Abstract: Various arrangements of an anode-free solid-state battery cell are presented herein. The battery cell can include a lithium ion buffer layer that is located between a solid-state electrolyte and an anode current collector. Lithium ions may be stored within the lithium ion buffer layer when the battery cell is charged, which can decrease an amount of swelling within the battery cell.

Abstract: Various arrangements for compressing a cylindrical battery cell are presented herein. The cylindrical battery cell may be wrapped in a buffer material. The buffer material may then be compressed using a compression mechanism. The buffer material may uniformly distribute pressure applied to the buffer material to a curved sidewall of the cylindrical battery cell.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatus, systems, and methods of powering electric vehicles. A battery pack can be disposed in an electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle. The apparatus can include a battery cell. A battery cell can have a housing that defines a cavity. The battery cell can have a solid electrolyte. The electrolyte can be arranged within the cavity. The battery cell can have a cathode disposed within the cavity along a first side of the electrolyte. The battery cell can have a functional layer disposed within the cavity along a second side of the electrolyte. A first side of the functional layer can be in contact with a second side of the electrolyte. The functional layer can form an alloy with lithium material received via the electrolyte. The battery cell can have a scaffold layer disposed within the cavity along a second side of the functional layer.

Abstract: A battery cell having a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte, and a dendrite absorber material. The dendrite absorber material reacts with lithium dendrite that forms on the anode after cycling the battery cell through charging and discharging cycles. The dendrite absorption material interacts with the lithium dendrite via lithium fusion. As a result of the lithium fusion, the dendrite absorber forms a lithium alloy and prevents expansion of the dendrite past the dendrite absorber material within the cell battery. This helps prevent short-circuiting between the anode and cathode due to lithium dendrite, which would cause performance degradation and safety issues such as fires.

Abstract: A battery cell having a layered pressure homogenizing soft medium for liquid/solid state Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The battery cell of the present technology includes one or more battery pouches, a pressure mechanism external to the battery pouches that applies a pressure to the battery pouches, and a layered pressure homogenizing soft medium that is displaced between the battery pouches and the pressure mechanism. By using a number of pressure homogenizing medium layers, each with a specific range of thickness and within a range of physical properties, the battery pouches displaced between the pressure homogenizing medium layers are evenly pressurized by the mediums due to pressure applied by the pressure mechanism to within a desired range of pressure. The pressure applied to the battery pouches by the pressure homogenizing medium is monitored by a pressure sensor, such as a two-dimensional pressure sensor.

Abstract: Various arrangements for compressing a cylindrical battery cell are presented herein. The cylindrical battery cell may be wrapped in a buffer material. The buffer material may then be compressed using a compression mechanism. The buffer material may uniformly distribute pressure applied to the buffer material to a curved sidewall of the cylindrical battery cell. The cylindrical battery cell may be heated while the buffer material is being compressed using the compression mechanism.

Abstract: Various embodiments and methods related to solid-state battery and associated solid-state battery anodes are presented. The solid-state battery may include a solid-state battery cathode, a solid-state battery anode, and a solid electrolyte separator. The solid electrolyte separator may be positioned between the solid-state battery cathode and the solid-state battery anode to form the solid-state battery. The solid-state battery anode may include a second solid electrolyte powder, a plurality of graphite particles, and a plurality of conductive fibers. The plurality of conductive fibers may be interspersed between the plurality of graphite particles. The plurality of graphite particles may be characterized by a D50 diameter of less than 20 ?m. The plurality of graphite particles may be coated with a solid-state interfacial coating. The solid-state interfacial coating may include a low-crystallinity carbon.

Abstract: Various arrangements for creating a cylindrical anti-dendrite anode-free solid- state battery are presented. An anti-dendrite layer may be layered between an anode current collector layer and the cathode layer. A layered stack may be created that comprises a dry separator layer, a cathode layer layered with a cathode current collector layer, and the anti- dendrite layer layered with the anode current collector layer. The layered stack may be rolled into a cylindrical jelly roll. The rolled layered stack may be inserted into a pouch. A liquid electrolyte mixture may be added into the pouch. The liquid electrolyte mixture can permeate the dry separator layer. Heat can be applied to the pouch that causes the liquid electrolyte mixture to become a gel. The rolled layered stack can then be removed from the pouch and inserted into a cylindrical battery cell canister.

Abstract: Various variable planar pouch battery pressure optimization systems are presented. The system may include a first and second plate, between which a planar pouch battery cell is installed. Multiple pressure application components may be individually controlled to apply varying pressure to the first and second plate. Various pressure patterns may be tested in order to determine a pressure pattern that optimizes at least one electrical characteristic of the planar pouch battery cell.

