Abstract: For an electro-optical display having an electrochromic material provided with a redox pair and sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, a first potential more negative than the threshold potential is applied and a second potential more positive than the first potential but more negative than the threshold potential is thereafter applied in a write mode.

Abstract: A driving circuit is provided for an electro-optical display which includes an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display segments, various combinations of display segments defining different desired display patterns. The electrochromic phenomenon is developed within the electro-optical display upon a flow of current supplied through the display segments. The driving circuit is constructed so as to supply a predetermined amount of the flow of current to the display segments during variations of the light absorption properties.

Abstract: An electro-optical display comprises an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display segments, each combination of the display segments defining a different desired display pattern. Lead-in electrodes connected to the respective display segments for driving purposes are shaped in such a manner as to have resistance values inversely proportional to the size of the corresponding display segments.

Abstract: A drive system is provided for an electrochromic display which includes an electrochromic material, a display pattern electrode and a counter electrode. The electrochromic phenomenon, or, reversible variations in the light absorption properties are developed when a predetermined voltage is applied between the display pattern electrode and the counter electrode. An erase pulse is applied to a bleached state display pattern electrode when a certain display pattern is held for a period longer than a memory period of the electrochromic display in order to regenerate the memory state and enhance the visibility.

Abstract: Electrochromic display device manufacture method wherein electrochromic material is deposited in a single layer on a single film of conductive material over the whole area of glass substrate and then the electrochromic material and conductive material are successively etched through a single mask which defines a display segment pattern and remains in position throughout the whole etching process, whereby etched edge portions of the different materials are in excellent alignment and there is therefore small plate area for a reverse emf cell and good display device performance is achieved. The electrochromic material may be etched by the solution employed for developing the photoresist, whereby an etching process step is eliminated.

Abstract: This invention relates to camshafts of the assembly type and the manufacture thereof, in which a shaft part and cam parts are first formed separately, as individual parts of simple configuration. The cam parts are then freely mounted on the shaft part, then indexed to the desired axial and angular positions, and temporarily secured to the shaft by a fastening medium applied through an indexing hole through each cam and engaging the shaft, and thereafter the cams, so mounted and indexed, are permanently secured to the shaft by welding. The indexing hole also can function as a lubricant reservoir.