Abstract: A method of operating an electrochemical device includes the steps of: applying a first adsorption voltage to a function electrode while supplying a predetermined gas to the function electrode; and switching the first adsorption voltage to a second adsorption voltage higher than the first adsorption voltage while maintaining the supply of the predetermined gas to the function electrode.

Abstract: A method of regenerating an acid gas adsorption device includes the steps of: causing an acid gas to be adsorbed to an acid gas adsorption material by supplying a gas including the acid gas to an acid gas adsorption device so that the gas is brought into contact with an acid gas adsorption layer; causing the acid gas to be desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material; removing the acid gas adsorption layer of the acid gas adsorption device, which has been subjected to the step of causing the acid gas to be adsorbed and the step of causing the acid gas to be desorbed, from a surface of a base material; and forming an acid gas adsorption layer including a porous carrier and an acid gas adsorption material on the surface of the base material from which the acid gas adsorption layer has been removed.

Abstract: A liquid fuel synthesis system includes a liquid fuel synthesis portion and a sweep gas supply unit. The liquid fuel synthesis portion is partitioned into a non-permeation side space and a permeation side space by the separation membrane. A temperature of the sweep gas flowing into the permeation side space is higher than at least one of a temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the non-permeation side space and a temperature of a first outflow gas flowing out of the non-permeation side space. A temperature of a second outflow gas flowing out of the permeation side space is higher than at least one of the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the non-permeation side space and the temperature of the first outflow gas flowing out of the non-permeation side space.

Abstract: A reactor includes a second flow path on a permeation side of a separate membrane. The second flow path includes an inflow port open to a first space between a first seal portion and a flow stop unit, and an outflow port open to a second space between a second seal portion and a flow stop unit. A housing includes a sweep gas supply port for supplying a sweep gas to the first space and a sweep gas exhaust port for discharging the sweep gas from the second space. In a side view of the reactor, a direction in which the sweep gas flows through the second space is opposite to a direction in which the sweep gas flows through the second flow path.

Abstract: A reactor includes a second flow path on a permeation side of a separation membrane. The second flow path includes an inflow port open to a first space between a first seal portion and a flow rate adjustment unit, and an outflow port open to a second space between a second seal portion and a flow rate adjustment unit. A housing includes a sweep gas supply port for supplying a sweep gas to the first space and a sweep gas exhaust port for discharging the sweep gas from the second space. In a side view of the reactor, a direction in which the sweep gas flows from the first space to the second space via the flow rate adjustment unit is the same as a direction in which the sweep gas flows through the second flow path.

Abstract: A methane production system includes a co-electrolysis device and a reforming device connected to the co-electrolysis device. The co-electrolysis device has a co-electrolysis cell including a first electrode at which H2, CO, and O2? are produced from CO2 and H2O, an electrolyte capable of transferring O2?, and a second electrode at which O2 is produced from the O2? transferred from the first electrode through the electrolyte. The reforming device has a reforming cell that produces CH4 from the H2 and CO produced at the first electrode.

Abstract: A reactor includes a separation membrane permeable to a product of a conversion reaction of a raw material gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon oxide to a liquid fuel, a non-permeation side flow path extending in an approximately vertical direction on a non-permeation side of the separation membrane, the raw material gas flowing through the non-permeation side flow path, and a catalyst configured to fill the non-permeation side flow path and promote the conversion reaction. The catalyst includes a first layer and a second layer disposed upward of the first layer, and a mean equivalent circle diameter of catalyst particles included in the first layer is larger than a mean equivalent circle diameter of catalyst particles included in the second layer.

Abstract: A monolith-type reactor includes a separation membrane, a first flow path, a second flow path, and a catalyst. The separation membrane is permeable to a product of conversion reaction of a raw material gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a liquid fuel. The raw material gas flows through the first flow path. A sweep gas for sweeping the product that has permeated through the separation membrane flows through the second flow path. The catalyst is disposed in the first flow path and configured to promote the conversion reaction of the raw material gas to the liquid fuel. In a side view of the separation membrane, a direction in which the sweep gas flows through the second flow path is opposite to the direction in which the raw material gas flows through the first flow path.

Abstract: A liquid fuel synthesis system includes a liquid fuel synthesis unit and a sweep gas supply unit. The liquid fuel synthesis unit is permeable to a product of a conversion reaction of a raw material gas containing at least hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a liquid fuel. The sweep gas supply unit for supplying a sweep gas for sweeping the product has permeating through the separation membrane to the liquid fuel synthesis unit. The sweep gas contains hydrogen or carbon dioxide as a main component.

