Abstract: Provided is a transmissive liquid crystal diffraction element that can diffract different polarized light components in the same direction and has high diffraction efficiency with respect to unpolarized light.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical element in which the occurrence of sidelobe is suppressed and a reflectivity is high, an image display apparatus, a head-mounted display, a sensing apparatus, and an eye tracking apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are an optical element that causes a guided-mode resonance phenomenon to occur using a liquid crystal diffraction element to reflect light in a specific wavelength range such that the reflection wavelength range can be widened and the controllability of the width of the reflection wavelength range is also excellent, and an optical sensor including the above-described optical element. The optical element includes a liquid crystal layer that is formed of a composition including a liquid crystal compound, in which the liquid crystal layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, the liquid crystal compound is twisted and aligned in a thickness direction, and the liquid crystal layer further has a resonance structure.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element in which the occurrence of sidelobe is suppressed and a reflectivity is high.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide: an optical element in which incident light can be transmitted or reflected at an angle in the predetermined direction and the wavelength dependence of the amount of transmitted light or reflected light is small; and an optical element including the optical element. The optical element according to the present invention comprises: an optically-anisotropic layer that is formed using a composition including a liquid crystal compound and an infrared absorbing colorant, in which the optically-anisotropic layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, and an absorption of the infrared absorbing colorant in a wavelength range of 700 to 2000 nm in a minor axis direction is higher than an absorption of the infrared absorbing colorant in a wavelength range of 700 to 2000 nm in a major axis direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a memory chip. The memory chip includes a first region including a plurality of first memory cells and second memory cells, a second region different from the first region, a plurality of first word lines stacked apart from each other in a first direction in the first and second regions, a first pillar including a first semiconductor layer extending through the first word lines, and a first insulator layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the first word lines, in the first region, the first memory cells being located at intersections of the first pillar with the first word lines, a first bonding pad in the second region, and a first transistor between the first word lines and the first bonding pad, and connected between one of the first word lines and the first bonding pad, in the second region.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor having a high SN ratio. The sensor includes a light source, a band pass filter, and a light-receiving element, in which the band pass filter includes two cholesteric liquid crystal layers and a discontinuous layer disposed between the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, in the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, helical twisted directions and helical pitches are the same, and in a case where the discontinuous layer is a layer other than a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a wavelength having a lowest reflectivity in a selective reflection wavelength range of the band pass filter is represented by ?m [nm], a thickness [nm] is in a range of “30×(?m/550) to 150×(?m/550)”.

Abstract: Provided are a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a high diffraction efficiency, a method of forming the same, and a laminate, a light guide element, and an image display device that include the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. The cholesteric liquid crystal layer is obtained by immobilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, in which the cholesteric liquid crystal layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from a liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, in a cross-section observed with a SEM, bright portions and dark portions are tilted, in a case where a tilt angle of a direction in which an in-plane retardation is minimum with respect to a normal line in a slow axis plane or a fast axis plane is represented by ?2, an absolute value of an optical axis tilt angle ? represented by “sin ?2=n·sin ? (n represents an average refractive index of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer)” is 5° or more.

Abstract: Provided is a vitamin D derivative demonstrating excellent central nervous system migration, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof. Specifically provided is a vitamin D derivative represented by formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a novel gel-like food composition. The gel-like food composition contains 0.1 to 10 wt % of a free branched-chain amino acid, 1 to 12 wt % of a protein, and 104/g to 1014/g of a probiotic.

Abstract: Provided is a novel gel-like food composition. The gel-like food composition contains 0.1 to 10 wt % of a free branched-chain amino acid, 1 to 12 wt % of a protein, and 104/g to 1014/g of a probiotic.

