Abstract: A video editing scheme for enabling a video editing operation on the coded video data efficiently. In a system in which the coded video data are decoded and displayed on a video display device, events including scene changes are detected from the coded video data, and icons are produced from the coded video data in correspondence to the detected events. On the other hand, playback possible positions from which the coded video data can be playbacked smoothly are determined, and an index information including an information on the produced icons and the determined playback possible positions is managed. Then, a plurality of icons are displayed on a single display, and a user is allowed to specify a desired icon among the displayed icons on the single display.

Abstract: A photoresist is applied to a first substrate made of glass or resin which has been subjected to alignment treatment. Next, the photoresist is exposed and developed by UV light so as to form a non-optical rotatory region in a stripe manner after a mask having a desired pattern is provided on the photoresist. Then, polymerized liquid crystal is applied or dropped on the substrate complex thus prepared so far after an alignment layer on the substrate is rubbed. Further, a second substrate whose surface has been subjected to alignment treatment is placed on the substrate complex such that the directions of the alignment of the two substrates are orthogonal to each other, and the substrate thus positioned is pressed against the substrate complex. Finally, the substrate complex is irradiated by the UV light to cure the polymerized liquid crystal so as to form an optical rotatory region, thereby completing an optical rotatory device.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus of the present invention includes: a light source; a polarization selective reflection element having a function of reflecting or transmitting a light beam from the light source in accordance with a polarization direction thereof; and an element for modulating a polarization plane of an incident light beam in accordance with an image to be displayed. The polarization selective reflection element is film-like and has an optical transmission axis and an optical reflection axis. The polarization selective reflection element transmits a first linearly polarized light beam, and reflects a second linearly polarized light beam having a polarization plane orthogonal to a polarization plane of the first linearly polarized light beam, regardless of a direction of incidence of a light beam with respect to the polarization selective reflection element.

Abstract: An illuminating light incidence mirror for introducing an illuminating light to reflection-type liquid crystal panels is provided in one of two pupil division regions constituting a pupil region of a projection lens, and reflected lights directly reflected by the reflection-type liquid crystal panels are transmitted through the other pupil division region of the projection lens and projected. In dark display, the reflected lights from the reflection-type liquid crystal panels and surface-reflected lights reflected by surfaces of the reflection-type liquid crystal panels are blocked by polarizing plates. Further, since &lgr;/4 plates and the polarizing plates are provided at inclinations with respect to the reflection-type liquid crystal panels, respectively, projection of surface-reflected lights from the &lgr;/4 plates and the polarizing plates onto a screen can be avoided.

Abstract: The image display apparatus of the invention includes: an image projector for projecting a plurality of optical images having image information for a color display in a juxtapositional color mixture state; and a direct-viewing type screen including two opposed faces, wherein the plurality of optical images projected from the image projector onto one of the two opposed faces of the screen vary optical characteristics of the other of the two opposed faces so as to write the image information for a color display; and the written image information for a color display is read out by utilizing surrounding light from the other face, thereby performing a color display.

Abstract: A microlens array is provided on a light-outgoing side of a monochromic LCD element having a plurality of pixels each corresponding to any one of the three colors R, G, and B. Microlenses of the microlens array respectively correspond to pixel groups each of which is composed of three pixels corresponding to the three colors R, G, and B, respectively. Light fluxes having passed through the microlens array are converged at an entrance pupil position of a projection lens by a field lens and form pixel enlarged images corresponding to the colors R, G, and B. At the entrance pupil position, there is provided a color filter having color regions which respectively correspond to the colors to which the pixel enlarged images correspond. With this arrangement, it is possible to make a diverging angle smaller, at which light passing through the LCD element and the microlens array and being converged on the projection lens by the field lens is diverged.

Abstract: A projection-type display apparatus includes a light source; a color separating/synthesizing device arranged to divide light from the light source into three different color light rays; and three reflection-type display devices arranged to reflect the three different color light rays, respectively. The color separating/synthesizing device is further arranged to synthesize the three different color light rays respectively reflected by the three reflection display devices. The color separating/synthesizing device has transmittance of substantially 50% for each of a s-polarized light ray having a first wavelength and a p-polarized light ray having a second wavelength. A difference between the first wavelength of the s-polarized light ray and the second wavelength of the p-polarized light ray is equal to or less than 40 nm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal projector in which light is effectively used and an excellent picture can be obtained is provided. In the liquid crystal projector, dichroic mirrors arranged at different angles are used to separate white light into beams of light of three primary colors of R, G, and B, and the respective beams of the light are incident on microlenses at different angles. The respective beams of light of the three primary colors are distributed by the microlenses to optical components corresponding to pixels, and highly collimated light beams can be obtained by the optical components. Since the highly collimated light beams are made incident on the pixels of the liquid crystal panel, the beams can be certainly made incident on desired pixels.

