a direction that departs from the predetermined normal range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method by which a 6-hydroxyethyl penam compound represented by General Formula (2) below can be produced with a high selectivity: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for carboxylic acid and X2 represents a halogen atom; the method including the steps of reacting a Grignard reagent with a halogeno penam compound represented by General Formula (1) below: wherein R and X2 are the same as above, and X1 represents a halogen atom; reacting the generated compound with an amine compound; and further reacting the generated compound with acetaldehyde.

Abstract: A solar cell construction in a display device is provided. The photovoltaic conversion can be performed with high efficiency by the solar cell construction. The display device includes a front substrate and an opposing rear substrate, which are light-transmissive. The display device further includes an optical control layer, a solar cell layer and an insulating flattened layer. The optical control layer is disposed between the substrates, wherein images formed by the optical control layer are displayed on the outer side of the front substrate. The solar cell layer is disposed in a specific area of the major surface on the rear substrate, between the rear substrate serving as a base for supporting it and the optical control layer, and receives incident light coming from the external surroundings through the rear substrate. The insulating flattened layer is formed on the solar cell layer, wherein the optical control layer is formed on and supported by the insulating flattened layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, and a control method and program for same, whereby processing efficiency can be improved by permitting processing in respect of other print requests, even when paper has not been loaded in a manual paper supply unit after a manual print request has been made. When a print request relating to a prescribed paper is received, processing in respect of other print requests is permitted until it is detected that the prescribed paper has been loaded.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory that has plural banks; a memory controller that includes a request queue and a bank monitor and controls access to the memory; a master group including plural masters that can request access to the memory; and a system bus which is connected between the memory controller and the master group and in which an arbiter is arranged, wherein the request queue has a scheduling function for receiving access requests issued from the master group through the system bus and appropriately rearranging the received access requests and provides the arbiter with queue information, the bank monitor monitors information concerning respective banks of the memory and provides the arbiter with the bank information, and the arbiter arbitrates requests issued in parallel from the masters of the master group on the basis of the queue information and the bank information provided thereto and transmits the information to the memory controller as access control information.

Abstract: A planar pulse motor includes a movable element and a stator, wherein the movable element contains a magnetic material, and has a plurality of convex portions on a surface thereof facing the stator, the stator includes a plurality of magnetic field generators to drive the movable element, and each magnetic field generator includes a yoke having a plurality of teeth and a coil which excites the yoke, and the planar pulse motor includes a controller which controls rotation of the movable element by energizing magnetic field generators selected from magnetic field generators, whose regions do not include a center line of the movable element along a driving direction of the movable element and do not include portions outside a region facing the movable element, of the plurality of magnetic field generators.