Abstract: The present invention provides scalable and rapid Ethernet fault detection which eliminates the requirement to contiguously send heartbeat frames at regular intervals to detect connectivity faults for each Ethernet Path. The present invention generates Continuity Check Message (CCM) frames only when a fault occurs, continues generating CCM frames while the fault remains, and discontinues when the fault clears. The present invention can be utilized with Ethernet Protection Switching to rapidly detect faults. Additionally, the present invention can be used in any Ethernet topology including point-to-point, rings, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods which create an infrastructure/transport Pseudowire (PW) a priori between two Provider Edge (PE) devices. Accordingly, other PWs can be mapped to this transport PW. In an exemplary application, the transport PW (which is a MS-PW by itself) can start and end between two Switching Provider Edge (S-PE) devices and span across multiple S-PEs in between. In another exemplary application, the transport PW terminates between two Terminating Provider Edge (T-PE) devices spanning across all S-PEs in between. In a further exemplary application, the transport PW can start at a S-PE or T-PE and terminate at a T-PE or S-PE, respectively. The placement of the endpoints of the transport PW (on two PEs) determines the number of intervening S-PEs that benefit from this application.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for accelerating Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route convergence in an autonomous system. A virtual link identifier is assigned to each link of a set of communication links that are established between a BGP host and one or more network elements in one or more networks. For a particular link of the set of communication links, one or more routes that are reachable on the link are determined. The BGP host stores an association of the one or more routes with a BGP identifier of the BGP host and the virtual link identifier that is assigned to the particular link. The BGP host advertises the one or more routes to a BGP peer in a message, where the message includes the BGP identifier and the virtual link identifier.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently enabling routing states to be recovered after a failover or during a software upgrade in a system which supports graceful restart and stateful switchover are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for restarting a network device which has a plurality of routers and is in communication with a first peer being arranged to support graceful restart and a second peer includes performing a graceful restart with respect to the first peer. A peer transparent failover is performed with respect to the second peer. The graceful restart and the peer transparent failover are performed in response to a failure associated with the network device.

Abstract: A method for border nodes using the Border Gateway Protocol to advertise path updates to peer nodes in other domains involves calculating the update interval for each advertisement of an update of the same path to the same peer and advertising the update when the interval has expired. The update interval is the sum of the standard update interval and the unexpired portions of update intervals applied to previous unadvertised updates.

Abstract: A PE device learns the address of a local CE device by monitoring the control messages, such as address resolution messages, originating from those local devices. In one embodiment, automated configuration of the PE devices participating in a Layer 2 VPN is facilitated by permitting a PE device to share the addresses for its locally-attached CE devices with the remote PE devices in the VPN. A PE device may share the addresses of the remote CE devices with the local CE devices by initiating its own control message or responding to an control message issued by one of its local CE devices. This latter mechanism in effect hides the distributed, heterogeneous nature of the network from a local CE device.

Abstract: Inventory control with inventory item attributes wherein the attributes describe an inventory item, the inventory item has an RFID identification tag having an RFID identification tag code, and the inventory item attributes include an RFID identification tag code field, a control value, an acceptable control value range, and an out of range action. Detecting changes in the inventory item attributes, including reading, through an RFID reader, the RFID identification code from the RFID tag associated with the inventory item, recording detected changes in inventory item attributes, comparing the control value and the acceptable control value range, and taking action in dependence upon the result of the comparing and the out of range action.

Abstract: Inventory control with inventory item attributes wherein the attributes describe an inventory item, the inventory item has an RFID identification tag having an RFID identification tag code, and the inventory item attributes include an RFID identification tag code field, a control value, an acceptable control value range, and an out of range action. Detecting changes in the inventory item attributes, including reading, through an RFID reader, the RFID identification code from the RFID tag associated with the inventory item, recording detected changes in inventory item attributes, comparing the control value and the acceptable control value range, and taking action in dependence upon the result of the comparing and the out of range action.