Abstract: A methane production system includes a co-electrolysis/reforming cell and a control unit that controls operating temperatures of the co-electrolysis/reforming cell. The co-electrolysis/reforming cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The co-electrolysis/reforming cell operates in either a co-electrolysis mode in which H2 and CO are produced at the first electrode from CO2 and H2O, or a reforming mode in which CH4 is produced at the first electrode from the H2 and CO produced in the co-electrolysis mode. The control unit makes an operating temperature of the co-electrolysis/reforming cell in the reforming mode lower than an operating temperature of the co-electrolysis/reforming cell in the co-electrolysis mode.

Abstract: A manifold includes a first manifold main body and a second manifold main body. The first manifold main body includes a first gas chamber configured to communicate with a first gas channel. The second manifold main body includes a second gas chamber configured to communicate with a second gas channel. The second manifold main body is disposed in the first manifold main body.

Abstract: A membrane reactor includes a catalyst layer, a separation membrane, and a buffer layer. The catalyst layer contains a catalyst for promoting a conversion reaction from a feed gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxide to a liquid fuel. The separation membrane is permeable to water vapor which is a byproduct of the conversion reaction. The buffer layer is disposed between the separation membrane and the catalyst layer, and permeable to the water vapor toward the separation membrane.

Abstract: A liquid fuel synthesis system includes a liquid fuel synthesis portion and a sweep gas supply unit. The liquid fuel synthesis portion is partitioned into a non-permeation side space and a permeation side space by the separation membrane. A temperature of the sweep gas flowing into the permeation side space is higher than at least one of a temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the non-permeation side space and a temperature of a first outflow gas flowing out of the non-permeation side space. A temperature of a second outflow gas flowing out of the permeation side space is higher than at least one of the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the non-permeation side space and the temperature of the first outflow gas flowing out of the non-permeation side space.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a porous support substrate and a power generation element portion. The support substrate includes at least one first gas channel and at least one second gas channel. The first gas channel extends from a first end portion toward a second end portion and is connected to a gas supply chamber. The second gas channel is connected to the first gas channel on the second end portion side. The second gas channel extends from the second end portion toward the first end portion and is connected to a gas collection chamber. A ratio (p0/L) of a pitch p0 of a first gas channel and a second gas channel that are adjacent to each other to a distance L between the power generation element portion and a first end surface of the support substrate located on the first end portion side is 3.3 or less.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a support substrate, at least one power generation element portion, at least one first gas channel, and at least one second gas channel. The power generation element portion is disposed on the support substrate. The first and second gas channels extend from a proximal end portion toward a distal end portion in the support substrate and are connected to each other at the distal end portion. The sum of a cross-sectional area of the at least one first gas channel is smaller than the sum of a cross-sectional area of the at least one second gas channel.

Abstract: A cell stack device includes a manifold and a fuel cell. The manifold includes a gas supply chamber and a gas collection chamber. The fuel cell includes a support substrate and a power generation element portion. The support substrate includes first and second gas channels. The first gas channel is connected to the gas supply chamber, and the second gas channel is connected to the gas collection chamber. The first gas channel is open in the gas supply chamber at a proximal end portion. The second gas channel is open in the gas collection chamber at a proximal end portion. The first and second gas channels are connected to each other on the distal end portion side. The first and second gas channels are configured such that a pressure loss of gas in the first gas channel is smaller than a pressure loss of gas in the second gas channel.

Abstract: A cell stack device includes a plurality of electrochemical cells, a manifold, a gas supply portion, and a gas collection portion. The manifold includes a gas supply chamber and a gas collection chamber that extend in a direction in which the electrochemical cells are arranged. A support substrate of an electrochemical cell includes a first gas channel and a second gas channel. The first gas channel is connected to the gas supply chamber, and the second gas channel is connected to the gas collection chamber.

Abstract: A manifold includes first and second manifold main bodies. The first manifold main body includes a gas supply chamber that is connected to a first gas channel and the second manifold main body includes a gas collection chamber that is connected to a second gas channel. The first manifold main body includes a top plate, a first bottom plate, and a first side plate. The top plate includes a first through hole for connecting the first gas channel and the gas supply chamber. The second manifold main body includes the top plate, a second bottom plate, and a second side plate. The top plate also includes a second through hole for connecting the second gas channel and the gas collection chamber. The first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are constituted by members that are separate from each other.

Abstract: A solid alkaline fuel cell has a cathode that is supplied with an oxidant which contains oxygen, an anode that is supplied with a fuel which contains hydrogen atoms, and an inorganic solid electrolyte that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and that exhibits a hydroxide ion conductivity. The inorganic solid electrolyte enables the permeation of water of greater than or equal to 80 ?g/min·cm2 and less than or equal to 5400 ?g/min·cm2 per unit surface area of a cathode-side surface.

Abstract: A manifold includes a first manifold main body and a second manifold main body. The first manifold main body includes a first gas chamber configured to communicate with a first gas channel. The second manifold main body includes a second gas chamber configured to communicate with a second gas channel. The second manifold main body is disposed in the first manifold main body.