Abstract: Provided are a long-life and inexpensive friction stir welding tool that is not dependent on the mode of friction stir welding or the type of material to be welded, and a friction stir welding method using the friction stir welding tool. The friction stir welding tool comprises a body portion having a shoulder portion, and a probe portion disposed on a bottom surface of the body portion, and is characterized in that the probe portion is spherical-crown shaped. Preferably, the shoulder portion is flat or convex, and preferably the hardness of the shoulder portion is greater than the hardness of the probe portion.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing recessed micromechanical structures in a MEMS device wafer. First vertical trenches in the device wafer define the horizontal dimensions of both level and recessed structures. The horizontal face of the device wafer and the vertical sidewalls of the first vertical trenches are then covered with a self-supporting etching mask which is made of a self-supporting mask material, which is sufficiently rigid to remain standing vertically in the location where it was deposited even as the sidewall upon which it was deposited is etched away. Recess trenches are then etched under the protection of the self-supporting mask. The method allows a spike-preventing aggressive etch to be used for forming the recess trenches, without harming the sidewalls in the first vertical trenches.

Abstract: A dissimilar material solid phase bonding method is disclosed wherein one member and another member having different compositions are brought into contact with one another by way of an insert material to form an interface (1) to be bonded, at which the one member and the insert material are in contact with one another, and an interface (2) to be bonded, at which the other member and the insert material are in contact with one another; the temperature of the interface (1) to be bonded and the interface (2) to be bonded is raised by means of frictional heat and/or by electrical heating; a bonding pressure (1) is applied substantially perpendicular to the interface (1) to be bonded; a bonding pressure (2) is applied substantially perpendicular to the interface (2) to be bonded; and the bonding pressure (1) and the bonding pressure (2) are set to different values.

Abstract: An active-energy-ray-polymerizable initiator having a structure represented by the following general formula (1) is provided. In general formula (1), L1 represents —C(?O)—O— (binding to L2 side) or —O—, L2 represents —O(CH2)p-(binding to L1 side), —(OC2H4)n-(binding to L1 side), or —(OC3H6)m-(binding to L1 side), where p represents an integer of 2 to 16, n represents an integer of 2 to 12, and m represents 2 or 3, L3 represents a direct binding or —NH—, L4 represents —OC2H4-(binding to L3 side) or —(OC2H4)2-(binding to L3 side), and R represents —H or —CH3.

Abstract: Provided are an effective and simple surface-modifying method for prolonging the life of a steel structure made of a steel material having a high sulfur (S) content, and a steel structure having a life prolonged by the surface-modifying method. A surface-modifying method for forming a friction stir region on the surface of a steel material by friction stir processing, wherein a sulfur (S) content of the steel material is 200 ppm or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a weathering steel for solid-state welding that forms an excellent weld when subjected to solid-state welding and has tensile properties equivalent or superior to those of high tensile strength steel, said steel having weathering properties superior to those of conventional weathering steel for welding, wherein the reliability of the weld is equivalent or superior to that of the parent material; and a weathering steel material for solid-state welding. Further, there is provided a solid-state welded structure that includes the weathering steel for solid-state welding according to the present invention, and a solid-state welding method for said weathering steel for solid-state welding. The weathering steel for solid-state welding having a steel composition comprises, in % by mass, C: 0.10 to 0.60% and P: more than 0.035 to 1.000%, with the remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: An image forming method includes discharging ink containing water, a coloring material, a polymerization initiator, and a polymerizable compound to a recording medium by a line head to obtain an image, exposing the image to active energy radiation, applying a processing fluid to the image, and drying the image with heat, wherein the time interval between when the ink is discharged in the discharging from the line head to the recording medium passing under a bottom portion of the line head and when the recording medium is exposed to the active energy radiation in the exposing is from 0.5 to 15 seconds.

Abstract: A linear friction welding method capable of accurately controlling a welding temperature and capable of lowering the welding temperature is provided. The present invention is a linear friction welding method comprising: a first step of forming a welded interface by bringing one member into contact with the other member; a second step of repeatedly sliding one member and the other member on the same locus and discharging flash from the welded interface in a state where pressure is applied substantially perpendicularly to the welded interface; and a third step of forming a welded surface by stopping the sliding and setting the pressure to be not less than the yield stress and not more than the tensile strength of one member and/or the other member at a desired welding temperature.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool (1) has a shoulder portion (2) and a probe portion (6) provided on a bottom surface of the shoulder portion (2). The probe portion (6) has a length of 5.5 mm or more. In the friction stir welding tool (1), a ceramic material whose main phase is silicon nitride or sialon is used as a base material.

Abstract: Provided are a simple and effective friction welding method that can suppress increases in hardness of the welded part and reductions in hardness (strength) in the heat affected zone regardless of the composition of ferrous material, and a welded structure obtained with the same. The present invention relates to a friction welding method wherein surfaces to be welded of two metal members (2, 4) to be welded are made to slide in contact with each other. The friction welding method is characterized in that at least one of the metal members (2, 4) to be welded is a ferrous material, and the maximum temperature reached during welding is equal to or less than the A3 point or equal to or less than the Acm point of the ferrous material. The maximum temperature reached during welding is preferably equal to or less than the A1 point of the ferrous material.