Abstract: A PE device learns the address of a local CE device by monitoring the control messages, such as address resolution messages, originating from those local devices. In one embodiment, automated configuration of the PE devices participating in a Layer 2 VPN is facilitated by permitting a PE device to share the addresses for its locally-attached CE devices with the remote PE devices in the VPN. A PE device may share the addresses of the remote CE devices with the local CE devices by initiating its own control message or responding to an control message issued by one of its local CE devices. This latter mechanism in effect hides the distributed, heterogeneous nature of the network from a local CE device.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for protecting glass. The methods include applying to at least one surface of the glass a coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises a base soluble polymer, a volatile base, a surfactant and water. Polymer beads may be included in the coating to prevent blocking of adjacent glass articles, typically glass sheets. Advantageously, the beads may also prevent abrasion of the glass sheets.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for protecting glass.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for accelerating Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route convergence in an autonomous system. A virtual link identifier is assigned to each link of a set of communication links that are established between a BGP host and one or more network elements in one or more networks. For a particular link of the set of communication links, one or more routes that are reachable on the link are determined. The BGP host stores an association of the one or more routes with a BGP identifier of the BGP host and the virtual link identifier that is assigned to the particular link. The BGP host advertises the one or more routes to a BGP peer in a message, where the message includes the BGP identifier and the virtual link identifier.

Abstract: A method for border nodes using the Border Gateway Protocol to advertise path updates to peer nodes in other domains involves calculating the update interval for each advertisement of an update of the same path to the same peer and advertising the update when the interval has expired. The update interval is the sum of the standard update interval and the expired portions of update intervals applied to previous unadvertised updates.

Abstract: An arrangement for scheduling scans of internal network nodes for reachability events by a border node of a network domain, schedules the scans according to the rate at which reachability notifications are received by the node. As the rate at which notifications are received increases, the interval between scans also increases. Conversely, as the rate of notifications decreases, the interval also decreases.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently enabling routing states to be recovered after a failover or during a software upgrade in a system which supports graceful restart and stateful switchover are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for restarting a network device which has a plurality of routers and is in communication with a first peer being arranged to support graceful restart and a second peer includes performing a graceful restart with respect to the first peer. A peer transparent failover is performed with respect to the second peer. The graceful restart and the peer transparent failover are performed in response to a failure associated with the network device.

Abstract: A method of detecting interactions among objects associated with RFID tags implemented in computer software operating in a services gateway, the services gateway including server software installed and operating upon a computer. The method includes reading, through an RFID reader, a first RFID identification code from a first RFID tag associated with a first object; reading a second RFID identification code from a second RFID tag associated with a second object; and inferring from an interactions database an interaction between the objects. The interactions database includes an interactions record representing the interaction between the objects, the interactions record comprising an interaction identification field having a value identifying the interaction between the objects and at least two RFID identification fields.

Abstract: A PE device learns the address of a local CE device by monitoring the control messages, such as address resolution messages, originating from those local devices. In one embodiment, automated configuration of the PE devices participating in a Layer 2 VPN is facilitated by permitting a PE device to share the addresses for its locally-attached CE devices with the remote PE devices in the VPN. A PE device may share the addresses of the remote CE devices with the local CE devices by initiating its own control message or responding to an control message issued by one of its local CE devices. This latter mechanism in effect hides the distributed, heterogeneous nature of the network from a local CE device.

Abstract: This patent pertains to the use of a noninhibited, stabilized starch in edible products, including powdered shortenings and non-dairy creamers, containing alkenyl succinated starches. The addition of such starches improves the overall flavor of such products, reducing or even eliminating the bitter notes commonly associated with the presence of alkenyl succinated starches in such products.

Abstract: Inventory control with inventory item attributes wherein the attributes describe an inventory item, the inventory item has an RFID identification tag having an RFID identification tag code, and the inventory item attributes include an RFID identification tag code field, a control value, an acceptable control value range, and an out of range action. Detecting changes in the inventory item attributes, including reading, through an RFID reader, the RFID identification code from the RFID tag associated with the inventory item, recording detected changes in inventory item attributes, comparing the control value and the acceptable control value range, and taking action in dependence upon the result of the comparing and the out of range action.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of using compressible polysaccharides having a tap density of less than 0.4 g/ml as a filler/binder for tablets prepared by direct compression, excipient blends including said polysaccharides, a method of tableting an active ingredient therein from the excipient blends and the tablets produced therefrom. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of low-density starches as binders for tablets prepared by direct compression, excipient blends, and methods of tableting an active ingredient therein from such starches. Further, this invention describes a starch-based excipient composition having a tap density of less than 0.4 g/ml, which has excellent moisture resistance.