Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a crosslinked resin surface layer, located overlying the photo sensitive layer, wherein the crosslinked resin surface layer includes a crosslinked body of trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, isocyanate including a radical polymerizable functional group and a heat or a light-curable charge transport material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoconductor having an extremely low increase in friction coefficient and wear, while also having superior cleanability even after long-term or large-volume printing, and to provide an electrophotographic apparatus for forming an image using a polymerization toner without providing a unit for externally supplying a lubricant to a photoconductor. Namely, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer and a crosslinked resin surface layer over a conductive substrate, wherein the crosslinked resin surface layer at least contains trimethylolpropane triacrylate, a dimethylpolysiloxane having a radically polymerizable functional group, and lubricating fine particles.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electrophotographic photoconductor which prevents an increase in the friction coefficient of the photoconductor surface caused when printing takes place for a long period of time or in large amounts, which has sustainability of the low photoconductor surface friction coefficient, low wear properties and high durability, and which is particularly superior in polymerized toner (or spherical toner) cleaning capability; a process cartridge incorporating the electrophotographic photoconductor; and an image forming apparatus incorporating the electrophotographic photoconductor.

Abstract: An image forming method, includes: forming a latent electrostatic image on a latent electrostatic image carrier; developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to thereby form a visible image; transferring the visible image to a recording medium; and fixing the image transferred to the recording medium. The latent electrostatic image carrier includes: a support, a photoconductive layer on the support, and a surface protective layer on the support. The surface protective layer includes a reactant made by cross-linking the following: an electric charge transporting material which comprises a reactive functional group, a cross-linking resin, and a fluorine surfactant. The toner comprises an inorganic fine particle which defines an effective inorganic fine particle amount in a range of 0.8% by mass to 3.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electrostatic substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electrostatic substrate, a surface layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, and the surface layer is a cross-linking resin layer in which particulates having a needle form are dispersed and which is formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable functional groups without a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer which is located overlying the electroconductive substrate and which is not radically crosslinked; and an outermost layer which is located overlying the photosensitive layer and which includes a radically crosslinked material, wherein the radically crosslinked material includes a unit having a specific formula. An image forming method, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge, which use the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An image forming method, includes: forming a latent electrostatic image on a latent electrostatic image carrier; developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to thereby form a visible image; transferring the visible image to a recording medium; and fixing the image transferred to the recording medium. The latent electrostatic image carrier includes: a support, a photoconductive layer on the support, and a surface protective layer on the support. The surface protective layer includes a reactant made by cross-linking the following: an electric charge transporting material which comprises a reactive functional group, a cross-linking resin, and a fluorine surfactant. The toner comprises an inorganic fine particle which defines an effective inorganic fine particle amount in a range of 0.8% by mass to 3.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer; and optionally a protective layer, wherein an outermost layer thereof includes a filler, an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mg KOH/g and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R1 (R3) and R2 (R4) independently represent a substituted or an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl group, and optionally share bond connectivity to form a heterocyclic group including a nitrogen atom; Ar1 (Ar3) and Ar2 (Ar4) independently represent a substituted or a unsubstituted aromatic ring group; k (K) and m (M) independently represent 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, wherein k (K) and m (M) are not 0 at the same time; and n (n?) represents an integer of from 1 to 3.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoconductor which contains at least a conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer comprising a charge generating material and charge transport material, and a surface layer disposed on the photoconductive layer, disposed in this order, wherein the surface layer is a cross-linked resin which contains at least trimethylolpropane triacrylate, a charge transport material having a heat-curable or radical-polymerizable functional group, a silicone compound having a radical-polymerizable functional group, a fluorinated surfactant having a radical-polymerizable functional group, and a silicone compound removing material having a radical-polymerizable functional group having a wettability of 55 mN/m or more to less than 65 mN/m with the silicone compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer arranged over the electroconductive layer with or without the interposition of an undercoat layer, and a surface top layer containing a crosslinkable resin arranged over the photoconductive layer, the photoconductive layer includes a charge generation layer containing a charge generating material, and a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material, in which the surface top layer is substantially free from hydroxyl groups and residual uncured portions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer overlying the photosensitive layer and serving as an outermost layer, wherein the protective layer has an average abraded thickness not greater than 1 ?m after the electrophotographic image forming apparatus produces 100,000 images; a charger charging the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an irradiator irradiating the electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image thereon; an image developer developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a transferer transferring the toner image onto a transfer sheet; and a cleaner cleaning a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the cleaner comprises a cleaning brush impregnated with a resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a photoconductive layer, a protective layer, and a conductive support, wherein the protective layer is disposed as the outermost layer of the photoconductive layer, and 20% by volume to 60% by volume of fine particles of fluorine-contained resin and at least one compound selected from amine aromatic compounds and hydroxy aromatic compounds are incorporated into the protective layer. According to the present invention, high durability may be achieved, image degradation such as lags may be controlled from the increase of residual potential and decrease of charging, and high quality images may be formed stably even after the prolonged and repeated usage. The present invention also relates to an electrophotographic process, an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus which utilize the electrophotographic photoconductor respectively.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, and optionally a protective layer overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor includes a filler, a binder resin and an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mgKOH/g. The photosensitive layer can be the outermost layer. A coating liquid for an outermost layer of a photoreceptor including a filler, a binder resin, an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mgKOH/g and plural organic solvents. A method for preparing a photoreceptor including forming a photosensitive layer, and coating the coating liquid on the photosensitive layer. An image forming method and apparatus and a process cartridge using the photoreceptor are also provided.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the substrate, and a protective layer overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the photoreceptor has a property such that when the photoreceptor is charged so as to have a potential of ?700 V and then exposed to light with exposure of 0.4 ?J/cm2, the potential (PL) of a lighted portion of the photoreceptor decreases at a rate not greater than 700 V/sec during a time period of from a time 35 msec after the exposure to the transition time of the photoreceptor. An image forming apparatus and a process cartridge including the photoreceptor are also provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and an outermost layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the outermost layer is formed by a reaction between a radical polymerizable compound having no charge transport structure including a compound having a specific formula, and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, while applying heat, light, or ionizing radiation to the reaction, and wherein at least one of the photosensitive layer and the outermost layer includes at least an arylmethane compound having an alkylamino group or a compound having a specific formula.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a particulate fluorine-containing resin, and wherein a primary particle of the particulate fluorine-containing resin and a secondary particle formed of agglomerated primary particles thereof, which are projected from a surface of the outermost layer and have an average particle diameter of from 0.15 to 3 ?m, are present in an area ratio not less than 10% based on total surface area of the outermost layer.

