Abstract: Apparatus and method for controlling equipment of driving a ram of a hydraulic press. Four proportional sheet valves PA, PB, TA and TB are connected with a hydraulic circuit, in which a hydraulic cylinder 2 for driving a ram 1, a hydraulic pump 3 and so on are set up, a so as to form a full-bridge hydraulic circuit. A compression proportional sheet valve PAp and a hydraulic pump 40 are connected as a hydraulic power source with high pressure and small flow rate parallel with the sheet valve PA being in the oil supply position side in the hydraulic circuit. An NC controller controls timing of turn-on of the proportional sheet valves PA, PB, TA and TB as well as change of the valves PA and Pap by PWM signal to pilot valves of the sheet valves PA, PB, TA and TB. The valves PA and TB are turned on in the down stroke of the ram 1, the valves PB and TA are turned on in the up stroke of the ram 1, and the valve Pap is turned on in the compression stroke.

Abstract: In a sensor malfunction detecting system, if an absolute value of a difference between acceleration values obtained from outputs of at least two of a pressure sensor a torque sensor, and a speed sensor, and an acceleration sensor is determined to be out of a range of a corresponding prescribed value then a corresponding count value is incremented by "1". The above described operation is repeated until the count value exceeds a prescribed target value whereupon it is determined that one of the sensors is malfunctioning, and a sensor malfunction signal is output. Accordingly, failure of a vehicle control system which controls braking force, for example, based on the output from the sensors can be prevented, which leads to improved safety during driving. Further, a sensor malfunction detecting system can be provided at a low cost.

Abstract: On a metallic wiring substrate, a first metallic layer is connected to a second metallic layer at a non-anodic-oxide section of the first metallic layer exposed at a bottom of a contact hole. The surface of the first metallic layer is anodically oxidized except for the non-anodic-oxide section. After resist is patterned so as to be entirely positioned on the surface of the first metallic layer, the first metallic layer is anodically oxidized, and the resist is removed therefrom. In such a manner, the non-anodic oxide section and the anodic oxide section are formed. This method makes it possible to produce the metallic wiring substrate having good insulation properties between layers easier than a method for forming the non-anodic-oxide section by etching the anodic oxide section.

Abstract: A deceleration control device for a vehicle receives signals from an acceleration sensor, a speed sensor, and a brake fluid pressure sensor to calculate a brake fluid pressure control value to output a control signal to a brake pressure fluid control device. The deceleration control device may include a first arithmetic unit for calculating an actual deceleration of the vehicle, a second arithmetic unit for calculating a speed of the vehicle, a third arithmetic unit for calculating a target deceleration, and a fourth arithmetic unit for calculating the brake fluid pressure control command value. The first arithmetic unit may be coupled to the acceleration sensor signal and the speed sensor signal, the second arithmetic unit may be coupled to either the speed sensor signal or output of the first arithmetic unit, and the third arithmetic unit may be coupled to receive signals indicative of a stepping force of a brake pedal or a distance between the vehicle and an obstacle.

Abstract: In an active matrix type liquid-crystal display device, in a peripheral circuit portion, there is arranged a TFT having a high mobility and capable of allowing a large amount of on-state current to flow. In a pixel portion, there is arranged a TFT having a small off-state current. These TFTs having different characteristics are constituted by using crystalline silicon film whose crystal has grown in a direction parallel with a substrate. That is, an angle formed between a crystal growing direction and a carrier moving direction are made different from each other, thereby to control a resistance imposed on the carriers when moving to determine the characteristics of the TFT. For example, when the crystal growing direction coincides with the carrier moving direction, high mobility can be given to the carriers. Further, when the crystal growing direction is arranged perpendicular to the carrier moving direction, the off-state current can be lowered.

Abstract: In a vacuum chuck apparatus for chucking an article, a plurality of movable suction cups are mounted on a support member to be movable up and down relative to the support member between an operative position where each of the movable suction cups can attract the article by suction and a retracted position above the operative position. A plurality of air cylinders move the respective suction cups independently from each other between the operative position and the retracted position. An article size designating circuit outputs a size signal representing the size of the article to be chucked, and a controller controls the air cylinders according to the size signal so that a part of the movable suction cups which are not necessary for chucking the article of the size represented by the size signal are held in the retracted position and the other suction cups are held in the operative position.

