Abstract: This invention relates to a heating method for forming a thermoplastic bottle in which a heating member is inserted into the interior of a preform made from a thermoplastic material or the bottle and the preform or plastic bottle is heated by the heating member and a heating device located externally so as to thereby heat the same simultaneously internally and externally thereof, the temperature of the respective heating member being controlled respectively. Radiant heat energy distribution is variable along the longitudinal direction of the heating member so as to carry out the heating process in comformity with the bottle to be formed so as to manufacture the plastic bottle with high quality.

Abstract: A system for detecting the speed of an engine for a vehicle calculates the engine speed in accordance with a signal which is outputted from a main rotation sensor in accordance with the operation of the engine. In case the main rotation sensor is subjected to malfunction, the engine speed is calculated using a back-up signal. Namely, an auxiliary rotation sensor detects the rotation of a portion of a power transmission device. When the above portion of the power transmission device is connected to an output shaft of the engine, the signal from the auxiliary rotation sensor is used as the back-up signal. When the two are disconnected from each other, a signal, representing the condition of the operation of an actuator for controlling the amount of supply of fuel to the engine, is used as the back-up signal.

Abstract: A process for forming electrodes for semiconductor devices having a semiconductor substrate and an electrically conductive portion covered and protected by an electrically insulating coating. The process includes the steps of forming an electrically conductive film on the electrically insulating coating, forming an electrode to be connected to an external circuit on the electrically conductive film at a position overlying the electrically conductive portion by exposing portions of the electrically insulating coating and the first electrically conductive film to a converged ion beam, electrically connecting the electrode to the exposed portions of the electrically conductive film, and removing the portions of the electrically conductive film not covered by the electrode. As a result, the likelihood of breakdown of the internal circuit of the semiconductor device connected to the electrically conductive portion while the electrode is being formed is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A process for forming electrodes for semiconductor devices having a semiconductor substrate and an electrically conductive portion covered and protected by an electrically insulating coating. The process includes the steps of forming an electrically conductive film on the electrically insulating coating, forming an electrode to be connected to an external circuit on the electrically conductive film at a position overlying the electrically conductive portion by exposing portions of the electrically insulating coating and the first electrically conductive film to a converged ion beam, electrically connectig the electrode to the exposed portions of the electrically conductive film, and removing the portions of the electrically conductive film not covered by the electrode. As a result, the likelihood of breakdown of the internal circuit of the semiconductor device connected to the electrically conductive portion while the electrode is being formed is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A tunnel unit for a scanning tunneling microscope includes a specimen stage having a plurality of pole pieces joined together via a joint member formed of a non-magnetic material and a specimen placing surface where the pole pieces and the joint member are exposed, a permanent magnet rotatably inserted within the specimen stage and at the joint of the plurality of pole pieces, a scanning head main body, which is provided with a piezoelectric element fixed thereto and a probe mounted on the piezoelectric element, being disposed above the specimen placing surface of the specimen stage and extending across the exposed joint member, and three screws formed of a magnetic material and rotatably mounted on the scanning head main body, the screws having their end portions in contact with the specimen placing surface of the specimen stage for supporting the scanning head main body above the specimen placing surface.

Abstract: A fine adjustment mechanism for a scanning tunneling microscope includes a mounting member, a cylindrical piezoelectric element fixed to the mounting member at one end of the element, a probe provided at the other end of the piezoelectric element, and electrodes disposed on the inner and outer walls of the piezoelectric element, one of the electrodes being divided into a plurality of electrode groups in the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A fine adjustment mechanism for a scanning tunneling microscope includes a mounting member, a cylindrical piezoelectric element fixed to the mounting member at one end thereof, an electrode provided on each of the inner and outer walls of the piezoelectric element, a probe provided on the other end of the piezoelectric element in such a manner that it extends outward on the central axis of the piezoelectric element, an electrically conductive member provided on the central axis of the piezoelectric element, one end of the conductive member being electrically connected to the probe within the piezoelectric element and the other end thereof extending to the outside of the piezoelectric element through the side of the piezoelectric element at which it is fixed to the mounting member, and shielding member provided on the outer periphery of the conductive member for electrically shielding the conductive member.

Abstract: A process for forming electrodes for semiconductor devices having a semiconductor substrate and an electrically conductive portion covered and protected by an electrically insulating coating. The process including the steps of forming an electrically conductive film on the electrically insulating coating, forming an electrode to be connected to an external circuit on the electrically conductive film at a position overlying the electrically conductive portion by exposing portions of the electrically insulating coating and the first electrically conductive film to a converged ion beam, electrically connecting the electrode to the exposed portions of the electrically conductive film, and removing the portions of the electrically conductive film not covered by the electrode. As a result, the likelihood of breakdown of the internal circuit of the semiconductor device connected to the electrically conductive portion while the electrode is being formed in greatly reduced.

Abstract: In a method for identifying blistered film in layered films, a focused ion beam irradiates the approximate center of the blister and a portion which has no blister, and individual sets of the measurement data relating to the respective numbers of secondary electrons generated by the irradiation are compared to determine which film of layered films has blistered. Since the focused ion beam is employed, the present method is applicable to the detection of a small blister in layered films. Furthermore, since an enormous number of cutting operations as might have been required in the prior art are eliminated, the present method can be carried out, stably, positively and economically.

Abstract: A coarse adjusting device for coarsely positioning a specimen and a probe relative to each other in a scanning tunneling microscope has a main body having a hollow space formed therein, transmission member extending through the hollow space of the main body and screwed at its one end to the main body so as to be moved in one and the other directions as it is rotated about its axis. The transmission member is provided at its portion within the hollow space with a tapered peripheral surface. The coarse adjusting device also has a coarsely-movable member disposed for movement in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the transmission member. The coarsely-movable member has one end contacting the tapered surface of the transmission member within the hollow space and the other end extended to the outside of the main body for carrying an object such as a specimen.