Abstract: An image bearing member including a substrate, a photosensitive layer, provided overlying the substrate and a cross linking charge transport layer provided overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the area of the photosensitive layer which is most distant from the substrate contains a charge transport material, a binder resin and a filler.

Abstract: An image bearing member is provided, including a substrate and a surface layer formed by optically curing at least a radical polymerizable compound with a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable monomer without a charge transport structure, wherein the transmission factor of the surface layer for light having a wavelength by 25 nm longer than an absorption end wavelength of photo-absorption spectrum of the surface layer prior to optical curing is not less than 65%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor having a surface with a frictional resistance ranging from 45 gram-force to 200 gram-force, a 10-point average roughness RzJIS ranging from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm or a maximum height Rz of 2.5 mm. Image formation is performed by the image forming apparatus to allow irregular-shaped toner or spherical toner to be cleaned off efficiently and any background stain on a copied sheet to be prevented. A lubricant is applied to the photoconductor so as to form a nonuniform film thereon, which prevents the frictional resistance from abnormally lowering, thus suppressing image degradation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoconductor which contains a substrate, at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer being formed on the substrate in this order; the surface layer contains a cured material which is cured by irradiating with light a trifunctional or more radical polymerizable monomer having no electric charge transportable structure, a radical polymerizable monomer having an electric charge transportable structure, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator; the photo-radical polymerization initiator contains a titanocene derivative; and the relation between the absorption edge wavelength HA (nm) in the light absorption spectrum of the radical polymerization initiator and the absorption edge wavelength HB (nm) in the light absorption spectrum of the radical polymerizable monomer having an electric charge transportable structure is represented by HA>HB and satisfies HA?HB>40 nm.