Abstract: This invention provides a liquid-crystal display where both pixel electrode 14 and common electrode 3 for controlling a liquid-crystal layer 40 are disposed above a color filter 10 covered with a shield electrode 20.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle and easily manufactured. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display has a conductive protrusion disposed on the surface of the upper substrate opposing to the lower substrate. The conductive protrusion is disposed over a scanning electrode line or a signal electrode line and has the same potential as that of the upper electrode. As another structure, each of pixel electrodes on the lower substrate has a smaller area than that of a common electrode on the upper substrate and is covered by the common electrode, and each of the pixel electrodes comprises an electrode portion having approximately symmetrical shape.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a method of operating such liquid crystal display in which display operation is performed by changing a director of said liquid crystal molecules mainly in a plane parallel to first and second substrate forming a liquid crystal display panel. Liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display panel have a negative anisotropy of permittivity. The liquid crystal display comprises: a first common electrode disposed on the side of said first substrate; an insulating layer formed on the first common electrode; at least one pixel electrodes each of which is formed on the insulating layer and has a plurality of opening portions; a second common electrode disposed on the side of the second substrate.

Abstract: This invention provide a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal layer between two substrates each of which has an electrode, wherein the liquid crystal layer concomitantly has at least two micro-regions, and the electrode on one of the substrates has an opening, in the region of which there is provided a second electrode for controlling the initial orientation of the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display has improved properties such as high contrast, quick response and excellent properties for an angle of visibility and can be manufactured without troublesome steps such as a photoresist step.

Abstract: A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two substrates of glass or the like and a gate terminal, a gate wiring, a control electrode and a drain terminal are arranged on the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device further has a control electrode terminal of the control electrode which is in an independent condition without crossing the gate wiring. A terminal part including this control electrode terminal and the gate terminal as well as the drain terminal is arranged on the outer side of the substrate panel. According to this construction, an arbitrary voltage can be applied to the control electrode so that the diagonal electrical field, which is necessary for the orientation division, can be set optimum in the intensity. Thereby the orientation division can be carried out properly.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device a liquid crystal display having a high contrast over wide viewing angles while reducing the color distortion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes on a surface facing the second substrate, a plurality of gate bus lines extending into a row direction, a plurality of drain bus lines extending into a column direction, and a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising first and second substrates having first and second principal surfaces which are opposed to each other with a space left therebetween, first and second alignment layers are formed on the first and the second principal surfaces of the first and the second substrates. The first alignment layer is subjected to a first aligning treatment in a first aligning treatment direction while a second alignment layer is subjected to a second aligning treatment in a second aligning treatment direction which shifts from the first aligning treatment direction by a predetermined slight angle. Interposed between the first and the second alignment layers, a liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of liquid crystal molecules each of which is twist aligned by a twist angle equal to the predetermined slight angle.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising first and second substrates having first and second principal surfaces which are opposed to each other with a space left therebetween, first and second alignment layers are formed on the first and the second principal surfaces of the first and the second substrates. The first alignment layer is subjected to a first aligning treatment in a first aligning treatment direction while a second alignment layer is subjected to a second aligning treatment in a second aligning treatment direction which shifts from the first aligning treatment direction by a predetermined slight angle. Interposed between the first and the second alignment layers, a liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of liquid crystal molecules each of which is twist aligned by a twist angle equal to the predetermined slight angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device can suppress pixel-based gradation fluctuations observed upon change in angle of view with increased size as it meets wide angle of view characteristics required of a large-sized liquid crystal display device. A device in which a liquid crystal material is sealed between a pair of substrates 31, 32, a plurality of pixel electrodes 38 for applying voltage across the liquid crystal material is arranged on the substrate 31, a common electrode 12 for applying a voltage common to the pixel electrodes 38 is arranged on the substrate 32, and in which a gate line 22 and a drain line 23 of a switching element adapted to control the voltage applied across the pixel electrodes 38 are provided for extending substantially at right angles to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel comprises a TFT substrate unit having a thin film transistor (TFT), a control electrode connected to the TFT, a flattening film covers the control electrode, and a pixel electrode having a cross slit and formed on the flattening film and insulated from the control electrode. An opposite substrate unit has an opposite electrode facing the pixel electrode at predetermined space. A liquid crystal layer disposed between the TFT substrate unit and the opposite substrate and includes liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric aeolotropy. When voltage is supplied between the control electrode and the opposite electrode, an electric field is generated between them. The electric field divides the liquid crystal layer into four domains in each pixel according to the cross slit formed in the pixel electrode.

Abstract: In an orientation division type liquid crystal display device for widen a viewing angle of a display pixel of an active matrix type liquid crystal color display device having a COT structure, pixel color layers (6B, 6R, 6G) as color filters and pixel electrodes 3 are formed on a substrate on the side of the pixel electrodes and slopes 13 are provided along four side peripheries of each pixel electrode. Liquid crystal molecules 8 between each pixel electrode of the pixel electrode substrate and a common electrode of an opposing substrate are controlled in orientation direction along the slopes to divide it to a plurality of directions to thereby widen a viewing angle of a pixel display.