Abstract: A vehicle braking force controller for controlling braking force of a vehicle by changing brake fluid pressure effected by a fluid pressure controller has a deceleration detector and a computer. The computer calculates a vehicle deceleration, a target deceleration of the vehicle, and a pressure adjustment speed at which the brake fluid pressure increases or decreases using the target deceleration and the vehicle deceleration. The pressure adjustment speed calculator calculates the brake fluid pressure adjustment speed using a brake fluid pressure adjustment volume which is proportional to a difference between the detected vehicle deceleration and the calculated target deceleration, and a target tracking time representing a time required to adjust the brake fluid pressure with the pressure adjustment volume. The computer controls the brake fluid pressure according to the pressure adjustment speed.

Abstract: The acceleration applied to a selected device such as a magnetic disc drive system can be detected by the use of an acceleration detector having at least one piezoelectric acceleration sensor unit. The sensor unit includes a piezoelectric element, a supporting member for the piezoelectric element and two electrical leads. The piezoelectric element is formed with a pair of elongate sheets made of a piezoelectric ceramic and an intermediate insulation layer interposed between the elongate sheets to generate a voltage difference instantaneously therebetween in response to the acceleration of the acceleration detector. The support member is made of an electrically insulating resin, and has a concave which is formed with side and bottom walls and a top opening. The side wall is provided with a slit in which the piezoelectric element is tightly caught in such a manner as to divide the concave into two open-chambers and be supported by the support member in a cantilever fashion.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system of the invention comprises a plurality of flow rate sensors (10A, 10B) for detecting respective flow rates supplied to a plurality of hydraulic actuators (3A, 3B), valve controllers (11A, 11B) for respectively controlling a plurality of flow control valves (40A, 40B) such that the flow rates detected by the plurality of flow rate sensors are coincident with the flow rates instructed by a plurality of control levers (5A, 5B), and a pump tilting controller (12; 12A-12F) for controlling a delivery rate of a hydraulic pump (1) such that the delivery rate of the hydraulic pump is smaller by a predetermined flow rate (.DELTA.Q.sub.ref ; X.sub.ref) than the total of the flow rates instructed by the plurality of control levers. The pump tilting controller controls the delivery rate of the hydraulic pump (1) by using flow rate deviations (.DELTA.Q.sub.1, .DELTA.Q.sub.

Abstract: A gravitational accelerometer for use in an automotive vehicle includes a plurality of wheel speed sensors for outputting a wheel speed by measuring a rotational speed of at least one of vehicle wheels, an acceleration sensor for detecting and outputting an acceleration Am applied to the automotive vehicle, an estimated vehicle acceleration computing unit for computing and outputting an estimated vehicle acceleration Aw estimated from the wheel speed, and a correction quantity computing unit for computing variable correction quantity Ao for each calculation cycle. A horizontal road surface detection unit is provided to detect a generally horizontal road surface. A horizontal correction quantity storage stores and outputs a horizontal correction quantity AoH, which is a correction quantity with respect to the generally horizontal road surface, in response to an output from the horizontal road surface detection unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting failures of a longitudinal acceleration sensor for detecting a longitudinal acceleration of a motor vehicle, comprising: a wheel speed calculating device for calculating wheel speeds on the basis of outputs of wheel speed sensors; an estimated vehicle body acceleration calculating device for calculating an estimated vehicle body acceleration on the basis of the wheel speeds; a comparative arithmetic device which calculates a ratio of a vehicle body acceleration calculated from an output of the longitudinal acceleration sensor to the estimated vehicle body acceleration and calculates a first integrating value by performing a subtraction and an addition for the first integrating value when the ratio falls within and out of a predetermined range, respectively; and a fail-safe device for performing a predetermined fail-safe processing if the first integrating value is larger than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for producing an active matrix substrate using a thin film transistor having a gate electrode on an insulating substrate covered with a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, a channel protective layer on the semiconductor layer, a drain electrode having a portion overlying the gate electrode with the interposition of the gate insulating layer, the semiconductor layer and the channel protective layer, and a source electrode having a portion overlying the gate electrode with the interposition of the gate insulating layer, the method enhancing the transistor characteristics of the active matrix substrate with minimum leakage and the removal of an off-current generated from the presence of electrons and holes.