Abstract: A user sets n=0, his mail account A and password S, then computes V.sub.0 =E(A,S), W.sub.0 =E(A,V.sub.0), V.sub.1 =E(A,A.sym.1), W.sub.1 =E(A,V.sub.1) and M.sub.0 =E(W.sub.1, V.sub.0), and initially registers W.sub.0, W.sub.1, M.sub.0 and A by e-mail in a mail server. At a visiting site the user sends a service request and A to the mail server form an arbitrary terminal connected to the Internet, and the mail server reads out the authentication session number n corresponding to the identifier A and sends it back to the user. The user computes V.sub.n-1 =E(A,S.sym.(n-1)), V.sub.n+1 =E(A,S.sym.(n+1)), W.sub.n+1 =E(A,V.sub.n+1). V.sub.n =E(A,S.sym.n) and M.sub.n =E(W.sub.n+1, V.sub.n) and sends V.sub.n-1, W.sub.n+1 and M.sub.n to the mail server. The mail server computes E(A,V.sub.n-1) and E(W.sub.n, V.sub.n-1) and if they agree with preregistered W.sub.n-1 and M.sub.n-1, respectively, the mail server accepts the user as valid and sends a mail message of the user.

Abstract: Provided are a message processing method and apparatus for allowing information to be transmitted by time designation without the influence of a time differential between the locations of sending and receiving parties. A preferred embodiment is such that when a transmission cannot be made at a designated time, the sending party is so notified. Another preferred embodiment is such that when transmission time is set in the form of standard time, information is transmitted at the set standard time.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes: a plurality of pixels including right-eye pixels and left-eye pixels; a display screen constructed of the plurality of pixels; a first substrate including a first display electrode; a second substrate including a second display electrode arranged to oppose the first display electrode; a polarizing layer disposed in at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and a reflection film disposed in one of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the polarizing layer has first regions arranged to correspond to the right-eye pixels and second regions arranged to correspond to the left-eye pixels, the first regions selectively transmitting first polarized light while the second regions selectively transmitting second polarized light which is different from the first polarized light.

Abstract: A photoresist is applied to a first substrate made of glass or resin which has been subjected to alignment treatment. Next, the photoresist is exposed and developed by UV light so as to form a non-optical rotatory region in a stripe manner after a mask having a desired pattern is provided on the photoresist. Then, polymerized liquid crystal is applied or dropped on the substrate complex thus prepared so far after an alignment layer on the substrate is rubbed. Further, a second substrate whose surface has been subjected to alignment treatment is placed on the substrate complex such that the directions of the alignment of the two substrates are orthogonal to each other, and the substrate thus positioned is pressed against the substrate complex. Finally, the substrate complex is irradiated by the UV light to cure the polymerized liquid crystal so as to form an optical rotatory region, thereby completing an optical rotatory device.

Abstract: A microlens array of high converging efficiency is provided, independently of the array and lens filling rate of microlens arrays, with a method of manufacturing microlens arrays using the diffusion process. A multitude of refractive-index distribution type microlenses formed by diffusing in a planar transparent substrate a substance contributing to increasing the refractive index of the substrate are two-dimensionally and regularly arranged on the surface of the substrate. The microlenses are densely arranged on the surface of the substrate, and diffusion fronts of the microlenses form regions where the diffusion fronts are fused with those of the adjoining microlenses. The length of a region where certain two adjoining microlenses are fused together, in the direction of a straight line connecting the centers of the two microlenses is less than 20% of the array pitch of the microlenses in the above-mentioned direction.