Abstract: In order to cut a portion of an aluminum interconnection in an aluminum circuit to be disconnected, the aluminum interconnection portion in the region to be cut is covered with a hydrogen-containing silicon nitride film by plasma CVD and is then irradiated with laser beams in an operating sequence consisting of three steps: the first step with relatively low power intensity and long irradiation time duration, the second step with intermediate power intensity and short irradiation time duration and the third step with relatively high power intensity and shortest irradiation time duration.

Abstract: In order to cut a portion of an aluminum interconnection to be disconnected in an aluminum circuit, the aluminum interconnection portion in the region to be cut is covered with a hydrogen-containing silicon nitride film by plasma CVD and is then irradiated with laser beams in an operating sequence consisting of three steps: the first step with relatively low power intensity and long irradiation time duration, the second step with intermediate power intensity and short irradiation time duration and the third step with relatively high power intensity and shortest irradiation time duration.

Abstract: A method of treating a silicon nitride film formed by plasma deposition and deposited on a substrate, which comprises: (1) irradiating the silicon nitride film, and (2) heating the silicon nitride film during the irradiating.

Abstract: A light emission switching circuit for use in a larynx stroboscope in which switching between a mode in which a stroboscopic lamp is flashed in synchronism with vibration of vocal cords and a mode in which the lamp is flashed at a fixed frequency is effected quickly in such a manner that there is no gap in light output at the time of switching. A detection output signal is produced when the frequency of a vocal cords vibration signal falls below a predetermined frequency, typically, about 50 Hz. When this signal is present, a switch circuit is controlled so as to connect the output of a fixed-frequency oscillator to drive the stroboscope. When the signal is absent, a pulse signal synchronous with the vocal cords vibration signal is employed to drive the stroboscopic lamp.

Abstract: A microcomputer comprises an address decoder (23) for providing address signals to a random access memory (21). The address decoder (23) is adapted to generate a plurality of address signals in accordance with one piece of instruction data obtained from an instruction register (10). On the other hand, a control circuit (11) is provided for generating change signals in response to the instruction data for controlling a T type flip-flop (24, 25 or 26). The address decoder is responsive to the signal from the T type flip-flop to select and provide one of the plurality of address signals. Accordingly, a plurality of addresses are designated in accordance with one piece of the instruction data, whereby one of them is selected by a change signal. Thus, a program for addressing a random access memory can be simplified.

Abstract: In a rolling mill having a pair of upper and lower work rolls, defining a pressure gap therebetween through which a material is passed to be rolled, a method and apparatus for controlling the rolling mill under the different peripheral-speed rolling operation in which one of the rolls is driven at a predetermined peripheral speed by controlling the speed of a motor for driving the one roll, and the other roll is controlled to generate a torque corresponding to a difference, between a total torque required for the rolling operation and a torque generated by the one roll by controlling the torque of the motor for driving the other roll on the basis of a torque command corresponding to the torque difference.

Abstract: A roll eccentricity control system for rolling apparatus in which a period of each cycle corresponding to one revolution of the roll is divided into a plurality of sections, a deviation in thickness of the rolled material in each section is sampled during the rolling operation, the sampled deviations in the respective sections for at least one period are averaged to determine a period average deviation and the deviations sampled during plural periods are averaged separately for the respective sections to determine section average deviations of the respective sections which are stored as basic data, the period average deviation is subtracted from the section average deviations and the resultant differences for the respective sections are stored as basic patterns, the basic data and the basic pattern stored for each section are readout at a suitable timing to be used for producing a reduction position control signal for that section, which is adapted to compensate the thickness variation of the rolled material

Abstract: A hollow stabilizer manufactured from a material obtained by adding a minute amount (0.001-0.01% by weight) of boron to either a carbon steel tubing having a relatively low carbon concentration of 0.20-0.35% for mechanical and structural purposes or to a carbon steel tubing for general structural purposes. The carbon steel tubing thus provided is bent in a prescribed stabilizer form. The bent tubing is water quenched, for example, to a greater hardness than HRC 43. The water-hardened bent tubing is later tempered to a hardness HRC, ranging between 36 and 43, at a temperature of, for example, 300.degree.-380.degree. C. for a proper length of time. The hollow stabilizer obtained by the aforementioned heat-treating steps has a much greater fatigue strength.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for a plasma etching system for etching a sample which includes a chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a sample table positioned in the chamber and which further includes a first electrode, a counter electrode positioned in the chamber opposite the first electrode and a plurality of heating mechanisms positioned in the inlet and outlet of the chamber, in the counter electrode and in the sample table for desorbing a reaction product adsorbed on surfaces of the inlet and outlet of the chamber, the counter electrode and the sample table prior to plasma etching of the sample.

Abstract: A hand-held lens meter including first and second optical systems mounted in a substantially Y-shaped hand-holdable body is disclosed. The first optical system includes a target, a lens rest and an objective lens. The target is slidably mounted in a grip portion of the lens meter body while the two optical systems are mounted in the upper legs thereof. The second optical system includes a relay lens, a focusing screen, an eyepiece lens and first and second reflecting surfaces which may be consituted either by first and second mirrors or a pentagonal prism. A prism is provided preferably as the reflecting surface of the first optical system with the prism having an optical path length longer than the outside diameter of the objective lens. The target is slidably moved along the optical axis in response to rotation of a power-measuring dial which is calibrated in terms of the powers of lenses to be measured.