Abstract: Various arrangements of a phase-change electrolyte for a solid state battery (SSB) are presented. A phase-change electrolyte separator layer can include a non-reactive scaffold that has open spaces. A lithium liquid may be used that transitions into a lithium gel, the lithium liquid can include a mixture of a polymer additive, a cross-linker additive, a lithium salt; and a solvent. The lithium liquid with the polymer additive and the cross-linker additive can be filled into the open spaces within the non-reactive scaffold. The lithium liquid can then be converted into a lithium gel within the non-reactive scaffold following an application of heat while the lithium liquid is within the open spaces within the non-reactive scaffold.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an anti-dendrite anode-free solid-state battery (SSB) are presented. The SSB can include a cathode layer; an anode current collector layer; and a lithium gel separator layer between the cathode layer and the anode current collector layer. An anti-dendrite layer may also be present located between the lithium gel separator layer and the anode current collector layer. The anti-dendrite layer can help discourage dendrite formation.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an anode-free solid-state battery are presented. The battery may include a cathode layer; an anode current collector layer; and a separator layer between the cathode layer and the anode current collector layer. The battery can further include an anti-dendrite layer located between the separator layer and the anode current collector layer. The battery further includes an interfacial bonding layer located between the anti-dendrite layer and the anode current collector layer. The interfacial bonding layer increases an amount of electrical connectivity between the anode current collector layer. A first amount of adhesion between the interfacial bonding layer and the anode current collector layer can be greater than a second amount of adhesion between the anti-dendrite layer and the interfacial bonding layer.

Abstract: Various arrangements of an anode-free solid-state battery cell are presented herein. The battery cell can include a lithium ion buffer layer that is located between a solid-state electrolyte and an anode current collector. Lithium ions may be stored within the lithium ion buffer layer when the battery cell is charged, which can decrease an amount of swelling within the battery cell.

Abstract: Various arrangements for compressing a cylindrical battery cell are presented herein. The cylindrical battery cell may be wrapped in a buffer material. The buffer material may then be compressed using a compression mechanism. The buffer material may uniformly distribute pressure applied to the buffer material to a curved sidewall of the cylindrical battery cell. The cylindrical battery cell may be heated while the buffer material is being compressed using the compression mechanism.

Abstract: Various battery cell arrangements are presented herein. The battery cell can include an anode current collector. The battery cell can include an anode coating layer that coats the anode current collector. The anode coating layer may be a lithium-ion conducting solid state electrolyte or a lithium-ion conducting gel electrolyte. A first bond between the anode current collector and the anode coating layer may have a first adhesion strength. The battery cell also includes a cathode, a separator layer that contacts the cathode, and a separator coating layer. The separator coating layer can be positioned between the anode coating layer and the separator layer. A second bond between the separator coating material and the anode coating material has a second adhesion strength. The second adhesion strength of the second bond may be greater than the first adhesion strength of the first bond.

Abstract: Various battery cell arrangements are presented herein. The battery cell can include an anode current collector. The battery cell can include a carbon-based anode coating layer that coats the anode current collector. A first bond between the anode current collector and the anode coating layer may have a first adhesion strength. The battery cell also includes a cathode, a separator layer that contacts the cathode, and a separator coating layer. The separator coating layer can be positioned between the anode coating layer and the separator layer. A second bond between the separator coating material and the anode coating material has a second adhesion strength. The second adhesion strength of the second bond may be greater than the first adhesion strength of the first bond.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, apparatuses, and methods of providing electrical energy for electric vehicles. A battery pack can be disposed in an electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle. A battery cell can be arranged in the battery pack. The battery cell can have a housing. The housing can define a cavity within the housing. The battery cell can have an electrolyte arranged within the cavity. The battery cell can have a cathode disposed within the cavity along one side of the electrolyte. The battery cell can have an anode disposed within the cavity along another side of the electrolyte. The anode can have a silicon-carbon structure. The silicon-carbon structure can be doped with lithium material prior to an initial charge cycle of the battery cell. The anode can have a negative electrode capacity 20-50% greater than a positive electrode capacity of the cathode.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatus, systems, and methods of powering electric vehicles. A battery pack can be disposed in an electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle. The apparatus can include a battery cell. A battery cell can have a housing that defines a cavity. The battery cell can have a solid electrolyte. The electrolyte can be arranged within the cavity. The battery cell can have a cathode disposed within the cavity along a first side of the electrolyte. The battery cell can have a functional layer disposed within the cavity along a second side of the electrolyte. A first side of the functional layer can be in contact with a second side of the electrolyte. The functional layer can form an alloy with lithium material received via the electrolyte. The battery cell can have a scaffold layer disposed within the cavity along a second side of the functional layer.

Abstract: A separator which includes a covering layer in which a fine framework of polyolefin resin is coated with a glass layer and an exposed layer in which the polyolefin resin is exposed is provided. A battery is provided having a cathode and an anode, an electrolyte, and a separator where the separator has the covering layer in which the fine framework of polyolefin resin is coated with the glass layer and a method for manufacturing a separator including the step of coating a fine framework of polyolefin resin with the glass layer by applying a precursor containing viscous liquid product which contains only polysilazane compound or a mixture of viscous liquid product which contains only polysilazane compound with polycarbosilazane compound to the polyolefin resin and placing the precursor applied polyolefin resin in a water bath to dry.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous molded article for electrodes having high charge/discharge capacity, high initial charge/discharge efficiency, and excellent cycle life without a polymeric binder. The above object can be achieved by the carbonaceous molded article for electrodes of the present invention comprising a carbon fiber nonwoven fabric, the article having a thickness of not greater than 1 mm, an atomic ratio (H/C) of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms according to elemental analysis of not greater than 0.1, a porosity determined from a bulk density and a butanol true density of the molded article of 25 to 80%, and a volatile content of not greater than 5.0 wt %.