Abstract: An active matrix substrate for the liquid crystal display has a switching circuit for switching on each of picture elements which includes a corresponding gate bus line, source bus line and a switching transistor. Further, the switching circuit includes at least one redundant structure to avoid inoperativeness of the switching circuit.

Abstract: In an oscillator of the invention, the shape and position of each chip and wiring between the chips are optimally designed. Since a SAW element and an IC which have satisfactory reliability are arranged in the same package, the oscillator is not greatly influenced by external electromagnetic induction, is not unstably oscillated, and has satisfactory reliability.

Abstract: An active liquid crystal matrix display panel has a plurality of display-driving circuit elements arranged in a matrix on one of the cell substrates, the circuit elements being interconnected by bus-bars. The circuit elements are produced by a group exposure method. The bus-bars are formed wider at the group exposure boundaries so as to ensure continuity of the bus-bars.

Abstract: An antilock control device has a calculating unit for calculating the vehicle speed from the wheel speed signals from wheel speed sensors, a processing/lock state detecting unit adapted to judge whether the wheels are showing a locking tendency or recovering from locked state on the basis of the signals from the wheel speed sensors and the calculating unit and produce a command to reduce or increase the braking pressure on the basis of the result of judgement, and a brake fluid pressure circuit operable in response to the pressure control command from the lock state detecting unit.

Abstract: A wheel speed comparator is provided in an antilock brake control assembly for a four-wheel drive automobile. The wheel speed comparator calculates the difference between the average wheel speed of the front wheels and that of the rear wheels. If the difference is larger than a predetermined value, then it is determined which average wheel speed is larger. If that of the front wheels is larger, the comparator provides a pressure reduction command to both rear wheels. If the command persists for over a predetermined period of time, then a pressure reduction command is given to one of the front wheels rotating at a slower speed than the other. If the average wheel speed of the rear wheels is larger, the speeds of the front wheels are compared with each other and a pressure reduction command is given to one of the front wheels having a smaller wheel speed than the other. If the command persists for over a predetermined period of time, then a pressure reduction command is given to both rear wheels.

Abstract: Color separation image signals (Y, M, C, K) are converted into halftone dot image signals (Y.sub.d, M.sub.d, C.sub.d, K.sub.d) by a halftone block circuit (29). Red, green, blue and white beams are obtained from red, green and blue light sources (31R, 31G, 31B) or from a single white light source. These beams are modulated by acousto-optical modulators (32R, 32G, 32B, 35) responsive to the halftone dot image signals (Y.sub.d, M.sub.d, C.sub.d, K.sub.d) and thereafter converged onto a color photosensitive material (23), to produce a halftone dot color image on the color photosensitive material (23).

Abstract: A thin film transistor array in which a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in the shape of an array on a substrate each transistor includes a gate electrode, a first insulating layer, a semiconducting layer, a second insulating layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode stacked sequentially one on another such that the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are interposed at an overlap portion between a gate bus bar for connecting the gate electrodes in common and a source bus bar for connecting the source electrodes in common.

Abstract: A thin film transistor which includes an insulative substrate, and a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, a semi-conductor film, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, which are all laminated in that order onto the insulating substrate in the form of an array. The gate electrode is made of tantalum, and the gate insulating film is formed into a double-layered construction of an anodized tantalum film and a silicon nitride film, while the semi-conductor film is provided at each intersection between the gate electrode and the source electrode.

Abstract: A thin film transistor which includes an insulative substrate, and a gate electrode, a gate isulating film, a semi-conductor film, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, which are all laminated in that order onto the insulating substrate in the form of an array. The gate electrode is made of tantalum, and the gate insulating film is formed into a double-layered construction of an anodized tantalum film and a silicon nitride film, while the semi-conductor film is provided at each intersection between the gate electrode and the source electrode.This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 057,743 filed on June 3, 1987, abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 797,660 filed on Nov. 13, 1985, now abandoned.

Abstract: A liquid crystal color display device has a substrate made of electrically non-conductive material, and a plurality of spot electrodes aligned in rows. The spot electrodes in each row are aligned with a predetermined pitch so as to provide a first predetermined space between two adajcent spot electrodes. The rows extend in a first direction parallel to each other with a second predetermined space between two adjacent rows. The spot electrodes in one row and the spot electrodes in the next row are off set by half pitch. A plurality of scan electrodes are each extending in the second predetermined space. Also, a plurality of signal electrodes are provided each defined by a first portion extending in the first predetermined space and a second portion extending in the second predetermined space with the first and second portions occurring alternately. Furthermore, a plurality of thin film transistors are provided each defined in association with the second portion.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes: a gate electrode formed on an insulating substrate; a first insulating film for covering the gate electrode; a first conducting semiconductor film formed on the first insulating film; a second insulating film for covering the entire top surface of the semiconductor film; a pair of second conducting semiconductor layers formed, spaced from each other, in contact with the side surfaces of the semiconductor film; and first and second electrodes formed in contact with the pair of second conducting semiconductor layers, respectively. Current flows only on the sides of the semiconductor film and through the second conducting semiconductor layers.

Abstract: A device for automatically speed-change-controlling an infinitely variable transmission of a running vehicle according to the running mode of the vehicle selected by the driver is disclosed. The infinitely variable transmission includes a transmission device for transmitting rotation from the input side to the output side and a speed changing device controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. The device is provided with a hydraulic pressure source, a hydraulic circuit connected to the hydraulic pressure source and communicating with the hydraulic cylinder, a high-speed solenoid valve incorporated in the hydraulic circuit, and an electronic control device for calculating a predetermined gear ratio conforming to the running mode and digitally controlling the operation of the high-speed solenoid valve.

Abstract: A pattern shaped and sized to fit adjacent the inner cylindrical surface of a transparent scanner drum, of a drum-type image scanning system is oriented to display at least one line parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum. The pattern preferably has other lines oriented to other predetermined directions. The pattern is held in place inside the drum by a coaxial lighted cylindrical pattern holder rotatable with the drum. The user aligns the original with reference to the lighted pattern for affixation as desired on the drum surface for scanning of the original image therefrom.

Abstract: An automatic clutch unit having a pneumatically operated servo-cylinder for operating a clutch and simultaneously incorporating one newly-developed proportional electro-pneumatic control valve, which supplies an air quantity corresponding to an intensity of electric current, to have the clutch shift in compliance with a delicate clutch displacement pattern according to each driving condition; perceiving that vacuum can easily be extracted from an intake manifold in case of a vehicle powered by a petrol engine and that a compressor for braking operation is always equipped in case of a vehicle powered by a large diesel engine.