Abstract: A curable composition comprises water, a polysilane compound having a phenyl group, and at least one of a polymerizable particle and a polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: The friction stir welding tool member according to the present invention is made of a ceramic member in which a shoulder portion and a probe portion are integrally formed, wherein a root portion of the probe portion and an end portion of the shoulder portion have a curved surface shape; and the friction stir welding tool member has a ratio (R1/D) of 0.02 or more and 0.20 or less when a curvature radius of the end portion of the shoulder portion is defined as R1 (mm) and an outer diameter of the shoulder portion is defined as D (mm). In addition, the ceramic member is preferably made of a silicon nitride sintered body having a Vickers hardness of 1400 HV1 or more. According to the above-described configuration, a friction stir welding tool member having excellent durability can be provided.

Abstract: An inkjet printing method is provided that includes irradiating a curable composition with ultraviolet rays emitted from a light-emitting diode having a peak illuminance in a wavelength range of from 265 nm through 300 nm to cure the curable composition. The curable composition contains water, a polymerizable compound, and a water-soluble polymerization initiator having local absorption maximum in a wavelength range of 300 nm or shorter. A mass content of the water is higher than a mass content of the polymerizable compound and the mass content of the polymerizable compound is higher than a mass content of the water-soluble polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a friction welding method capable of reducing the welding temperature and a friction welding method capable of obtaining a welded portion free of defects regardless the type of material. A frictional welding method in which one member is brought into contact with the other member and slides while a load is applied substantially perpendicularly to the interface to be welded, the frictional welding method comprising: a first step in which frictional welding is carried out by setting a pressure calculated from the area and the load of the interface to be welded to be equal to or higher than the yield stress and the tensile strength of one member and/or the other member at a desired welding temperature; and a second step in which frictional welding is carried out by lowering the load, wherein the first step and the second step are continuously carried out.

Abstract: The friction stir welding tool member according to the present invention is made of a silicon nitride sintered body, wherein the silicon nitride sintered body contains 15% by mass or less of additive components except silicon nitride in such a manner that the additive components include at least one element selected from lanthanoid elements and at least one element selected from Mg, Ti, Hf, and Mo. In addition, it is preferable that the additive components further include at least one element selected from Al, Si, and C. According to the above-described configuration, a friction stir welding tool member having an excellent durability can be provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing recessed micromechanical structures in a wafer. A first etching mask and a second etching mask are patterned on the horizontal face of the wafer. The second etching mask defines at least one recess area and the first etching mask defines at least one etch-control area within the at least one recess area. The placement, number and dimensions of the etch-control areas influence the vertical etch rate of the recessed structure. Adjacent structures can be etched to different recess depths by selecting suitable etch-control areas.

Abstract: Provided are a long-life and inexpensive friction stir welding tool that is not dependent on the mode of friction stir welding or the type of material to be welded, and a friction stir welding method using the friction stir welding tool. The friction stir welding tool comprises a body portion having a shoulder portion, and a probe portion disposed on a bottom surface of the body portion, and is characterized in that the probe portion is spherical-crown shaped. Preferably, the shoulder portion is flat or convex, and preferably the hardness of the shoulder portion is greater than the hardness of the probe portion.

Abstract: A low-temperature joining method effectively suppresses reductions in the mechanical properties of a junction of various types of high-tensile steel or aluminum, and of a heat-affected zone; and produces a joint structure. A method for joining two metal materials by forming a joint interface in which the two metal materials face each other at a joint portion and plunge a rotation tool caused to rotate at a prescribed speed into the joint, the method for low-temperature joining of metal materials characterized in that the peripheral velocity of the outermost periphery of the rotation tool is set to 51 mm/s or less, whereby the recrystallization temperature inherent to the metal materials is reduced by introducing a large strain to the joint, and recrystallized grains are generated at the joint interface by setting the joining temperature to less than the recrystallization temperature inherent to the metal materials.

Abstract: An inkjet printing method including: discharging an ink onto a print medium, where the ink contains a polymerizable group-containing dispersion and a polymerization initiator; after the discharging, irradiating the ink with active energy rays, where the ink is discharged on the print medium; and after the irradiating, drying the ink with heat, where the ink is irradiated with the active energy rays.

Abstract: A linear friction welding method capable of accurately controlling a welding temperature and capable of lowering the welding temperature is provided. The present invention is a linear friction welding method comprising: a first step of forming a welded interface by bringing one member into contact with the other member; a second step of repeatedly sliding one member and the other member on the same locus and discharging flash from the welded interface in a state where pressure is applied substantially perpendicularly to the welded interface; and a third step of forming a welded surface by stopping the sliding and setting the pressure to be not less than the yield stress and not more than the tensile strength of one member and/or the other member at a desired welding temperature.