Abstract: A base material of a ferrous material is heated to an AC1 point, which is a temperature to cause mustenite appearance, or higher, and austenite appears in the base material 1a and 1b (S101). An amount of a strain assuming that an Mf point, which is a temperature where the base material becomes martensite completely, is decreased to be less than room temperature is introduced into the base material (S102). The all ferrous material becoming martensite on the occasion of cooling the ferrous material to room temperature is prevented. The base material is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate where a line extrapolated a cooling curve of the base material intersects with a region where martensite is produced on the CCT diagram (S103). Austenite remains in the manufactured ferrous material at room temperature.

Abstract: The inkjet recording method includes ejecting an inkjet ink toward a recording medium to form an ink image on the recording medium. The inkjet ink includes a pigment, water, a surfactant, and a compound having a formula (1) CH3OCH2CH2CON(CH3)2, and optionally includes a compound having a formula (2) CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CON(CH3)2. The inkjet recording method satisfies a relation, 16?? cos ??26, wherein ? represents the surface tension of the inkjet ink in units of mN/m, and ? represents the angle of contact of the inkjet ink with the recording medium in units of degree measured 0.1 seconds after dropping an droplet of the inkjet ink with a volume of 2.5 ?l on the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming method applying a pretreatment liquid on the surface of a recording medium; and applying an inkjet ink including a colorant, a hydrosoluble organic solvent, a surfactant and water on the surface applied with the pretreatment liquid, wherein the hydrosoluble organic solvent includes at least one polyol including an equilibrium water content in an amount not less than 30% by weight at 23° C. and 80% RH; an amide compound having the following formula (I); and at least one of compounds having the following formulae (II) to (IV), and wherein a pure water transfers to the recording medium in an amount of from 1 to 15 mL/m2 when measured by a dynamic scanning liquid absorptometer at a contact time of 100 ms.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet includes water, and a mixture of hydrosoluble organic materials in an amount of from 40 to 70% by weight. The mixture of hydrosoluble organic materials includes N,N-dimethylacrylamide and/or N,N-diethylacrylamide, the total content of which is from 10 to 70% by weight based on total weight of the ink.

Abstract: There is provided a tool for friction stir welding having excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance. The tool for friction stir welding according to the present invention is a tool for friction stir welding used in friction stir welding processing, wherein the tool for friction stir welding includes a base material, the base material includes a first hard phase and a binder phase, and has a thermal conductivity of 45 W/m·K or less, the first hard phase is formed by WC particles, and the binder phase is formed by an iron group metal and is included in the base material at a volume ratio of 8% by volume or more and 28% by volume or less.

Abstract: An image forming method including applying a processing fluid for inkjet recording to both sides of a recording medium and, after applying the processing fluid, discharging ink onto at least one side of the recording medium to form an image thereon. The processing fluid for inkjet recording comprises water and a hydrosoluble organic solvent.

Abstract: An inkjet ink of the present invention including: water; an organic solvent; a surfactant; and a colorant, wherein the organic solvent comprises the following (1), (2) and (3): (1) at least one polyhydric alcohol having an equilibrium moisture content of 30% by mass or higher at a temperature of 23° C. and humidity of 80% RH; (2) an amide compound expressed by the Structural Formula (I); (3) a compound expressed by the Structural Formula (II); a compound expressed by the Structural Formula (III), or a compound represented by the General Formula (I), or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A copolymer contains repeating units represented by the following chemical formulae 1 and 2: In the chemical formulae 1 and 2, R represents a hydrogen atom or a cation; X represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; Y represents a single bond, an oxycarbonyl group [(X)—O—CO—(Z)], a carbonyloxy group [(X)—CO—O—(Z)], an ether group (—O—), or an imido group [(X)—N—CO—(—CO—)(Z)]; and Z represents a biphenyl group or a naphthyl group).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric thin film resonator which can reduce variations in resonant frequency and resonant resistance by uniformly planarizing a structural film. The method of manufacturing the piezoelectric thin film resonator includes the steps of forming sacrifice layer patterns on an upper surface of a mother substrate; forming a dielectric film on the sacrifice layer patterns; processing a surface of the dielectric film by a plasma treatment; forming vibration portions on the dielectric film, the vibration portions each being composed of two excitation electrodes and a piezoelectric thin film provided therebetween; etching the sacrifice layer patterns; and cutting the mother substrate into separate piezoelectric thin film resonators.

Abstract: A method for producing a piezoelectric thin-film resonator includes forming a sacrificial layer on a substrate, performing a plasma treatment on the sacrificial layer so that the surface roughness (Ra) of end surface portions of the sacrificial layer is about 5 nm or less, forming a strip-shaped dielectric film so as to be continuously disposed on the surface of the substrate and the end surface portions and the principal surface of the sacrificial layer, forming a piezoelectric thin-film area including a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a piezoelectric thin-film disposed therebetween so that a portion of the lower electrode and a portion of the upper electrode surface each other at an area on the dielectric film, the area being disposed on the upper portion of the sacrificial layer, and removing the sacrificial layer to form an air-gap between the substrate and the dielectric film.