Abstract: Provided is a pyridine derivative represented by formula (I), a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the pyridine derivative or the prodrug, or a solvate of the pyridine derivative, the prodrug or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which is useful for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases associated with URAT1 such as gout, hyperuricemia, hypertension, kidney diseases such as interstitial nephritis, diabetes, arteriosclerosis and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Abstract: Provided is a pyridine derivative represented by formula (I), a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the pyridine derivative or the prodrug, or a solvate of the pyridine derivative, the prodrug or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which is useful for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases associated with URAT1 such as gout, hyperuricemia, hypertension, kidney diseases such as interstitial nephritis, diabetes, arteriosclerosis and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Abstract: Provided is a pyridine derivative represented by formula (I), a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the pyridine derivative or the prodrug, or a solvate of the pyridine derivative, the prodrug or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which is useful for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases associated with URAT1 such as gout, hyperuricemia, hypertension, kidney diseases such as interstitial nephritis, diabetes, arteriosclerosis and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a cleaning device having a cleaning member that comes into contact with a surface of the image carrier, and a lubricant applying device provided on the downstream side of the cleaning member. The lubricant applying device includes a solid lubricant, a lubricant supply roller, and a trailing type lubricant smoothing blade that is provided on the downstream side of the lubricant supply roller, and comes into belly contact with the surface of the image carrier. After image carrier is stopped, constantly or under a predetermined condition, the surface of the image carrier is moved in a direction opposite to an image forming direction. The opposite movement distance is equal to or more than the shortest distance between a contact point between the lubricant supply roller and the image carrier and a contact point between the lubricant smoothing blade and the image carrier.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the invention includes: a substrate having a hollowed hollow section on a top surface; a semiconductor chip mounted in the hollow section of the substrate; and a lid having a substantially plate-shaped top plate section that opposes the substrate and covers the hollow section, and having at least one pair of side wall sections that project from a circumference of the top plate section towards the substrate and that engage with a side surface of the substrate. The substrate and the lid can be accurately positioned.

Abstract: A cleaning member includes a core bar, an elastic coating layer, and high-friction coefficient parts provided on both ends of the cleaning member. The high-friction coefficient parts include an elastic material. Outer peripheries of the high-friction coefficient parts are inclined with respect to an axial direction of the core bar. The cleaning member is roller-shaped and is configured to clean a surface of a roller member to be cleaned in contact therewith. A charging device and a process cartridge also include the cleaning member.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor is constituted using magnetic sensor chips mounted on stages supported by interconnecting members and a frame having leads in a lead frame. Herein, the stages are inclined upon plastic deformation of the interconnecting members. When the frame is held in a metal mold and the stages are pressed, the interconnecting members are elastically deformed, so that the magnetic sensor chips are bonded onto the stages placed substantially in the same plane and are then wired with the leads. Thereafter, the stages are released from pressure, so that the interconnecting members are restored from the elastically deformed states thereof. When the magnetic sensor chips are combined together to realize three sensing directions, it is possible to accurately measure three-dimensional bearings of magnetism, and the magnetic sensor can be reduced in dimensions and manufactured with a reduced cost thereof.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a cleaning device having a cleaning member that comes into contact with a surface of the image carrier, and a lubricant applying device provided on the downstream side of the cleaning member. The lubricant applying device includes a solid lubricant, a lubricant supply roller, and a trailing type lubricant smoothing blade that is provided on the downstream side of the lubricant supply roller, and comes into belly contact with the surface of the image carrier. After image carrier is stopped, constantly or under a predetermined condition, the surface of the image carrier is moved in a direction opposite to an image forming direction. The opposite movement distance is equal to or more than the shortest distance between a contact point between the lubricant supply roller and the image carrier and a contact point between the lubricant smoothing blade and the image carrier.

Abstract: A lubricant applying unit that applies lubricant to a photosensitive element includes solid lubricant blended with fatty acid metal salt, a lubricant supplying brush roller, a lubricant applying blade, and a biasing unit of the solid lubricant. In addition, a lubricant applying unit that applies lubricant to an intermediate transfer belt includes solid lubricant blended with inorganic lubricant, a lubricant supplying brush roller, a lubricant applying blade, and a biasing unit of the solid lubricant blended with the inorganic lubricant.