Abstract: This invention provide a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal layer between two substrates each of which has an electrode, wherein the liquid crystal layer concomitantly has at least two micro-regions, and the electrode on one of the substrates has an opening, in the region of which there is provided a second electrode for controlling the initial orientation of the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display has improved properties such as high contrast, quick response and excellent properties for an angle of visibility and can be manufactured without troublesome steps such as a photoresist step.

Abstract: A VA (Vertical Aligned) type active-matrix liquid crystal display capable of stabilizing a boundary position between divided areas (alignment areas). The liquid crystal display comprises a TFT (thin film transistor) substrate including a pixel electrode provided for each pixel and a driving element such as a TFT provided for each pixel electrode, an opposite substrate disposed opposite to the TFT substrate and including an opposite electrode, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the opposite substrate. Each pixel electrode has a recess in groove shape formed therein. The pixel electrode preferably has a generally rectangular shape. The recess is provided such that it extends from one of a pair of opposite sides of the pixel electrode to the other to divide the pixel electrode into two parts.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display apparatus with a wide seeing angle. The liquid crystal display apparatus of the present invention comprises a substrate with pixel electrodes, another substrate with a common electrode, and liquid crystal molecules between the substrates. Apertures are formed to divide each of the pixel electrodes into pieces for generating oblique electric fields to divide an orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. The divided pieces of the pixel electrodes are connected electrically through insulating layers at an electrode wiring portion. The control electrode for each of said pixel electrodes for controlling the orientation is placed between a boundary of the insulating layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active matrix liquid-crystal display, which has: two transparent insulative substrates, either one of which having a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of signal lines formed in the direction of intersecting with the plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of switching elements disposed on the intersection points of the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of signal lines, and pixel electrodes connected to the plurality of switching elements; a liquid crystal sandwiched between the two transparent insulative substrates; polarizing plates disposed outside the two transparent insulative substrates; and linear opposing electrodes formed, through insulating film, under the pixel electrodes with a width greater than that of the pixel electrode; wherein the liquid crystal has positive permittivity anisotropy and is oriented nearly perpendicularly to the transparent insulative substrates, the pixel electrode is composed of single or a plurality of linear electrodes, and the direction

Abstract: The present invention provides a basic protein and a basic peptide composition which can be administered orally and has the ability to stimulate osteoblast proliferation, strengthen bone and inhibit bone resorption. Said basic protein has the following properties: (1) a molecular weight distribution of is 2,000-24,000; (2) an isoelectric point distribution of is 7.5-11; and (3) it is comprised of more than 10% of basic amino acids. Said composition can be obtained by the following steps: After milk, or raw material derived from milk, is loaded onto a cation exchange resin column, a fraction is obtained by eluting with an eluent of 0.1-1.0M salt concentration, precipitate removed by (i) heating to over 75.degree. C., (ii) by adding alcohol so that the final concentration thereof is 10-50% or (iii) by adding salts so that the final concentration thereof will be more than 0.2M; and the supernatant thereof containing the basic protein fraction recovered.

Abstract: An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) of the present invention includes a pair of substrates facing each other and at least one of which is transparent. A liquid crystal composition intervenes between the substrates. Scanning wirings and signal wirings are arranged on one substrate in a matrix configuration. Pixel electrodes each constitutes one pixel. Switching devices each is positioned at a portion where one of the scanning wirings and one of the signal wirings intersect each other, for controlling the application of a voltage to the associated pixel electrode. Common electrodes are formed on the other substrate. The liquid crystal composition has positive dielectric constant anisotropy and is oriented vertically to the facing surfaces of the substrates when a voltage is not applied. The common electrodes are parallel to the pixel electrodes and positioned at both sides of said pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A bone reinforcing agent comprising a basic protein fraction or a basic peptide fraction derived from milk as an effective component is described. The basic protein fraction is obtained by passing milk or a raw material derived from milk over a cation exchange resin and eluting the adhered fraction. The basic peptide fraction is obtained by hydrolyzing the basic protein fraction with a protease. The basic protein fraction and basic peptide fraction of the present invention promote the growth of osteoclasts and suppress the resorption of osteoclasts, and thereby strengthening bone when administered orally. The invention is useful for treating or preventing bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

Abstract: Foods and beverages having decreased digestive and absorptive properties characterized in containing 40 weight % or more all saturated acyl chain triglyceride contains only stearic acid and/or palmitic acid as the oil component. The all saturated acyl chain triglyceride made only of stearic acid and/or palmitic acid contained in the foods and beverages is not digested and absorbed in the bodies, so that calories may be decreased substantially.