Abstract: An image display device of the present invention includes: a display element having pixels which are arranged in columns and rows and are grouped into a plurality of right eye pixel groups and a plurality of left eye pixel groups, each of the right eye pixel groups and the left eye pixel groups including at least one pixel; a driver which supplies driving signals to the right eye pixel groups and the left eye pixel groups independently; an optical member for making a polarization state of light exiting from the right eye pixel groups different from a polarization state of light exiting from the left eye pixel groups; and an array of microlenses which is disposed in the vicinity of the optical member, wherein each of the microlenses collimates light exiting from a corresponding one group of the right eye pixel groups and the left eye pixel groups.

Abstract: A scheme for detecting shot boundaries in the compressed video data at high speed and high accuracy. In this shot boundary detection scheme, a Predictive-picture (P picture) change is calculated from a P picture sequence in the input video data which is compressed by an inter-frame/inter-field forward direction prediction coding scheme, according to coded data contained in the P picture sequence, while an Intra-picture (I picture) change is calculated from an I picture sequence in the input video data which is compressed by an intra-frame/intra-field coding scheme, according to coded data contained in the I picture sequence. Then, a shot boundary is detected by evaluating both the P picture change and the I picture change.

Abstract: A microlens array of high converging efficiency is provided, independently of the array and lens filling rate of microlens arrays, with a method of manufacturing microlens arrays using the diffusion process. A multitude of refractive-index distribution type microlenses formed by diffusing in a planar transparent substrate a substance contributing to increasing the refractive index of the substrate are two-dimensionally and regularly arranged on the surface of the substrate. The microlenses are densely arranged on the surface of the substrate, and diffusion fronts of the microlenses form regions where the diffusion fronts are fused with those of the adjoining microlenses. The length of a region where certain two adjoining microlenses are fused together, in the direction of a straight line connecting the centers of the two microlenses is less than 20% of the array pitch of the microlenses in the above-mentioned direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which includes: a light-addressed liquid crystal light valve including a photoconductive layer and a liquid crystal layer between a pair of light transmitting substrates, each of the light transmitting substrates having an electrode for applying a voltage across the photoconductive layer and the liquid crystal layer; a writing unit for writing an image of a display medium in the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve with writing light from the display medium through a writing lens; a projecting unit for projecting the image written in the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve by irradiating reading light from a projection light source to the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve; and a controlling unit for controlling at least one of operational characteristics of the light-addressed liquid crystal light valve and a luminance of the writing light in accordance with a luminance of the display medium, is disclosed.

Abstract: A projection type color image display apparatus includes: a light source for emitting white light; a first optical element for dividing the white light into a plurality of colored lights and for converging each colored light to form a plurality of spots, the spots of each colored light being formed at different positions from the spots of the other colored light; a liquid crystal display element including a plurality of pixels, the pixels corresponding to the spots and modulating the respective colored lights, whereby an image displayed by the liquid crystal display element is carried by the colored lights; a second optical element for diffracting the colored lights modulated by the liquid crystal display element to make a principal ray of each colored light substantially parallel to a principal ray of the other colored light; and a third optical element for receiving the colored lights from the second optical element and for projecting the image displayed by the liquid crystal display element while the image

Abstract: The projection-type color display device of the invention includes: a white light source; a splitting means for splitting white light emitted from the white light source into a first, a second, and a third beam having respectively different wavelength regions; a modulation means for modulating the first, the second and the third beams; an irradiation means for irradiating the first, the second and the third beams onto a principal surface of the modulation means at respectively different angles; and a projection means for projecting the first, the second and the third beams modulated by the modulation means. In the projection-type color display device, the first beam includes a color beam having a weakest intensity among the beams in three primary colors contained in the white light; and a direction of the first beam incident onto the principal surface of the modulation means is closer to a normal of the principal surface of the modulation means as compared with the second and the third beams.

Abstract: An image display apparatus is disclosed which includes: an optical system including a light source and at least one projection lens; a display means for forming a display image, the display means including a non-luminescent display panel and a microlens array disposed on the light-incidence side of the display panel; and at least one projection lens for projecting the display image; wherein the display panel and the microlens array are combined with each other by means of an adhesive made of a transparent material. In cases where the microlens array is provided with color filters which are arranged so as to correspond to the microlenses of this array, the image display apparatus can provide a bright display of color images with an improved contrast. Moreover, when the display panel and the microlens array are combined with each other by means of an adhesive containing spacers, the image display apparatus has a high thermal reliability.