Abstract: A parasitic capacitance is not caused between a shielding film and a gate line and between a pixel electrode and the gate line in a liquid crystal display of the present invention because the shielding film and the pixel electrode do not overlap the gate lines. The display characteristics are thus improved. Furthermore, since the counter shielding film is formed so as to cover a smaller gap of one between the shielding film and the gate line and one between the gate line and pixel electrode, light leak through the gap can be blocked. The shielding film can be small because it only covers the gap, thereby preventing a degradation of an aperture ratio. Moreover, a degradation of yield caused by increasing a number of production steps is also prevented because the production steps are not complicated.

Abstract: A reflective substrate is provided, in which an electrode made of a material having an optical reflecting function is provided above an insulating base substrate and an upper surface of the electrode has a continuous wave shape without any flat portions. A method for manufacturing the reflective substrate includes the steps of: forming a plurality of convex portions with two or more different heights in a region where the electrode is provided; forming a polymer resin film, which has an upper surface in a continuous wave shape without any flat portions, on the substrate with the convex portions; and forming the electrode made of a material having an optical reflecting function on the polymer resin film so that the electrode has a continuous wave shape.

Abstract: A display elect:rode substrate comprising at least two, first and second, TFTs connected in series to each picture element, wherein the first and second thin film transistors are Juxtaposed on the same one of the gate bus lines, part of the gate bus line functions as gate electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors, a source electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to the source bus line, a drain electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a source electrode of the second thin film transistor, and a drain electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to the picture element electrode, whereby a picture element defect caused by a short-circuit defect of the TFTs can be reduced.

Abstract: In a vehicle having first and second wheels (e.g., front and rear wheels) to be driven with a speed difference, the wheels are driven by a toroidal type continuously variable transmission having a single input shaft and which is effective to accommodate the speed difference between the first and second wheels without a separate differential for such purpose.

Abstract: A method for producing an active matrix substrate using a thin film transistor having a gate electrode on an insulating substrate covered with a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, a channel protective layer on the semiconductor layer, a drain electrode having a portion overlying the gate electrode with the interposition of the gate insulating layer, the semiconductor layer and the channel protective layer, and a source electrode having a portion overlying the gate electrode with the interposition of the gate insulating layer, the method enhancing the transistor characteristics of the active matrix substrate with minimum leakage and the removal of an off-current generated from the presence of electrons and holes.

Abstract: An apparatus detects a malfunction of a plurality of acceleration sensors used in an antilock control system. The device has a plurality of state changeover devices corresponding to the respective acceleration sensors for changing their outputs from 0 to 1 if the outputs of the respective acceleration sensors change from low deceleration states to high deceleration states, and from 1 to 0 if their outputs change from high to low deceleration states. The apparatus also includes a reset signal output device for producing a reset signal if the outputs of all the state changeover devices are 1 and if the outputs of all of the state changeover devices change from 1 to 0 thereafter. A lamp actuating device is provided for turning a warning lamp on if the output of at least one of the state changeover devices is 1 and for turning the lamp off if there is a reset signal from the reset signal output device.

Abstract: An active-matrix display device comprising a plurality of picture elements that are arranged into a matrix and thin-film transistors that switch the picture elements, wherein an MIS-structured diode and each of the picture elements are connected with each of the thin-film transistors in parallel.

Abstract: An active-matrix display device having low-resistance added capacitance electrode wires in which single or plural secondary wires connected electrically to the added capacitance electrode wires reduce the apparent electrical resistance of the added capacitance electrode wires, which makes the time constant of the added capacitance electrode wires smaller, so that the charging characteristics of the added capacitance are improved and contrast and other display characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are improved.