Abstract: The inkjet recording method includes ejecting an inkjet ink toward a recording medium to form an ink image on the recording medium. The inkjet ink includes a pigment, water, a surfactant, and at least one of 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide and 3-n-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide. When Dp represents the diameter of a pigment portion in a dot image formed by dropping a droplet of the inkjet ink with a volume of 0.5 ?l on the recording medium, and Dv represent the diameter of a vehicle portion in the dot image, the ratio Dv/Dp is from 1.4 to 1.7.

Abstract: An image forming method including adhering a pretreatment liquid to a surface of a recording medium bearing a coat layer thereon; adhering an ink including a colorant, an organic solvent, a surfactant and water to the surface of the recording medium to form an image of the ink; and adhering an aftertreatment liquid to the image-bearing surface of the recording medium to form a protective layer on at least the image on the recording medium. The organic solvent of the ink includes a polyalcohol having an equilibrium moisture content of not less than 30% by weight at 23° C. and 80% RH; a ?-alkoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide compound, and at least one compound selected from 1,3-dioxane-4-methanol compounds, oxetane compounds, and sebacic acid dialkylester compounds.

Abstract: An image forming method applying a pretreatment liquid on the surface of a recording medium; and applying an inkjet ink including a colorant, a hydrosoluble organic solvent, a surfactant and water on the surface applied with the pretreatment liquid, wherein the hydrosoluble organic solvent includes at least one polyol including an equilibrium water content in an amount not less than 30% by weight at 23° C. and 80% RH; an amide compound having the following formula (I); and at least one of compounds having the following formulae (II) to (IV), and wherein a pure water transfers to the recording medium in an amount of from 1 to 15 mL/m2 when measured by a dynamic scanning liquid absorptometer at a contact time of 100 ms.

Abstract: A liquid composition containing: a water-soluble cationic polymer obtained by polymerizing monomers containing epihalohydrin and at least one of amine and amide; and water, wherein the liquid composition is for agglutinating negatively charged particles which are dispersed in a dispersion liquid.

Abstract: To provide an inkjet ink, which contains: water; a wetting agent; a surfactant; and a colorant, wherein the wetting agent contains at least an amide compound represented by the following structural formula (I):

Abstract: A liquid composition for agglutinating particles having a negative charge which are dispersed in a dispersion liquid, the liquid composition including: an organic acid ammonium salt represented by Formula (1), and water, Formula (1) where R1 represents a hydroxyl group, a methyl group or a hydrogen atom; and R2 represents a hydroxyl group or a methyl group.

Abstract: An image forming method including applying a processing fluid for inkjet recording to both sides of a recording medium and, after applying the processing fluid, discharging ink onto at least one side of the recording medium to form an image thereon. The processing fluid for inkjet recording comprises water and a hydrosoluble organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a metal coating having a microstructure as well as a structural member having a metal coating formed by the method. In particular, the invention provides an advantageous method of forming a metal coating in which minute carbides are uniformly dispersed. The method of forming the metal coating of the present invention includes the steps of cladding a surface of the substrate with metal powder by a laser cladding method and forming the metal coating having a microstructure by applying a friction stir processing to the cladded region.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble organic solvent; a surface active agent; a coloring agent; and at least one of a hydrosoluble resin, a resin emulsion, and a resin-coated pigment. The ratio of the hydrosoluble organic solvent in the ink to the ink is from 40% to less than 50% by weight. The hydrosoluble organic solvent comprises components A, B, and C. The content ratio of component A relative to the ink is from 5% to less than 10% by weight; the content ratio of the component B is from 5% to less than 30% by weight; and the content ratio of a hydrosoluble organic solvent having an equilibrium moisture content of 20% by weight or less at 23° C. and 80% RH as the component C is from 10% to less than 30% by weight.

Abstract: An inkjet treatment liquid including: a water-soluble coagulating agent; a water-soluble organic solvent; a fluoro-chemical surfactant; a foam inhibitor; and water, wherein the foam inhibitor is a compound represented by General Formula (I), and the fluorochemical surfactant contains a compound represented by General Formula (II): HOR1R3C—[CH2]n—CR2R4OH General Formula (I) in General Formula (I), R1 and R2 each denote an alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 each denote an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; and n denotes an integer of 1 to 6; and Rf-Q-Z General Formula (II) in General Formula (II), Rf denotes a perfluoroalkyl group; Q denotes a bonding group; and Z denotes a hydrophilic group containing —(CH2CH2O)n—, —COO?, —SO3?, —SO4?, or —PO4?; and n denotes an integer of 1 to 50.