Abstract: The inkjet recording method includes ejecting an inkjet ink toward a recording medium to form an ink image on the recording medium. The inkjet ink includes a pigment, water, a surfactant, and at least one of 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide and 3-n-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide. When Dp represents the diameter of a pigment portion in a dot image formed by dropping a droplet of the inkjet ink with a volume of 0.5 ?l on the recording medium, and Dv represent the diameter of a vehicle portion in the dot image, the ratio Dv/Dp is from 1.4 to 1.7.

Abstract: Inkjet recording treatment liquids include: at least one water-soluble organic solvent; water; at least one compound according to formula (I) wherein: each of R1 and R3 independently represents H, a lower alkoxy group, or a lower perfluoroalkoxy group; each of R2 and R4 independently represents a lower perfluoroalkyl group; each of p, q, and r is independently an integer of 1 to 24; m is an integer of 1 to 28; and n is an integer of 0 to 10; and at least one compound according to formula (II) wherein: each of R5, R6, and R7 independently represents a lower alkyl group, a lower perfluoroalkoxy group, or F; and M is Li, Na, or K. Methods of inkjet recording, inkjet recording apparatus, storage bags, and cartridges employing the inkjet recording treatment liquids are also provided.

Abstract: An inkjet ink is provided. The inkjet ink includes water; a water-soluble organic material in an amount of from 40 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the inkjet ink; and a colorant. The water-soluble organic material includes at least one of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, ?-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropionamide, and 2-pyrrolidone in an amount of from 5 to 35% by weight based on the total weight of the inkjet ink, and further includes a compound having the following formula (1) in an amount of from 10 to 40% by weight based on the total weight of the inkjet ink.

Abstract: An inkjet ink, which contains water, an organic solvent, a surfactant, and a colorant, wherein the organic solvent contains at least one polyhydric alcohol having an equilibrium moisture content of 30% by mass or higher at a temperature of 23° C.

Abstract: There is provided a tool for friction stir welding having excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance. The tool for friction stir welding according to the present invention is a tool for friction stir welding used in friction stir welding processing, wherein the tool for friction stir welding includes a base material, the base material includes a first hard phase and a binder phase, and has a thermal conductivity of 45 W/m·K or less, the first hard phase is formed by WC particles, and the binder phase is formed by an iron group metal and is included in the base material at a volume ratio of 8% by volume or more and 28% by volume or less.

Abstract: An inkjet recording method includes using ink for inkjet recording containing a hydrodispersible colorant, a surfactant, water, and an organic solvent containing a polyol, an amide compound represented by the following Formula I, and an oxetane compound represented by the following Formula II; using a recording medium having a particular transfer amount of highly deionized water as measured by an automatic scanning absorptometer; and forming an image on the recording medium with the ink, wherein the ink has a particular wettability, where ?? represents dynamic surface tension as measured by maximum bubble pressure technique and ? represents a contact angle, where R represents an alkyl group, where R3 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl group, and a phenyl group.

Abstract: To provide an inkjet treatment liquid, containing: a water-soluble coagulant; a water-soluble organic solvent; water; and an amide compound represented by the following general formula: where R is a C1-C6 alkyl group.

Abstract: There is provided a tool for friction stir welding, in which a coating layer is less likely to peel off from a base material and excellent wear resistance is achieved. The tool for friction stir welding according to the present invention includes a base material (BM) and a coating layer. The BM includes a first hard phase (FP) formed by WC particles, a second hard phase (SP) and a binder phase (BP). The SP is formed by a compound of one or more metals selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W and one or more elements selected from nitrogen, carbon, boron, and oxygen, and is included in the BM at a volume ratio of 3% to 30%. The BP is included in the BM at a volume ratio of 8% to 28%. The FP is higher than the SP in terms of volume ratio.

Abstract: There is provided a tool for friction stir welding having excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance. The tool for friction stir welding according to the present invention includes a base material, the base material includes a first hard phase, a second hard phase and a binder phase, the first hard phase is formed by WC particles, the second hard phase is formed by a compound of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, boron, and oxygen, or a solid solution of the compound (except for WC), the binder phase is formed by an iron group metal, and the second hard phase is higher than or identical to the first hard phase in terms of volume ratio.

Abstract: The inkjet recording method includes ejecting an inkjet ink toward a recording medium to form an ink image on the recording medium. The inkjet ink includes a pigment, water, a surfactant, and a compound having a formula (1) CH3OCH2CH2CON(CH3)2, and optionally includes a compound having a formula (2) CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CON(CH3)2. The inkjet recording method satisfies a relation, 16?? cos ??26, wherein ? represents the surface tension of the inkjet ink in units of mN/m, and ? represents the angle of contact of the inkjet ink with the recording medium in units of degree measured 0.1 seconds after dropping an droplet of the inkjet ink with a volume of 2.5 ?l on the recording medium.