Abstract: A method of metal surface hardening treatment inducing transformation, in which transformation is induced in a surface interior of material as hardening treatment object by simple, rapid treatment utilizing a frictional heat under pressure without the occurrence of melt loss, quench crack, soft spot, deformation, etc. to thereby reform the structure of surface interior of material as hardening treatment object into a miniaturized martensitic structure.

Abstract: A metal material processing method includes arranging two metal materials to face each other in a processing portion and inserting a distal end of a rod-shaped rotary tool into the processing portion while rotating the rotary tool, the two metal materials are processed. The distal end of the rotary tool has a probe protruding in a central portion and a shoulder in a peripheral portion, and the probe and the shoulder are constituted by different materials in at least surface portions that are in contact with the metal materials.

Abstract: Provided are a method of modifying a cemented carbide and a cemented carbide modified by the method. Particularly provided is an advantageous method of modifying a cemented carbide layer formed by a thermal spraying method on a surface of a metal substrate. The method of modifying a cemented carbide includes applying a friction stir process to a cemented carbide, thereby allowing crystal grains in a binder phase included in the cemented carbide to become finer. It is possible to achieve modification effectively by applying the friction stir process particularly to a cemented carbide layer formed on a surface of a metal substrate by using the thermal spraying method.

Abstract: A piezoelectric electronic component for use in a cellular phone or the like and capable of achieving reductions in size and profile is provided. A piezoelectric element oscillating in response to application of an input signal and outputting an output signal corresponding to the oscillations is provided on a substrate. The piezoelectric element includes a pad, the pad inputting and outputting the input and output signals. A shell member serving as a sealing member and having an insulation film covering the piezoelectric element is provided on the substrate, the shell member being remote from the piezoelectric element. The shell member includes a through hole above the pad, and the through hole is occluded with an electrode.

Abstract: A method for refining the texture of a ferrous material. The method includes a first step and a second step. The first step includes a step of making carbide particles in a portion of a base material smaller. The second step includes a step of nitriding at least a part of said portion.

Abstract: Inkjet recording treatment liquids include: at least one water-soluble organic solvent; water; at least one compound according to formula (I) wherein: each of R1 and R3 independently represents H, a lower alkoxy group, or a lower perfluoroalkoxy group; each of R2 and R4 independently represents a lower perfluoroalkyl group; each of p, q, and r is independently an integer of 1 to 24; m is an integer of 1 to 28; and n is an integer of 0 to 10; and at least one compound according to formula (II) wherein: each of R5, R6, and R7 independently represents a lower alkyl group, a lower perfluoroalkoxy group, or F; and M is Li, Na, or K. Methods of inkjet recording, inkjet recording apparatus, storage bags, and cartridges employing the inkjet recording treatment liquids are also provided.

Abstract: In a metal material processing method, two metal materials are arranged to face each other in a processing portion, and a distal end of a rod-shaped rotary tool is inserted into the processing portion while rotating the rotary tool, thereby the two metal materials are processed. The distal end of the rotary tool has a probe protruding in a central portion and a shoulder in a peripheral portion. The probe and the shoulder are constituted by different materials in at least surface portions that are in contact with the metal materials.

Abstract: Metallic materials having a melting point of at least 2000° C. are caused to abut against each other in a welding part. The rear face side of the welding part is covered by a backing member having a thermal conductivity of 30 W/mK or lower, and then a columnar probe of a rotary tool comprising an Ir alloy is inserted into the front face side of the welding part to weld the metallic materials together. On the front face side of the welding part, inactive gas is supplied into a shield cover. The rotary tool is moved along a longitudinal direction of the welding part while rotating the rotary tool, whereby the metallic materials are welded together. By using the rotary tool comprising an Ir alloy, the refractory metals can be welded to each other by means of friction stir welding.

Abstract: In a first step, friction stir welding is performed, while supplying a filler into a joining portion, in order to prevent the coarsening of crystal grains of metal materials in a subsequent fusion processing. Then, a fusion processing such as MIG welding is performed. The filler to be added to the joining portion includes a substance that does not chemically react with the metal materials and has a melting point higher than a melting point of the metal materials and a substance in which a misfit with the metal materials is within ±15%. As a result, the coarsening of crystal grains by the fusion processing is inhibited and the joint strength can be increased.

Abstract: The TIG welding methods of the present invention include generating an electric arc between an electrode and an object to weld the object, wherein a first shielding gas including an inert gas flows toward the welded object surrounding the electrode, a second shielding gas containing an oxidative gas flows toward the welded object along a periphery of the first shielding gas, and the concentration of the oxidative gas in the second shielding gas is set such that the oxygen concentration in the welded metal portion of the welded object is within a range of 70 to 220 wt. ppm.